𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, June 13, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 14 Jun 02:39:40 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmQpJuAsuxM7rmt71cHrnPYHq3yDfDViu6N7MVLqXMKNFi QmQdANbcTEaZJ6my2fyMJy8z7hLkDG3PSmwrg5BgrSJUWE QmeiAoJp2bFLnfeXRMywwDqmFDpxrnccTw79hv3XpSU1WA QmesZFZtaQyPujdg2nTczATr3E45jULmh5GbNNGVzmgHLE QmbdHztStntudMnkVURYKTyZxgmnBTbeqCSGw55fNBDyoC QmaXs6nissBVhNYAYHVGqvFS4Kfy7Nq2ECoYf2jAVZYgbq QmSHHTdp6sLdmKQogL17XxUxtwd4yBjY2Lb634AgE8Uiij Qmcr7RG6Vn1Qk6so2Qqdx9upsB4AxyT1yb7f2Khqv4fKwT QmZ6LkeL4fZh9DTpRFrBNgmYKFoJn8TvGhP6J84MfkvYcP QmYUZtwpfW3SXobxRTXB4UAgicLysKVf5S6GPNsGsWJepo QmauiidagSC2rYNK3aXbfe9nRtvP5UNUndKdij7SmMpFkA QmaLZmWcBgHpKwLqX93H4xA2SGxbuxuxyoQoAMkAUZKvtx QmVFioEbqLtsexYUL3WTkFycceXHEqBmqYYFgdBPjTGwm8 QmXiFJikrpgJmTJdF5dxJErsXyTseRRcK6Ds2Jg9BBsTuL QmNfDQ75xBxSAamisMxhTjpn9Au6GFQzWE4dr1y8fZzXpu QmSrm5jLMrG5o149YVepKcn8JQRvHsY3WrG4rKXUTe544Z QmWExVHkGDm8136DgKuJPz53soK3UpxtDpoXW1nFKza3zM QmYWDELshz6Di3MpKWjLgsiPciyEWkTZcSmWYTfxmQ51wK QmWHtnxrQ4VdE2qvHcjaych3cP1TzncSGHiXc6zwPAJJbi QmeAi1Bj4Pr2DEgJ6QvmprcfyF8MzrnE8sYL8mi989sgkE QmWNxxXXEBuqJMZZm5uwv7rqi6x5gkChcska8B4WNLyuYv ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Phoronix Editorial Control | Techrights ⦿ Hacking to Redecentralise the Internet | Techrights ⦿ Gemini’s Growth Carries On | Techrights ⦿ Why Google Has Become a Social Control Media Company (and Should be Treated as Such) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, June 12, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ Mozilla, Just Like the Linux Foundation, Has Turned to Politics at Firefox’s Expense | Techrights ⦿ World Wide Web Compared to Gopher/Gemini and IPFS | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/amd-in-phoronix-today/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/decentralisation-urgently-needed/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/gemini-growth-2000/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/google-social-control-media/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/irc-log-120622/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/mozilla-politics-blog/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/world-wide-web-gopher-and-gemini/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/flatpak-brand-refresh/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/gcc-contributors-guide/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/linux-5-19-rc2/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/oracle-linux-9-preview/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/thunderbird-on-android/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 69 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/amd-in-phoronix-today/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/amd-in-phoronix-today/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Phoronix_Editorial_Control⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Marketing at 1:13 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Context: Phoronix:_Microsoft_and_Phoronix_Sponsor_(and_Close_Microsoft_Partner) AMD_All_Over_the_Place | Phoronix_Turned_18_This_Past_Weekend,_Asked_Readers for_Money,_and_This_Monday_It_Shows_Off_Hugely_Expensive_AMD_‘Gifts’_(Again) | When_Blogs_Become_Marketing_and_Benchmarks_Become_Product_Promotions | Peak_AMD Moments ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇AMD_in_Phoronix_today⦈_ Summary: How many ‘shares’ in Phoronix did AMD buy? ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀ ⣿⣿⠉⠙⣿⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣛⣿⡏⠏⢻⡇⡟⠛⠛⠟⢛⠛⠛⢛⠛⡟⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⠛⠛⠻⡛⠛⠛⢻⠻⡻⠻⡛⠟⠛⢛⠛⠛⢟⡻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠛⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠾⠇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣻⣛⣄⣤⣀⣿⣸⣶⣇⣸⣃⡗⢸⣛⣷⣇⣸⣺⣀⣕⣸⣏⡌⠀⠿⠘⠃⠃⠓⠑⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠉⠁⠁⠁⠈⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠐⠐⠘⠃⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⢤⡤⢤⣤⣤⣴⢶⢶⣶⠶⢶⣶⠶⡶⢦⣤⣤⣤⢤⠤⡤⢤⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣗⣉⣘⡀⣊⣀⣁⣆⣺⣂⣷⣰⡀⣂⣜⣀⣂⣀⡀⠀⠀⠂⠴⠒⣏⣌⣇⣸⣮⣀⣕⣸⣇⣃⠞⣾⣧⣜⣨⣆⣘⣻⣧⣛⣯⣼⣛⣄⣘⣦⣋⣇⣽⣛⣀⣸⣿⣿⠿⠷⠒⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡦⡤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣵⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣌⣯⣁⣈⣹⣩⣏⣁⣿⣍⣝⣽⣍⣍⣍⣯⣁⣹⣽⣁⣏⣉⣽⣍⠉⣇⣿⣹⣩⣇⣯⣉⣹⣇⣿⣞⣿⣼⣉⣉⣵⣩⡉⣩⣹⣧⣯⣉⣩⣏⣈⣽⣽⣍⣙⣯⣉⣉⣍⣏⣉⣭⣏⣉⣁⣏⣉⣽⣉⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⡻⠛⠛⠛⣿⢻⠻⡿⢿⡟⡿⠿⠟⢿⢿⠻⠿⣿⣛⠿⣿⡟⠛⣻⡻⡿⡿⠿⡿⣿⢻⠻⠻⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⣿⠿⠿⣿⢛⡿⠿⡿⡟⡿⢿⣿⣿⡟⡟⢻⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣦⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣾⣵⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣶⣤⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣉⣉⣟⡉⢉⣻⣍⣡⣋⣉⣸⣇⣉⣕⣈⡩⣹⣏⣹⣗⣈⣿⣂⣹⣨⣏⣃⣉⣈⣾⣹⣉⣴⣇⣈⣻⣏⡉⣪⣉⣎⣻⣡⣯⣉⣙⣸⣏⣉⣩⣍⣁⣿⣨⣋⣸⣙⣉⢑⣍⣉⣕⣕⣉⣱⣙⣉⣁⣃⣉⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣤⡖⡚⣏⡁⡷⢎⡿⣉⠯⢽⠭⡏⢹⡇⡪⠋⠋⠅⡋⠉⠝⢩⢹⡆⣢⡄⠀⠀⡉⡫⠉⣭⢯⣿⡙⡆⠉⡏⢿⠉⡇⠸⠩⠉⡏⣽⠵⢺⠏⡯⢹⠭⡯⢹⣭⢽⡇⣾⠍⣯⣿⠸⣿⢩⠋⠏⢝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣼⣼⣥⣼⣿⣤⣤⣴⣼⣽⣧⣧⣯⣮⣶⣷⣾⣼⣾⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⠙⣉⡯⢽⡟⣿⡉⠛⣟⡟⠛⠛⣻⡏⠋⢛⢛⡛⠛⢛⠛⣏⢏⢙⠿⠛⢻⣿⠛⢻⢻⣏⢉⢏⠋⠙⣯⣟⡛⠛⠛⣿⠙⣛⠛⠛⣿⠋⠛⢻⢛⣟⠍⣏⡻⠙⡍⢛⡟⠛⢻⣿⡛⠉⠹⢻⠋⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⠾⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣧⣬⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣯⣼⣤⣦⣦⣬⣤⣼⣯⣤⣦⣽⣤⣴⣼⣥⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣹⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣼⣼⣦⣤⣴⣷⣤⣼⣱⣧⣤⣬⣼⣡⣤⣷⣤⣶⣥⣼⣧⣦⣤⣿⣥⣤⣦⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡏⠛⠝⡝⠛⠟⢿⠋⣽⠟⠉⢿⠟⠙⢻⢏⠋⡉⠋⣿⣿⠛⡟⠍⠹⠛⠛⢿⡏⢩⡋⢻⣽⡋⠋⠙⣽⠝⡟⢝⠝⠛⠻⡿⢹⢛⡹⢛⡟⢽⣽⠛⠏⣟⠛⢹⡝⠝⡟⢽⡝⡏⢿⠛⢻⠹⢿⡝⠛⠟⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⡿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⡿⡿⢿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⡷⡾⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⢾⠷⡿⠿⠾⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⢾⢿⢿⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣧⣵⣤⣿⣽⣴⣥⣦⣬⣾⣼⣤⣧⣿⣧⣬⣧⣼⣧⣤⣤⣼⣥⣤⣤⣽⣧⣥⣤⣮⣵⣽⣤⣤⣬⣦⣤⣽⣧⣿⣯⣤⣿⣤⣿⣧⣿⣤⣵⣵⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣾⣼⣀⣇⣸⣛⣤⣀⣂⣧⣲⣢⣂⢐⣸⣇⣺⣸⠒⣿⣜⣫⣠⣺⣛⣐⣇⣪⣗⣊⣅⣀⣶⣳⣨⣒⣄⣸⣧⣜⣀⣇⣰⣢⣢⣰⣄⣀⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⠻⠿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⠿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣮⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣸⣆⣉⣿⣇⣛⣩⣀⣻⣏⡉⢹⣗⣊⣩⣋⣈⣿⣁⣋⣉⣏⡉⢉⣹⣇⣙⣙⣋⣉⣉⣟⣉⣍⣁⣿⣍⣹⣏⣁⣉⣝⣸⢉⣿⣉⣘⣍⣉⣉⣿⣹⣇⣉⣹⣇⣿⣉⣹⣟⣉⣉⣃⣿⣃⣉⢍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⠟⣛⠿⢟⡟⠿⠿⡻⡟⡟⠟⠻⢻⠟⡟⠟⣟⠿⡿⡛⠟⣿⠟⠟⣿⢻⢻⣿⠻⠟⣿⡟⢛⠟⢿⠛⢟⠻⠿⢛⠻⠿⢻⢟⡻⠿⣻⡿⠿⢟⢿⢛⠛⢻⣿⠻⠻⡟⡛⠿⢻⣻⠻⢻⢿⡟⡟⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣦⣾⣷⣶⣧⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⣑⣵⣇⣳⣁⣸⣕⣅⣡⣀⣳⣀⣿⣃⣅⣕⣘⣿⣪⣪⣊⣰⣂⣀⣌⣸⣂⣑⣵⣿⣀⣰⣗⣰⣅⣹⣀⣐⣅⣁⣬⣅⣗⣙⣀⣖⣃⣸⣘⣈⣎⣃⣂⣯⢂⣈⣸⣊⣰⣯⣚⣸⣕⣀⣶⣱⣈⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⠛⢛⢟⠛⠙⠻⡻⡛⠻⢻⡛⢻⡟⡟⠛⣻⣟⠛⣛⠟⠛⣻⠛⢛⠟⠟⠻⡟⢟⢿⠛⣛⡟⢻⠛⢛⢋⡛⠛⠛⣟⠛⣿⡟⣿⡛⠛⢟⠛⣿⡻⠛⢻⣟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⠟⢿⠟⡟⣿⣿⠻⣿⠛⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣛⠟⣿⢟⣻⠿⣿⠋⠀⢀⣠⠄⡖⠖⠛⣛⣿⢿⣿⠻⢻⠿⣿⠿⣿⢛⠻⡿⢿⢻⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠿⣿⢷⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣾⣼⣶⣥⣿⣧⣶⣿⣾⣷⣽⣶⣼⣿⣭⣼⣧⣮⣽⣴⣷⣭⣶⣿⣮⣽⣭⣯⡄⠀⠉⠛⠶⢤⣾⣦⣵⣿⣥⣿⣼⣼⣶⣽⣭⣿⣼⣷⣽⣼⣼⣥⣿⣿⣼⣴⣵⣼⣴⣽⣬⣿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⣟⡿⢿⢻⡿⡿⢿⣿⢿⡿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡟⢻⢿⡿⣿⢻⡟⢿⢿⡿⡿⣿⡟⢻⣗⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣵⣧⣽⣼⣧⣿⣾⣧⣵⣥⣯⣾⣥⣿⣾⣧⣿⣬⣷⣿⣮⣥⣾⣼⣥⣷⣽⣯⣼⣭⣬⣮⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡏⢻⠛⠛⠻⢻⢻⢏⡛⠛⣿⡿⡹⣙⡯⢻⣿⠙⡿⠉⣻⡹⡟⡛⠋⠛⠛⠻⡻⢻⢻⡯⠛⠛⠛⢛⠻⡛⠛⠙⢛⢻⣿⡽⡿⡟⠝⠛⣛⢛⣻⢻⣻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⠷⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣧⣾⣯⣤⣤⣭⣵⣼⣼⣧⣵⣿⣼⣴⣥⣦⣬⣾⣼⣵⣧⣬⣿⣬⣧⣤⣼⣧⣮⣤⣤⣼⣯⣴⣦⣾⣬⣤⣴⣽⣬⣧⣤⣴⣧⣼⣴⣼⣬⣧⣥⣥⣤⣴⣥⣥⣤⣼⣿⣤⣿⣬⣮⣧⣤⣼⣷⣴⣥⣴⣮⣮⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡏⠉⣽⠝⠉⠉⢙⣽⠩⠉⠙⢽⡏⠉⠙⢹⡯⠋⠙⢙⡝⡏⢙⢿⠉⠙⡋⡫⢹⠹⡯⢹⠉⣫⡯⢹⠋⡟⢹⠍⢙⢽⡏⠫⣫⡏⢩⡯⢩⢝⠉⠹⡫⡯⠉⢝⣽⡏⠉⣿⠿⣯⠋⠩⣻⡯⠻⠟⡯⠹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⡻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡾⡿⠻⢻⢿⢿⠟⠿⡿⠟⠟⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠟⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠛⢻⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠻⢿⢿⡟⡿⢿⢻⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣧⣧⣥⣿⣤⣤⣼⣿⣤⣷⣦⣮⣾⣴⣶⣵⣤⣤⣤⣿⣥⣤⣤⣯⣴⣵⣿⣤⣤⣯⣷⣤⣼⣧⣮⣿⣤⣴⣮⣿⣬⣤⣼⣿⣧⣦⣧⣵⣧⣴⣽⣽⣤⣴⣽⣧⣤⣶⣵⣼⣧⣼⣧⣿⣴⣽⣿⣴⣵⣾⣬⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡗⢜⢹⣍⣛⢝⢉⢉⡉⡩⣿⢉⢋⢉⣉⢹⣍⣩⢹⡋⣫⣉⣸⡏⣉⣉⢉⣽⣏⣉⣽⣏⣉⣩⢉⣸⣊⡏⣉⣉⣽⡏⡋⣉⣝⣍⣉⡍⣿⣍⣉⡍⣯⢅⣉⢹⡏⣉⢩⢩⢁⡨⣻⣏⣩⢻⡯⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⠿⠿⡿⠟⠿⠿⣿⠻⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣮⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡏⢉⣍⡉⢹⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣻⡿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⠤⣤⢤⢠⢤⡴⣶⢶⡶⡶⣶⠖⣶⠶⡶⠶⠶⡦⣤⣤⢤⣤⡤⢄⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣇⠘⠛⠀⣸⣴⣾⣴⣿⣼⣵⣴⣧⣼⣧⣿⣦⣧⣴⣾⣿⣿⣼⣽⣯⣦⣼⣴⣮⣦⡀⠀⠀⠰⠼⣴⣿⣼⣧⣾⣼⣤⣿⣼⣧⣶⣦⣶⣼⣴⣦⣧⣿⣼⣥⣶⣤⣯⣾⣷⣼⣠⣯⣧⣶⣼⣼⣿⠷⠖⠀⠀⢨⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣼⣬⣼⣿⣿⣵⣇⣧⣼⣼⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⢻⠛⠿⢿⢿⢿⠟⢿⢿⣿⣿⣛⡿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⢿⢿⡛⡟⡿⣻⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡷⢿⣷⡷⢷⣾⣾⣾⣷⢷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⢾⣿⣿⢿⣾⣿⣶⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 165 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/decentralisation-urgently-needed/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/decentralisation-urgently-needed/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Hacking_to_Redecentralise_the_Internet⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software at 4:16 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 1825ed2475044e4d1fd8fc2faaf1d883 Redecentralising the Net Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/redecentralising.webm Summary: Hacking (as in coding) to help promote a decentralisation agenda is worthwhile and increasingly necessary; no, not all that crank and buff stuff about “crypto” but simply making a lot more domains and server instances (i.e. the opposite of clown_computing) THE subject of software freedom is very important to us. But as Internet freedom erodes rapidly (even more so after the invasion of Ukraine; both sides of the war or either side in the conflict already resorted to attacking the Internet in the name of “security”) we need to reassess some priorities. Software freedom and Internet_freedom are mutually connected; it’s difficult to have one without the other. Remember how projects interact (e.g. Freenode until it abandoned freedom and banned_a_lot_of_people/projects) and how people nowadays collaborate on code/projects… “Git, for example, is something that needs to be redecentralised for the sake of software freedom.”The video above speaks of redecentralising (“re” because the Internet used to be a lot more decentralised or distributed; we need to get back to that in order to advance the freedom of Internet users). We don’t limit ourselves to the World Wide Web; Git, for example, is something that needs to be redecentralised for the sake of software freedom. Forget about brands. Stop hopping from one brand to another. Focus on the underlying ideas and general concepts. Build things, assemble things, deploy things. Just opening an account in someone else’s turf is a short-sighted move; that someone doesn’t care about your systems and your data as much as you do. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GAFAM_will_manage_it_'for_you'...⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇It's_in_'the_clown'_somewhere...⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Github.com_and_Gitlab.com⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Yours_vs_Theirs⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Physical_access⦈_ ⠀⢀⣀⣀⢘⣐⣀⣿⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⡟⣴⣿⣯⣿⣿⣬⣼⣫⣤⣤⣽⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣦⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣲⣀⣠⣈⣾⣿⣷⣴⣿⣿⣧⣿⣧⣻⣻⣽⣸⣟⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⢰⣈⡇⠀⢸⡇⠰⡟⢀⠸⡇⠀⠇⠀⡷⡇⠸⠀⠇⢰⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣗⣿⠀⠸⠀⢸⠃⡀⢿⠀⠃⢸⠀⡀⣿⠀⣆⣹⠀⠶⣯⡇⢸⡆⢰⡟⣇⡇⠠⢾⠀⡆⢹⠀⠆⢸⣿⡀⠁⡎⢰⠀⠇⠀⠀⢠⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠰⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢰⡇⢘⠀⡇⢀⢠⠀⣿⡇⠀⣀⠀⢸⠀⡇⠀⢿⠀⢿⣻⠀⡄⡄⢸⠀⡃⢸⠀⡀⢸⠀⡁⢸⠀⠆⢸⠀⠶⣾⡇⢸⡇⢸⣧⣷⡇⢰⣾⠀⠇⢸⠀⡆⢸⢿⡇⢸⡇⠸⠀⣄⠀⠀⡀⠠⢴⢦⢄⠀ ⢀⠉⠒⢐⠖⠜⠐⣷⣺⣓⣾⢲⣷⣾⣞⢶⣿⢿⣲⣿⣶⣾⣖⣳⣲⣾⣰⣾⢽⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣦⣷⣾⣶⣗⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣓⣾⠉⣗⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⢸⣷⡞⠉⣶⠺⠉⠑⠂⠁⠀⠚⣾⠊⠀ ⠘⠀⠀⠘⡀⠀⠘⡻⢧⢇⣿⣸⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣱⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣟⣿⡿⣯⣽⢿⣿⣿⢿⣟⣻⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠴⣟⡏⣾⡿⣿⣿⡿⣟⢤⢃⢦⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠎⠀ ⢠⡄⠐⠀⡉⡃⠈⢁⢺⢀⡏⣾⣿⠀⣟⢫⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣲⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣯⢣⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣇⣇⠧⠈⠀⠀⢺⡇⠤⠀⠀⠠⢅⠠⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⠀⡀⠱⠻⠦⢨⠸⢢⣿⣿⠀⣿⣻⣽⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣠⣿⣷⣷⣿⣺⣹⣷⣿⣯⣽⡿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢻⡿⡽⣽⣿⣇⣿⣶⢿⣿⣟⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⢹⢇⠀⠀⡘⠸⣹⠀⠀⢮⡄⣿⠂⠈ ⣆⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠴⢴⣶⠘⡄⣿⣿⣏⣻⣼⢨⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢿⣿⣿⡷⢿⠒⠻⣿⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣷⡿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡦⡦⡀⠀⡆⠸⡄⠀⠸⡃⠰⠄⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠘⠀⡀⢈⠳⠮⡎⢁⠹⣾⢫⢿⠮⠊⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢷⣿⡓⡗⣽⣿⣷⣇⣯⣟⣯⣏⣹⣷⣟⡏⢇⣿⡞⣟⣿⣿⢸⣿⡻⢸⠓⠁⢐⠀⡇⣴⠃⠀⠀⣷⣸⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⢰⠸⠀⢨⠲⡷⢨⡙⢸⡝⣯⠀⣷⡀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣟⣝⣻⣿⡟⢫⣿⣿⣛⣻⣛⣏⣯⣿⣽⣿⡿⠿⣋⣿⣿⣃⣡⣼⣽⡏⢭⣩⣩⡛⣿⡯⣿⣿⣻⣳⣿⣿⢿⣿⡖⣤⠈⡸⠀⠀⠇⢨⠔⠀⠀⣿⡜⡀⠀ ⠛⠀⠸⠰⠀⠀⢿⣮⣞⠀⠲⠍⣵⣆⠘⢳⢠⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣭⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⡯⢼⣿⣾⣯⣼⣽⣾⣷⣿⡟⢺⣯⣟⣿⡿⣿⢾⣿⢘⠿⠁⠀⡇⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠇⢠ ⠩⠀⡞⠲⡄⠄⢸⣟⡃⣀⠀⡇⢩⡫⡀⣷⡋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣟⢁⣿⣿⣯⣟⣳⣜⣽⣯⣭⣯⣆⣠⣾⡄⣀⡀⠀⠡⣷⣩⣧⡿⣿⢿⣿⣩⣽⣿⡕⣻⣿⣸⡇⣇⣧⣸⡿⣾⠀⡀⠀⡇⡐⠁⠀⢠⣠⡼⠙⡱⠀⠀ ⡁⠐⠀⣿⡁⠅⢹⣿⡇⡖⠜⠃⣾⡘⠙⢍⠴⣜⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢾⣻⡿⢻⡟⡿⣟⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣐⣤⠛⢛⢿⣻⢻⢻⢻⣿⠿⣣⠿⠺⣾⣿⢻⣻⠟⣿⣿⣇⣏⣢⣇⢰⠟⣄⡔⠈⢰⡏⡠⠀⡰⠸⠨ ⠄⢸⠆⠘⢳⣧⢿⣸⡅⢵⣠⢔⡏⡷⢀⣄⡯⣨⣿⣿⣿⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣻⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣬⣉⡥⠴⣽⠿⣷⡞⣉⣯⣯⣨⣾⣵⣇⡴⡄⣟⣾⣿⣙⣝⢔⣿⣿⣿⢴⢻⡫⡚⡨⢇⣄⢀⠎⠲⠀⣀⡣⡇⠐ ⠀⠹⢅⢫⢰⣾⣾⡿⡃⢺⣿⢸⡇⡄⠠⡟⣙⣜⢿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠘⣷⣿⢿⣶⣵⡗⠡⠃⢿⠍⡽⣿⢧⣹⡟⢹⣽⡴⣼⣷⣟⣿⣟⡞⠼⣿⣹⣞⣸⣶⠠⠳⠀⣱⣫⡆⡅⠀⠄⣨⡅⠀ ⠀⣸⡀⠱⣾⢍⣿⡿⡧⢟⣉⡪⢳⡗⢛⠇⠀⢼⣯⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⣿⡿⢿⣗⣿⡏⣄⢼⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⡦⣾⡿⠞⣿⣿⢨⣿⣬⣿⢻⣿⣎⣏⡇⣀⠠⢲⢞⠕⠃⣀⠔⠀⣟⠅⠀ ⠄⣍⠆⠢⢻⣾⣽⣿⡇⢠⡻⣿⡞⣷⡉⡅⠐⡳⣿⣎⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⢯⣿⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣶⣤⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⡷⣹⡻⢻⣹⣉⣿⣋⣟⣿⣫⣷⣸⣿⡾⣹⠏⠍⢹⣿⣿⢘⣗⡇⢰⡭⠔⡜⢴⠇⠈⠀⢠⠏⡀⠀ ⣦⣿⣦⣦⡜⢽⣿⣿⣿⣧⡻⢻⣂⠣⠷⠷⠀⡷⣿⣿⡸⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠋⢁⡿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠉⠛⢷⣶⡾⢿⡿⢻⡺⣵⣿⡟⣐⠷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⡽⣿⣶⡉⣜⠀⣅⢨⠆⠠⠀⠜⠜⠃⠀ ⣇⠉⠐⢙⢁⡜⣿⣿⡟⡸⠛⠸⠟⠠⡘⡾⡀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⣿⢿⢞⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⠷⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⣵⣷⣷⣾⣾⣯⣽⡪⣿⢺⠅⡍⡼⢼⣿⣿⡽⢻⢇⣼⢻⣀⣆⡄⠀⠀⠀⢧⠠⢃⠀ ⢱⡄⡖⠞⠉⠏⠘⡟⠁⢀⠔⢄⠀⠀⢈⣏⢦⣸⣿⣿⢥⣻⣷⣹⣿⣷⢛⣟⣅⣿⣿⣿⠞⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡛⡛⡯⠛⣿⣏⠛⠡⢣⠄⡦⠽⡳⠊⡜⠿⣿⠑⣚⡕⢘⡋⢽⠈⠇⣆⡔⡀⡀⠀⡀⠀ ⢽⡁⠁⢈⡂⣀⣀⡇⢆⢂⣂⠈⠲⠐⣇⠾⠄⣨⢭⢭⣿⣿⣷⢿⢿⢻⡛⢿⢿⠫⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣷⡰⣿⣷⡷⣶⣰⣂⡴⢋⣲⣁⣈⣻⣟⣫⠻⠚⠀⢨⠊⠈⠁⠀⠈⠣⠥⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠨⠘⡖⠘⠇⢯⠇⡷⣰⡞⣛⠃⢀⡍⣝⢀⢸⠁⣯⣻⣿⣿⣭⢷⣿⣧⣯⣧⣔⣻⣶⣡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢋⢁⣩⣋⠙⢌⠀⢠⢅⡮⠀⠀⠁⢸⣿⠧⢿⡿⠀⠠⠀⠄⢠⡉⠠⣠⠀⠐⠀⠀⡀ ⠀⠁⡃⠀⠀⠈⢄⡂⠀⢠⠁⠀⠀⠠⣀⠀⠚⣆⡑⣿⣿⣿⣽⣷⢯⣿⣿⠿⢿⣭⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⠈⡡⡂⠙⠓⠐⠀⢤⠧⡕⠀⠀⠢⡹⣿⣲⠒⠶⣰⠀⡀⠀⠸⠘⠚⠲⢷⡤⠀⠤⠶⠥ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⢀⠀⣀⢾⡭⠀⠀⠔⠝⠀⢸⡡⠔⢹⣔⣿⣻⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⡄⠉⠉⠉⠀⠂⠉⢉⣀⣀⣀⣤⢀⣾⠟⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢼⣦⢄⠉⠤⣄⠁⡔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⠂⠄⠶⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣨⣭⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀⣹⣿⣿⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣏⡩⠪⠕⠗⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠉⠏⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣦⣦ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣦⣄⡀⠚⠻⢷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢶⣶⠶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡄⣄⡀⢀⣤⣤⣄⡀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⠿ ⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡿⣾⣦⣶⣵⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣟⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣮⣿⣻⣿⣿⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣽⣆⡠⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⡀⢠⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠉⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⢻⡿⣝⢻⡏⠣⠀⠛⠙⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣭⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣇⣻⣏⢂⡗⣻⡄⣏⠯⠩⢒⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣠⣦⣄⢀⢠⣤⡄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⣷⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣾⣏⣹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡏⡏⠵⢾⣿⣧⢼⡀⢳⣇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣽⡝⡟⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣽⣶⣭⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣺⢹⣏⡧⠤⢰⡆⣯⠟⠨⠘⡧⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡇⣟⣿⣷⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⠻⣿⡏⠉⡏⠉⠇⠀⡏⡡⢹⣿⣿⡷⠀⠨⠇⠦⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣊⣾⢛⠀⣋⡽⣃⠀⢸⡒⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡀⣧⢳⣝⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⣴⠀⢰⣦⢤⠀⠓⠶⣿⣷⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⣿⠹⢿⡷⣿⠠⠀⣞⠃⡴⣄⠄⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⢿⠾⠀⣒⣑⣹⠀⣾⡿⢳ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣽⡅⣟⢸⣿⣿⣿⡛⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⣽⢹⠉⠠⠀⢹⣿⠀⢸⠀⢠⠀⢸⣹⣬⡑⣿⠉⣟⡋⡇⠁⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢭⣭⠀⣲⢿⢂⠀⠲⣋⠼ ⣧⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣷⣷⣿⣺⣻⣿⣿⣇⢻⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣦⢬⡿⠎⣷⣤⣶⣿⣿⣶⣯⣹⡿⠿⡽⠿⡿⠛⡟⠲⡗⢲⠉⡮⢜⠇⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡚⡯⠘⠀⣬⣽⡼ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⢾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡿⠿⠾⢿⠿⢿⠛⠛⢻⣼⡟⠉⡉⢻⠉⢹⣿⠁⢀⠀⠇⠀⡇⠀⠇⠀⡇⠀⠁⠘⣶⢷⣶⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢅⡀⢆⠀⠀⡐⠒ ⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢽⣿⣿⣿⣇⢠⡄⠀⣤⡆⠘⠀⢸⡀⠐⢻⠶⡇⠀⣧⣤⡆⠀⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⡀⠀⡟⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣍⢄⡂⠂⠠⠄⠃ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣷⡽⢽⠟⣿⣷⠀⢸⡇⠀⡄⠀⡇⠀⠾⡄⢇⠀⠇⠀⡇⠀⠋⣄⡈⣀⣼⢆⣀⣼⣤⣤⡿⠤⡷⡖⡃⢀⣋⣆⠀⢈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⣀⢺⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⢼⢸⣿⣷⡞⣶⢻⣿⣀⣸⣇⣠⣧⣤⣧⣤⡔⠃⡜⣳⣖⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢽⠧⢰⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠙⢯⠉⢉⣣⣾⢽⡇⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣧⢺⣽⣧⣿⡷⠵⠾⣿⠟⠛⠻⡟⠛⢻⠉⠉⡏⠉⣁⡄⠸⠀⠀⡇⠀⡀⠸⠀⢸⠀⠘⢻⠀⠘⠀⢼⠀⢈⡹⠈⣿⠁⠗⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣧⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⡿⣷⣿⣷⣽⣣⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀⢇⠏⣾⠼⣾⣿⢻⠛⠛⠀⠁⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠖⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣸⡇⠒⠒⠻⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⢹⡇⠠⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡇⠘⣤⣲⢿⣿⠳⡮⢥⣒⣤⠤⠴⠶⠶⢀⣐⣒⣒⣚⣊⣇⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠁⠘⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣇⣔⡾⠑⣎⠈⡆⠸⠁⠊⠝⣲⣦⣌⡉⠁⠈⡉⠉⠑⢲⠀⣁ ⣧⣴⣿⣿⣶⣔⣻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡃⢻⣿⣤⣤⣤⣴⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⡾⠇⢸⠿⢰⣾⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣁⣴⢓⣹⣧⣯⠤⠈⢀⣀⣈⡉⠿⠷⢿⠶⢦⣬⣍⣑⣪ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣀⣿⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢟⡾⢭⣽⠋⢀⡿⡓⣆⣉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡰⠋⢕⣵⠮⡫ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠻⠦⠉⠻⡯⣿⣿⡿⢿⡠⠎⣗⣱⣟⣏⡂⠀⠉⣦⢤⡬⡭⠖⢊⣰⢧⣾⠿⡗⠉⠐ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣻⢟⡻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠹⢻⣳⣿⠛⣰⣰⠟⡇⠀⡟⠠⠀⠢⡀⣤⡿⢯⣄⣠⣯⠉⠁⠀⡡⠒⠏ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⣻⣫⢿⡯⢳⠀⠀⠈⠉⠓⡗⢺⣿⢽⣴⣟⣽⢵⢓⠞⡏⠉⠐⣹⣋⠝⣿⠯⠐⣹⣷⠶⣊⡸⠀⡸⠂ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡝⡟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣟⡛⡿⣿⣙⣆⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣋⣴⠊⡞⠈⣼⠡⣼⠀⠀⠠⠀⢰⢣⢻⡸⢻⠀⣧⣿⠽⣻⡲⡯⢥⣿⣷⣱⣮⣽⡶⣿⠏⠀⠀⡔⡩⢺⠥⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣗⣝⣎⠿⣿⠿⣷⣿⣤⣭⣿⣦⠻⠻⣿⡻⣻⣷⣿⣷⣫⣻⣧⣼⣴⣾⣧⡀⡇⣄⣠⠀⢀⠜⣁⠏⡇⢸⡤⣿⣇⢧⣿⣇⣯⣴⣿⡷⣿⣫⢹⡴⡽⠂⣡⡞⠐⠇⠂⢀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣤⣿⣿⣿⣯⢹⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣯⣿⣭⣿⣾⣯⣆⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢟⣿⣭⢹⡇⠈⢻⣷⢌⠀⢻⡸⢿⣜⢁⢿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣯⡖⢻⣿⣻⠛⢻⢳⣷⠟⠉⠀⢰⡌⣂⡂⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⡡⠵⠿⢽⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢼⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣷⡶⠾⠷⢦⣬⠤⠾⠤⣼⠧⠮⣿⠿⠿⣿⢟⡽⡹⣧⣀⡝⣿⣤⣇⣾⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⡞⣄⢄⠀⠀ ⡿⣿⣿⢽⣜⣯⡿⣛⣻⠯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⠃⠀⣆⣀⡇⠀⢰⡆⠀⢴⡇⠀⠇⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⡆⠀⣿⢿⠁⢠⡆⠀⡇⠀⡆⠀⢹⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⡟⠉⠉⠡⢟⣎⢧⣽⣿⡛⣧⠇⣀⡀⠤⠂⢱⠎⠀⠀⠈ ⡑⣾⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣯⣽⣿⠿⢟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣸⢸⠀⠀⡉⠉⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⡄⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⡄⠈⣿⣿⠀⢨⡟⠛⡇⠀⡗⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣷⠐⠒⠚⢺⡾⢟⢹⢫⢻⡿⣒⡲⠂⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣟⣻⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣲⣼⣉⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⢿⣼⣆⡀⣁⣀⣇⣀⣸⣇⣀⣸⣇⣀⣇⣀⣸⣄⡈⢀⣸⣇⣀⣁⣀⣏⣹⣆⡀⢁⣠⣧⣀⠁⣀⣾⣀⣸⣀⣇⣀⡟⣆⠤⠪⢽⢸⠸⢧⣗⣻⡿⣿⣦⠑⢠⡓⠰⡄⣀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣸⣿⡙⣿⣿⣿⣾⣋⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⢿⣿⡏⡉⠭⠽⣻⣻⣟⡣⣿⢿⣯⠻⣿⢰⣿⡏⣻⢼⠙⣿⡿⠛⠉⢺⣎⠄⢠⡜⡄⠀⢧⢹⠱⣸⣿⣳⡭⣉⠀⢠⡍⢙⣳ ⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣧⡇⢿⣿⡧⣿⣵⣋⡭⣹⣽⣞⢿⣿⡿⣞⢿⣿⡻⣟⣛⡇⠹⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢡⡇⢿⢿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢱⣽⢾⢫⣻⣷⠊⢠⡭⢻⣅⢸⡇⡄⡜⠀⣿⡤⢸⣼⡛⣷⡄⠀⠐⠒⠭⣽ ⣿⣷⣷⣤⣻⣿⣿⣼⣼⣿⡟⠟⣿⣿⣏⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣷⡽⡙⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣯⡄⢠⣷⣼⣶⣶⢰⣿⣼⡤⡗⢣⢈⡿⢸⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣌⢟⣵⡼⣷⠸⠂⡟⠀⠀⢻⣣⠈⡟⣿⠽⡇⣶⣬⡤⢀⣟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣏⡿⢿⣳⣠⣿⣿⡏⠅⢸⣿⣿⡙⡏⣹⣿⣿⣿⠗⣁⢏⣻⡽⡺⣾⡛⢻⣿⣿⣷⡈⠟⡿⠙⠂⠈⠟⡿⣸⣇⣾⠋⠁⢩⡟⣿⡺⣸⡏⣿⣿⠕⠀⣇⡦⡏⡇⠀⠀⡸⡇⣾⢠⢹⡄⣧⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿ ⣿⢿⣿⣿⠟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣮⡻⣿⡉⣿⡗⡀⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⢿⣿⣿⢿⣫⣷⣝⡮⠝⣷⡀⠉⠛⢹⣗⣕⠁⠀⢡⡆⠀⣜⠀⠘⣿⢣⡙⠀⢦⢸⣧⣿⡁⢰⣿⣿⠈⢧⣌⡟⠀⡧⠀⠀⠀⠇⣻⣎⢧⢸⡿⡹⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟ ⡿⠙⢿⣯⡭⣧⣿⡈⡍⢿⣿⣽⣷⣿⢩⠄⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⡿⢿⠋⢱⣢⠜⣶⣽⣿⣿⡷⣿⠛⠻⡓⣦⠘⣷⡀⣿⣶⣢⢯⢸⣯⠀⢸⣾⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣌⡵⠯⣎⣷⡶⡷⣦⣤⣴⡶⣿⣷⣶⣳⡗⡓⠒⣀⡒⠒⣳ ⣇⣿⢿⣷⣟⣿⣿⢷⠷⠯⣯⣿⣿⣿⡶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣼⡇⡇⣈⣆⢟⡾⣰⢿⡟⠛⠛⠻⣯⣉⠋⢛⢦⣧⡯⡁⡟⣉⡇⢸⠀⡝⠁⠟⣽⣿⣟⡟⢿⣿⣿⣶⣾⠿⠶⣶⣛⠉⠭⠽⢍⠯⠙⣧⠼⢧⠶⠶⠀⠰⠷⠺ ⣧⣿⡿⣫⣿⣯⣹⣏⣿⣭⣯⣧⣼⣿⣷⡂⡿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣗⠛⣝⡲⡯⣀⣟⡆⠀⢰⣈⣙⡳⢮⣿⣹⣷⠀⢑⣟⢩⢺⠂⠈⢀⣧⢹⢻⣿⣿⣼⡿⣿⡟⡀⠄⠒⠲⠈⠉⠉⢖⣿⠊⠉⠸⠀⣘⡎⠀⣀⢠⠒⠀ ⡇⣱⠛⣟⠛⡿⣸⣇⠙⡿⡿⢻⢿⣿⣯⣿⣧⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣺⠛⡏⡭⢯⡯⢉⠉⠏⠁⢡⠀⠈⢨⠉⣿⡷⡎⢸⠺⢸⠀⠁⠀⣿⣾⣎⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡑⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⣀⡜⡟⠋⠲⡂⢰⠋⢁⣏⡁⠄⢂⡠⠐ ⠰⣏⣍⡯⢍⡰⡏⣯⡄⣽⣿⣿⣿⡏⣷⣧⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣯⣯⡝⣸⢹⣀⡄⢧⣾⡸⢑⡄⠁⠀⢰⢸⣀⣿⡟⡙⡄⡰⣸⠱⠢⢜⣩⣧⣿⣽⣿⢸⣸⣋⣀⣩⣽⣕⣗⠯⢵⣏⣜⡊⠉⢉⢏⣀⣰⣀⡄⠂⣁⣠⣤ ⠀⠋⡄⡏⠃⠀⣧⢇⣻⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⢿⣿⣽⡟⣻⣾⢹⣿⡷⣁⣿⢸⣿⣷⣸⣿⡷⡾⡂⢠⡀⡘⣆⣿⣿⣼⣿⣘⣌⣇⠀⠲⢒⣯⣾⣷⠟⢻⣗⣀⠀⡦⠄⣍⣩⣛⢳⢯⣭⣶⣳⣚⠿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣛⣛⣿⣿ ⡄⡌⣱⢰⡀⠀⣻⡞⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡼⣷⣿⣿⣮⢿⣿⣟⣹⡟⡛⢿⡏⣿⡧⡹⣷⣃⣷⣸⡄⡇⣇⢾⣧⣟⣿⣴⢷⢿⢲⠘⠀⢠⢴⣽⣿⡶⣖⠻⣫⠂⣀⡯⣪⢩⡭⠶⣤⣽⣿⣿⣋⣙⣛⠯⠽⠑⠛⠛⠻⢾ ⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⢽⢷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⠃⢻⣿⣿⡿⣦⣿⣧⣿⣿⣱⢺⢿⡷⣷⢷⡿⠿⣾⡦⣣⢯⣟⣾⢻⢻⣽⣽⢿⠀⡸⠱⡠⠈⣿⣷⢞⣍⢝⢹⣿⣿⣻⡟⣯⡏⠄⠉⠉⠈⠋⡮⢟⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠐⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢽⡞⢀⢸⣿⣿⣷⡎⣻⡿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣷⣙⢻⡧⣰⣿⣧⣾⣯⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⡏⡟⠀⢯⢄⣧⣦⣸⢳⣾⣟⡾⣿⣿⢷⢣⣷⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠘⣌⡄⠏⠋⠍⡉⠀⠀⢀⡸ ⡸⡉⠘⡗⣧⡘⠘⡜⣏⡉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⢸⡿⣿⣿⡑⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣹⣻⣷⣿⣾⣻⣷⣿⣯⠇⢻⠈⢦⡷⣿⣽⣻⣷⠀⠈⢸⣿⠇⣝⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢀⣀⣰⣹⣀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠋⠀⠃ ⠿⢷⡶⡿⡶⢦⠆⡏⢿⣷⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡰⣿⡇⣿⣿⣯⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⣟⣻⣯⡍⠿⣍⣿⠿⣷⣸⣨⣺⡿⣽⣿⡏⠏⡄⠸⠁⡈⣾⢹⣿⡏⣿⢻⢹⣿⣾⡟⢸⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⡄⠘⠙⠛⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡌⠀ ⣤⣥⣽⣷⢳⣺⡂⣇⣸⠿⡻⣿⡞⡹⣿⣿⡇⣧⣧⢻⣞⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⢻⢀⣿⣯⠉⡻⡝⢧⣻⣟⢢⠯⢬⣽⣏⠛⢸⣠⣸⣵⡣⠤⡼⡿⢺⢿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣧⡟⣿⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⢀⢡⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀ ⠉⡐⠀⠐⡙⣿⡆⡇⢸⢸⠡⢹⣿⡗⠻⣿⣱⡿⣟⡈⣿⢻⣿⡏⡟⣿⡿⠻⡿⣏⡌⣧⡥⣹⢾⡿⣹⢈⣅⣼⢴⡒⣿⡏⠀⢇⠣⡠⡇⣧⡿⢸⣿⣿⠿⣼⣷⣿⣧⠹⠑⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⡰⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠂⢸⣷⡸⣶⠀⠈⡆⠀⢗⢿⣿⣴⣻⣂⡷⣩⡄⣿⣷⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⠜⣾⡯⡆⢑⡞⢿⢻⡏⣻⠍⠀⡦⡄⣿⣿⣧⣀⡇⠐⡷⣰⣽⡇⢹⢿⣿⡷⢿⣿⣿⣎⡄⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⡰⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⡂⠀⠀⠀⢹⡷⠘⣦⠈⣣⡂⠘⣼⡏⣿⠆⠘⢇⣻⣥⣼⣠⣿⣯⢸⣿⣿⢽⢗⢠⢣⠓⣁⡯⣾⣏⠟⢖⢻⠳⢰⢿⡿⣧⠈⡇⡠⢻⣿⢹⠳⣾⣺⣿⣀⢾⣿⣿⡰⡇⢀⠃⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠇⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢢⡀⠀⠀⢸⠰⣱⣹⡆⡸⡈⣜⣿⡕⣿⠄⢱⡇⢻⢮⢾⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⢽⣁⣦⣳⢇⡥⣰⢳⣿⣷⣖⠀⣿⠔⢉⢸⣣⣘⣗⠓⢓⠡⡹⣼⣱⣟⣾⣿⣇⣿⡟⣭⣷⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠢⡥⢦⣗⣺⣿⢀⡔⣗⢃⢟⢿⡧⡟⡀⢸⣿⢸⢕⡻⣿⣿⣿⡇⡿⣾⡉⡵⠛⣶⣷⡿⢿⣧⣏⣏⣰⠁⠘⠛⢸⣯⠂⠀⠄⢸⡆⡼⣹⢓⣿⣯⣜⣿⡿⣹⡟⣽⡄⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣢⠽⠯⡻⡿⣿⣞⣲⠸⢯⣟⢺⡟⡃⠀⡸⡈⢾⡴⠓⣿⣱⣿⠩⠛⢿⢿⢶⣦⡛⣿⠂⢸⡇⡈⣿⡟⡆⢊⢸⢸⡿⣼⠀⢰⠀⢽⢰⢿⣿⣿⢳⣹⣿⡿⣽⡇⣩⢰⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠏⠀⡀⠫⣧⣇⡚⡚⢅⡄⠹⣮⣧⠐⢸⠈⢱⡚⠚⠏⣿⣷⣿⣷⣖⡡⡴⡉⢜⢊⡯⣽⣏⣿⢹⣧⠷⠃⡀⢀⣟⣿⡎⠉⠚⠊⠤⡯⠥⣿⣿⣿⡻⢿⣿⣽⡟⣼⠌⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢅⣀⡉⡀⠀⡟⠝⡳⣇⠀⠛⠳⣏⣿⡒⠤⣧⣬⣧⣨⣱⣿⢾⡿⣿⠉⠠⣇⣯⠟⢼⣿⣧⣏⠇⣈⣿⢠⠁⢁⣾⡟⢽⣷⡀⡀⠁⢐⡃⡴⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠙⡟⡉⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢾⣿⣩⠔⠶⣞⠻⡿⢆⠐⢀⢚⡿⠑⠲⣓⣗⢺⠟⠉⠉⠻⡏⠉⡏⠉⠉⠉⡏⠉⣷⣿⠉⠉⢻⡏⠉⠘⠛⣾⡧⡜⠋⡉⠓⣴⠛⢉⠙⢿⠉⠉⢻⠉⠁⣾⡋⠘⠢⡀⠀⠃⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⠹⠿⢏⡀⣀⠙⠷⡜⢂⠀⠈⠘⣿⣦⠀⣸⡿⣼⠀⢸⠧⠤⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣧⡏⠀⡄⢸⡇⠀⠃⢀⣿⣾⡇⠀⣇⣀⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⣿⣷⡠⠊⠁⡌⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠆⢦⠂⠀⠀⠂⠐⢈⠘⣾⠈⡀⠀⢻⡤⠓⣿⡐⢸⠀⢸⡆⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠃⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⢹⢿⡇⠀⡏⠉⣷⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⣯⣎⡠⠀⢠⠈⡔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⢀⠀⠀⡀⡆⠀⢸⢀⡈⢂⢁⠀⢸⣷⠇⡇⡍⠺⣧⢤⣴⠤⡧⠤⣿⣧⣤⡿⣧⣤⡤⣤⠤⡧⠤⠧⡤⠤⠤⢧⣤⢷⣤⡤⠴⠿⢦⢤⢤⢾⣤⣼⡤⠦⠤⠟⡄⠀⠀⠆⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⠀⠆⠀⢨⢧⣆⠸⠘⠀⢠⠞⣻⣽⣿⣔⣁⠃⠀⠹⣻⣷⡓⠶⠴⣟⣿⡯⢄⣪⣽⣫⡅⠀⣧⠂⠁⠞⠶⡾⡞⣏⢿⣈⢷⣄⣀⢸⢓⡄⠀⢞⡧⠷⣶⣐⣘⣇⣠⠞⠁⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡼⠄⠂⠀⡱⡂⠈⠣⡂⢤⡇⠪⢻⣯⢸⣿⣿⡘⠀⢀⢟⢻⣇⠂⢠⠟⣠⢪⣉⢽⡙⣼⣱⡟⡇⠀⡔⢬⠖⡟⢏⣱⠊⢣⠈⡏⡊⡿⣸⡿⣦⣊⣿⠼⠄⠛⣿⣵⣺⣶⣴⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣁⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀ ⡦⡤⡑⣡⠄⠨⠧⠥⠀⠘⢷⣾⣸⣸⣷⣿⣿⣧⡤⠊⠀⠀⡴⡹⢓⡖⠻⣮⢣⢣⣺⡽⠫⡄⠇⢠⡇⢀⢼⣾⣯⡸⠀⠂⠵⡘⢶⣇⣢⡁⣩⢂⠕⡞⣚⠼⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠃⠈⢞⡏⣖⣢⣾⣥⣖⡀⠀⠍⢛⠛⠋⢁⣴⣿⣷⣓⣄⠀⡈⠙⣂⢁⢀⢋⡿⡫⢮⠈⣦⡨⣼⣚⣁⡾⢺⣽⣿⣇⡁⠚⠚⣡⣜⣟⣿⣃⠪⣦⣧⣽⢃⡢⢡⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⣲⣳⡾⢖⣤⣤⣮⣼⣿⠷⣯⣼⣤⣉⢨⢾⠫⡟⡧⣷⣭⣇⣁⣴⡬⣷⡞⣡⣾⣤⣾⣷⡟⣡⣟⣿⣹⣢⣿⣿⣟⣻⢷⣷⣥⣸⡿⣿⢾⣹⣲⡕⢣⣿⢾⣿⣼⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿ ⣿⢟⣵⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⢆⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢰⣥⣧⣟⣬⣾⠻⣿⢏⡹⢨⣬⡝⣯⣿⣏⣭⡷⣿⣸⢾⢳⣿⡟⠿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣟⡉⢯⣿⣿⡿⢍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣉⣋⣩⣦⡜⢟⣧⡽⣶⣿⣿⡿⣿⣦⣾⣯⣝⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣻⢿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠄⠤⠤⡄⠀⠀⠈⢭⣁⣩⣭⣿⡟⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢃⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⣩⣭⣭⣭⣿⣛⣽⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣷⣾⣿⣭⡟⣿⠷⠾⠦⠼⡴⣲⣿⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⠋⣽⠟⣾⠒⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⠻⣶⢟⣶⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠟⣿⠿⣿⡛⣛⣟⣛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣲⣾⣥⣤⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣻⣇⠠⠞⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢈⠙⢋⠟⡛⣋⣩⣭⣿⡄⠰⢟⣿⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⡋⣛⣛⣛⢛⣙⣋⢋⣉⢻⣿⡤⣾⡽⣼⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⢛⠙⢻⠿⠿⣿⣽⢻⣟⣿⣽⢯⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣭⣿⣧⡔⠓⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠈⣭⡌⣭⣭⣭⣥⣽⣧⠐⠛⣧⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡅⠤⢘⠿⠛⢛⣻⣙⣙⣣⣻⣷⡊⣽⡏⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠓⠒⣻⣧⣧⣤⣍⢫⣿⣻⣾⡿⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣻⣍⣿⣷⣦⡚⣾⡁⢱⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣆⠌⠋⠩⡁⠄⠣⢀⠺⡠⠀⠂⠄⣉⣉⣉⣩⣭⣩⣭⣽⣾⢿⣧⢱⠁⠀⠀⠠⠘⠃⡄⠓⢍⠛⣛⡲⢾⡿⡷⠶⡄⡦⢾⣷⠔⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣭⣭⣿⣯⣿⣷⣽⣿⢺⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣯⣅⠆⠀⢩⣥⢨⣭⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠙⠻⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢨⣭⠀⣭⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⢗⣐⢿⣌⣿⣷⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⠀⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣧⡀⢸⡉⠈⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⠉⠈⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠚⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠒⠂⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⡤⣤⠤⠤⠼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸ ⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠂⠀⢠⢎⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣻⣏⣵⣹⣇⠀⠀⠐⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢤⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣒⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡀⡛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡿⣿⡽⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⡭⢭⠅⡀⣀⣹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣇⣀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠼⣭⣭⣥⣤⣶⣴⣦⣶⣶⣖⢀⠀⣀⡈⠀⢸⢈⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣻⠻⡇⠀⠀⡈⠀⣀⢨⡟⣿⣯⣯⣴⣾⣿⣾⣟⡟⠻⠓⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢤⣖⣠⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣨⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣧⠨⠃⢂⣄⡀⢐⢰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢿⣏⡇⠀⠀⣌⠈⢉⠀⠛⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣧⣤⣬⡽⣒⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⡒⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡔⣛⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⠀⠘⢋⠀⠈⢴⢹⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣼⠃⠀⠀⠦⠠⠈⣷⣧⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡍⢉⣿⣫⣠⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠠⣸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠐⣂⠐⠀⠀⢈⠀⢀⢁⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⡃⠀⠀⢘⣸⡄⢸⠀⡇⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠦⡑⣿⠂⠀⠐⠅⠈⠃⠛⣿⣿⣿⣶⣻⣿⣟⢿⠻⡯⣁⣹⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢂⠨⢻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡶⢶⠶⢄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢦⡼⠿⢢⠀⢘⢺⣧⣼⣦⣴⣷⣤⣾⣤⣤⢧⣥⣿⡀⠀⢈⡁⢀⣲⣴⣿⣿⣯⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡫⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢑⣀⣼ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡁⣻⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⢦⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡽⡐⣶⣿⠀⢼⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣴⠀⢠⡐⠐⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣯⣷⣾⡿⡟⣿⠒⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⠅⣔⣿⣻ ⢹⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⣿⣾⣿⡆⠀⠂⠀⢀⢼⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⢰⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⠂⢸⣿⣆⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠥⣿⠿⢾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⠐⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣿⣿⡷⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢠⣨⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠀⢹⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣺⠂⢸⣿⣽⣿⣷⠀⣾⢘⠀⡇⣺⠀⡇⡂⢤⡘⢺⡇⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠟⢷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠨⢙⢗⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡏⠀⣸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣤⣿⣼⠤⢧⣭⣤⣧⣧⣴⣬⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣯⠟⠁⣰⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⡉⢠⣺⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⡀⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⡻⣛⣿⣿⠭⡏⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣧⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⣀⣾⣭⣽⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡏⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢈⣩⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⢿⣿⢻⣿⢨⢃⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣁⣤⣠⣬⣤⣴⠇⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⣪⣯⣭⣭⣽⠿⢺⢷⠒⠀⢀⢀⣸⣿⣹⣿⠋⠙⢯⣽ ⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⡿⡧⣄⠀⡀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⢿⣿⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠸⣇⣿⡇⣿⡿⠛⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠺⠦⣔⠄⡏⠘⣿⡟⣿⡿⠿⠯⢭⣿ ⠉⠛⠒⠶⠤⠤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠬⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠷⢶⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢤⣿⠼⠧⢄⢠⠤⠤⢤⡤⠤⣄⠀⠀⡤⠤⠤⣀⡤⠤⠤⣄⣠⠤⠷⢄⡠⠤⠤⢄⠤⠤⠤⣦⠤⠤⠤⡀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠒⢺⠀⢰⠀⢸⠀⠸⠀⢸⡆⠸⠀⣼⠀⠰⣀⣼⠀⢸⡇⠀⡆⠀⣿⠀⡀⢸⡇⠀⣿⠀⢰⠃⢀⠀⣿⠀⢰⠀⢸⡇⠀⡆⠀⡇⠀⣶⣿⠀⠶⣀⣿⠀⠲⣀⡽⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢠⠤⢾⠀⢠⠀⢸⣿⠀⢰⣯⠷⢄⠈⢻⠀⢸⡇⠀⡟⠛⡏⠀⠇⠀⡇⠀⣿⠦⢼⠀⠸⠀⢻⠀⢸⠛⢻⡇⠀⡟⠛⡇⠀⣤⣿⠶⣄⠈⢻⠶⢄⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣰⡆⢽⣇⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⣸⠀⢸⣀⣸⣀⣸⢸⣀⣸⠸⣄⣈⣀⣼⣀⣸⢇⣀⣁⣠⣇⣀⣆⣀⣇⣀⣉⣿⣟⣀⣴⣀⣸⣄⣈⣀⡼⢇⣀⣁⣠⣇⣀⣉⣹⣀⣉⣀⣼⣄⣈⣀⣼⢿⠉⣉⣉⣉⣭⣽⣿⠟⠀⠈ ⣀⣸⣿⣸⣿⣸⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⣶⠀⠀⢠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠸⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠴⠩⠙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣩⠷⠾⢟⣛⣭⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢿⡟⠘⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣧⣿⡀⢠⣸⡆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⣿⢻⣿⡄⢰⡶⠚⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣸⠃⠀⠚⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠿⠿⢿⠃⠀⠀ ⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⡿⣶⢢⣾⣶⣶⣢⠀⣀⠸⠿⠿⣿⣷⣿⣄⣿⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡂⠀⠃⢣⠈⠉⠩⠀⢀⠃⠛⠛⠃⠘⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠇⡇⣿⣿⣿⠏⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠰⠀⠘⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⢿⣟⣀⣾⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢹⣿⣧⡀⠁⢂⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⡇⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢙⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠀⠀⡄⠐⠍⠉⡁⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠸⠿⠿⠗⠀⠀⣨⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠇⢠⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣻⠀⠀⠠⠄⡇⠀⢐⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣷⠁⢸⢠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣦⣀⢰⢈⠈⢉⠀⠈⠁⡇⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣧⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠄⠀⡀⡇⠀⠨⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣇⡿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠅⢐⣒⣧⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⣿⣿⠷⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⢸⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣇⣐⣒⣿⠀⠀⠅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣇⠀⠀⠈⢉⠹⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠹⠿⣆⣀⡏⠒⡂⣿⠐⠀⠅⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣏⢼⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢐⢀⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⢠⠤⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⡉⠙⠻⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠙⡅⠀⠀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠂⠀⠨⢽⢐⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⢨⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⡇⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣧⠈⠉⡁⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⢀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣰⠀⡨⢹⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣣⣈⣸⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⢹⢁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⣬⣿⡼⣷⡄⢸⣴⡪⢽⠀⠀⠅⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡀⢬⣙⠻⣿⣿⣼⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⡿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⢸⣶⣬⡀⠉⢁⣬⢹⣀⢹⡆⠀⠅⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⣾⡿⠿⠟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡦⠙⢻⣿⣿⣯⢸⠁⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠛⠙⠻⡟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⡀⡀⣸⣿⣾⣿⣦⢄⣸⠀⡒⢽⡇⠀⠁⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣉⣍⣽⢼⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠟⢁⣤⣾⣿⠟⡉⣾⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾ ⣄⣤⣤⣿⣶⣶⣦⣿⠿⠿⠃⠻⠛⠟⠉⠁⠂⢈⠐⠂⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⡆⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⡿⢟⣵⣾⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⣿ ⠛⠋⠩⣹⣿⣈⢘⠠⠐⠐⠀⢀⣂⡤⠤⠤⠖⢚⠄⢐⣺⡇⠀⢐⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⡱⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠟⣩⣶⣿⢟⣩⣴⣿⣿⢹⢠⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⠟⣻⣿⣿⢻⠉⠉⠙⢻⣿ ⠀⢀⣠⣷⢹⡿⠆⠒⠊⠉⠩⠀⠀⠐⠀⣶⣖⢺⡂⠀⣒⡇⠀⢸⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢋⡉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢫⣵⡟⢛⣭⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⢸⣿⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠹⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿ ⠈⠰⠀⠀⠠⣿⡄⠀⠀⠐⠀⣡⠀⠀⠀⠙⠏⠀⣓⠨⠄⡇⠀⢸⡆⢹⣿⣿⣿⠁⠤⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⡟⢛⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠘⡇⢡⣤⢖⣀⡁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠈⠅⡇⠀⢸⡗⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⢀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡀⠀⠠⠀⢿⠥⠾⢿⡿⠤⣂⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠐⠂⣇⠀⠸⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠐⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠇⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣃⣤⣾⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠠⠐⢲⣬⣥⢸⣮⣿⣿⣿⡆⢿⠟⠀⣶⣄⠈⠅⠀⢀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⡇⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⢀⡟⠶⢶⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣽⣿⡶⣿⣿⣿⣼⡿⢟⡉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠏⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢠⠀⠖⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣃⣤⣶⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠟⠛⠃⣧⠈⠀⢻⡇⠠⠵⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣐⡿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠁⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠀⠀⣤⣔⠳⣿⡍⡇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢪⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠝⠡⣿⣿⣿⢫⡿⠂⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⢯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⡔⢿⣧⡆⠠⠈⢸⣾⠀⠀⠀⢸⠘⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⣏⣀⡀⠀⠀⠏⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿ ⠈⠀⠀⢸⠄⠸⠿⡇⠀⠀⢸⢟⡀⠀⠀⢘⣡⠛⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣾⣧⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷ ⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿ ⣿⡏⠉⠁⠀⢐⠀⡀⠠⠀⠀⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠀⢸⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿ ⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⠒⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣀⢀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⢅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⣝⠻⣿⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⡏⠀⢀⡙⢿⣿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣆⣴⣾⣷⣬⣿⣿⣷⣿ ⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⠀⠀⡿⠿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣁⣴⣿⡿⡋⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢰⢃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⢰⠇⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⡿⠛⣦⣶⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠢⠀⠀⠘⡜⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣠⣶⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠇⢀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣒⣠⡃⠀⠀⠀⠠⣠⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠧⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⣤⣽⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⡁⠂⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘ ⣿⣦⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣴⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣼⣤⣄⠀⠀⠂⠒⣕⡐⡀⡀⣠⣾⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣵⣯⢙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⡀⠀⣾⣿⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⣀⡔⠀⢀⡚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿ ⡿⠟⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣩⣝⠀⠀⠄⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠿⠿⡄⠀⠀⣀⣤⡶⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠄⠁⢀⠂⠀⠀⠊⠠⠀⢀⣴⡆⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⠀⠐⣴⠇⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡓⠶⠶⢶⡶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡟⣩⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠃⢎⠉⠀⢦⠀⣀⠀⢀⠠⠿⡶⠶⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 419 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/gemini-growth-2000/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/gemini-growth-2000/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini’s_Growth_Carries_On⠀✐ Posted in Servers, Site_News, Standard at 7:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Activity levels have not waned, either; last month we served half a million pages over gemini:// (all-time high) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Geminispace_in_June:_Leaps_faster_than_average;_Measuring_by Lupa_alone,_not_complete_data⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gemini's_large_capsules⦈_ Yes, Taz is in Gemini too! Summary: Last December Lupa_could_identity_1,500_active_domains_(online capsules); now, in June, it’s 2,000; though we try not to write much about Gemini (as Gemini should be talking about more than just itself) the expansion carries on ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠿⡿⡿⡟⣿⢻⠿⣿⠿⠿⠻⡿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢻⡿⣻⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣧⣥⣤⣿⣤⣤⣽⣤⣧⣬⣤⣼⣼⣧⣽⣼⣯⣽⣤⣯⣤⣼⣥⣿⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠝⣿⣯⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣀⣢⣂⣁⣯⣒⣀⣑⣅⣟⣀⣁⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣬⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⡋⡋⠛⢟⣿⢻⡟⠟⢛⠛⠛⠟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣭⣹⣫⣹⣿⣿⣤⣬⣉⣉⣉⡛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⣊⣿⣷⣿⣷⣩⣋⣩⣽⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣈⣉⣉⣙⡛⠛⠛⠺⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⢮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣬⣉⡉⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⢛⡿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠖⢊⣁⣤⣶⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⡯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⢋⣡⡄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠴⠾⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⡷⢿⣿⣿⠻⢣⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⡤⠞⢋⣡⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣏⢻⣿⣷⣩⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠻⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⡿⠟⢋⢠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⡟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣿⠸⠟⢋⣡⣴⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣇⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⢀⣻⣿⠿⠛⢉⣡⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⡷⢾⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣚⣛⣛⠛⠘⢉⣀⣐⣚⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡩⢱⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣿⠿⠛⢉⣠⣴⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⣠⣶⣿⠿⠛⢉⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⢀⡄⠿⠛⢉⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⢈⡀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢝⣿⣯⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣬⣭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣴⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠟⠙⠻⠛⠛⢻⠛⡋⢛⠘⣻⡏⡛⠟⡏⡟⠘⢛⠛⢻⡟⠋⢟⠘⡛⠛⣿⡟⡻⠛⠛⡟⡻⡛⢛⠛⠛⠋⠟⠋⠛⢻⢛⠙⢛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⢠⣼⣷⣮⣼⣷⣶⢰⣴⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⢰⣷⣶⣴⣷⣷⣶⢷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⡄⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⢶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣴⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣽⣱⣽⣿⣿⡿⡿⡩⣷⣿⣿⣿⠿⣯⣇⣦⣿⣿⣿⢿⢏⢝⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⢏⢕⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⢳⣽⣿⣿⡿⢿⡩⣲⣽⣿⣿⢿⡿⡋⣧⣿⣿⣿⠿⣏⢕⣪⣿⣿⣿⡿⢏⢽⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢋⢕⣸⣶⣿⣿⣟⡯⢘⣻⣾⣿⣿⡛⡩⣂⣷⣾⣿⣿⡛⡩⣆⣧⣾⣿⣿⡻⡉⣇⣷⣿⣿⣟⣋⠕⣺⣷⣿⣿⣟⢋⢕⣸⣴⣿⣿⣛⡭⢒⣯⣿⣿⣿⡛⡩⣂⣧⣾⣿⣿⡻⠉⣇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣗⣿⣟⣸⢸⣹⣽⣸⣇⣏⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣏⢯⣿⢛⠟⣿⣿⡟⣿⡟⢻⡟⢻⣿⣿⢻⢿⣿⣛⠟⢻⣿⣻⣿⢹⡿⣿⢻⣿⠛⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣛⣿⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⣟⣿⣿⡏⡯⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣷⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣧⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⡿⣿⢟⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣧⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⢛⠛⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 507 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/google-social-control-media/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/google-social-control-media/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Why_Google_Has_Become_a_Social_Control_Media_Company_(and_Should_be_Treated as_Such)⠀✐ Posted in Google at 3:40 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz - Censorship ‘Engagement’-driven time-wastinSPAM/ Surveillance Clickbait and bots misinformation Google News/ ✓ ✘ ✓ ✓ ✓ Alerts Google ✓ ✘ ✘ ✓ ✘ Search YouTube ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Twitter ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Facebook ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Summary: Objective comparative breakdown of how Google stacks up against notorious social control media giants, which spread falsehoods and exploit their centralised nature; another suitable aspect might be, are they supportive of Free software clients (e.g. non-JavaScript fallback and extensive Web browser support), though that would be a software freedom and/or Internet freedom aspect ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 558 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/irc-log-120622/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/irc-log-120622/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_June_12,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 5:37 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-120622.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-120622.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-120622.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-120622.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  Qmc6ZD5y8oJ2zP2y3sZGt4BynKe1N5CHt6wHq76kEx6mud #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  Qma8FwBTRewH1t9QuNDZ4cjir3ffHRqBVVc1vB9FWb5tYB (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  Qmb8MiLhy3oaBCuwBFNrmuuiMy8B2KVYwTfrvee1p5vdd4 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmXdX8rWwbkTfCcCXax8xiBAgcukfmtnrdRLnunHvPAfu3 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qme2H3qRetiiAdfNDVu36DSWw6tsTEoV3DSXGjVFmbMdvG #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmezqNRDsgUg85f8cVJQB4jThRyUdc8zgmuAuNB6Bxd44B (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmc9tsjExhNoH5R9PJSTUxa2CEyG1KfEeLuXZzrRAy7DrX #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  Qmaf5RwntAz5o2w1Hsdpq16xSZxRCA2jVKuYNAyBvT7yZw (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmWNxxXXEBuqJMZZm5uwv7rqi6x5gkChcska8B4WNLyuYv ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 685 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/mozilla-politics-blog/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/mozilla-politics-blog/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Mozilla,_Just_Like_the_Linux_Foundation,_Has_Turned_to_Politics_at_Firefox’s Expense⠀✐ Posted in Marketing at 1:44 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz These are the 4 latest posts from the official Mozilla_blog (Pocket harvests data): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mozilla_ladies⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mozilla_Pocket_ads⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Pocket_at_Mozilla⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mozilla_fluff⦈_ Summary: Mozilla presents itself like many politicians present themselves. It’s not about Firefox, it’s barely about the Web, it’s hardly about technology, and it seems like Mozilla is just trying “to own the Eich” instead of focusing on what definitely made Firefox exceptionally popular — standards and a lean, modular, Free/libre Web browser; the Linux_Foundation (LF) has been doing_the same_lately_(instead_of_promoting_Linux); as an associate put it moments ago, “Mozilla is to the Web what LF is now to Linux”. ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⢸⣿⣿⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣟⠛⢻⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣀⣀⣸⣿⢠⠀⠀⡅⠄⡀⠂⠀⠰⠘⠀⠀⡄⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠽⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⡆⠒⠐⠂⠐⠀⠒⠐⡄⠐⠒⠒⠁⠒⠒⠶⣶⣲⡆⠐⢲⠂⠒⠀⢲⠶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠀⠀⢘⡟⣟⣛⣫⣩⣋⣛⣹⣙⣟⣋⣻⣉⣋⣛⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣯⣙⣻⣋⣋⣉⣻⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣉⣀⣈⣉⣁⣉⣍⣈⣅⣀⣁⣁⣉⣹⣘⣻⣿⣽⣇⣈⣹⣁⣉⣀⣹⣛ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⢶⣶⣟⡴⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠃⠠⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣶⣤⣧⣮⣤⣧⣤⣤⣽⣤⣴⣿⣦⣤⣧⣼⣴⣿⣷⣼⠄⢀⣤⣧⣤⣧⣬⣾⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣶⣮⣴⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣩⣯⣼⣑⣉⣅⣅⣽⣘⣇⣍⣕⣏⣩⣸⣩⣍⣽⣩⡁⠀⣞⣝⣭⣣⣿⣞⣝⣫⣊⣍⣸⣩⣫⣺⣠⣍⣵⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣩⣋⣏⣉⣍⣩⣉⣹⣽⣏⣏⣩⣉⣉⢉⣯⣉⣯⡝⠀⣘⡉⢉⣝⣉⣿⣻⣝⣹⣋⣉⣋⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡿⠟⢻⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠁⡘⠛⡛⣟⠛⠛⣿⠛⠛⠻⠛⢻⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⠿⠿⠿⠷⢿⢿⠿⠟⠟⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠃⠰⢿⡿⠿⠻⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣟⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣷⢷⣶⣶⣾⠷⣷⣾⡿⣿⡾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⠆⢠⡾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⢽⠶⣶⣾⢿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣧⣾⣿⣦⣷⣧⣤⣶⣵⣧⣽⣶⡎⢀⣤⣤⣾⣼⣵⣿⣦⣼⣼⣤⣼⣤⣥⣼⣾⣿⣤⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣥⣯⣤⣧⣬⣤⣦⣯⣤⣼⣴⣷⣬⡖⠀⣴⣧⣬⣤⣪⣧⣴⣮⣶⣮⣧⣤⣤⣦⣮⣺⣯⣤⣧⣄⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣋⣉⣍⣉⣉⣏⣈⣼⣈⣙⣹⣉⣉⡉⠁⣈⣉⢿⣉⣍⣿⣍⣉⣹⣋⣉⣉⣏⣉⣩⢩⣛⣹⣉⣉⣍⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⢟⠛⡟⠛⠋⠛⠛⡟⠟⠟⠛⠛⠻⠃⠐⢛⢻⠛⠛⣻⢻⠛⠛⢻⢛⣛⠛⠟⠛⢻⠛⡹⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢛⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠻⢿⢛⣷⣤⡿⠗⡟⠿⡿⠿⠿⣞⡿⠟⠿⢿⡿⢷⢾⣻⠿⠻⠿⢻⠿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠁⠁⠈⠀⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠉⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠉⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠉⠉⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣟⣿⡿⠻⣿⠻⠻⢿⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠟⢿⡻⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⠿⡿⡻⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠻⣿⣿⢹⣿⡟⣿⣿⡛⢹⡿⣿⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣷ ⣿⣛⣛⣛⣿⡇⠀⡀⠀⡀⢀⠀⣄⢀⠀⠄⠄⣀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⢿⣿⣿⡇⡖⢈⠿⢿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶ ⣿⣒⣒⣒⣿⡇⠘⠀⠀⠃⠁⠂⠃⠐⠐⠐⠘⠈⠘⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣜⣿⣿⡇⡇⠘⠀⠸⠬⠤⠤⠤⠬⠤⠧⠦⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠥⠤⠸⠤⠬⠽⠿⠷⠿⠿⠦⠧⠤⠤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡁⢀⠀⢠⢬⣭⣥⣥⣥⣭⣬⣤⣥⢥⣥⣤⣬⣥⣬⣤⠥⣥⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⣬⡬⣤⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠇⠀⠀⠘⠓⠚⠐⠒⠓⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠚⠓⠒⠒⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠛⠛⠓⠛⠛⠒⠓⠒⠒ ⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⠠⠅⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣰⡗⠈⣛⡂⠹⣑⠁⠀⠀⢩⣿⣇⣀⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣧⠀⣼⢛⡟⠛⠟⠻⢻⢛⠻⠛⣻⡇⠤⢹⢛⡛⡛⠓⠸⠛⠻⢛⠛⡉⣃⡟⠛⣻⡇⠋⡔⠀⠘⡛⡟⡇⡟⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣿⣼⣧⣤⣼⣤⣿⣬⣴⣤⣿⣧⣾⣿⣼⣧⣥⡄⣰⣤⣼⣬⣤⣧⣽⣯⣤⣼⣧⡷⠀⣠⣤⣧⣴⣧⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠏⠹⠉⠟⡛⠟⢛⢻⢛⠛⣿⡉⠌⡏⠛⢻⢛⢻⠛⡛⠛⠻⢛⢻⣯⢹⠉⡏⡍⢛⠁⢐⠻⠉⣋⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣡⣦⣿⣼⠨⢀⣿⣬⣡⣦⣿⣼⣤⣼⣼⣧⣄⣬⣄⣼⣿⣤⣶⣤⣧⠁⢀⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⡟⠛⢿⡏⠹⠏⡇⡟⡛⣿⡏⣩⣙⠟⡛⡟⢛⠛⠛⡟⡛⠟⠛⣿⠛⠻⡋⣹⠏⠀⠘⠻⡟⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣇⣿⣸⣇⣸⣇⣇⣇⣀⣽⣧⣉⣠⣄⣡⣆⣿⣸⣇⣦⣀⣄⣿⣿⣌⣡⣇⡟⠀⣸⣸⣇⣆⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⡟⠟⠟⠙⠟⠻⡟⠛⠻⠻⡿⠻⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣇⣿⣸⣘⣄⣂⣇⣿⣸⣇⣄⣂⣦⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠋⢹⡿⡻⠛⠛⣿⠛⣿⢛⠛⢟⢿⣿⡏⣹⡟⠻⠛⠟⠛⠛⢿⠟⣿⡏⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣯⡄⣤⠟⡛⡟⡛⠛⠻⢻⣿⢁⠹⡟⠟⠟⣛⠛⠟⢛⠛⡃⡿⠿⠻⠛⠟⡇⠛⡛⡟⡛⠛⠘⢛⢻⠛⠁⢰⣡⣸⠃⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣿⣦⣥⣧⣧⡼⢀⣾⣯⣴⣦⣧⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣥⣷⣾⣧⣤⣼⣧⣤⣧⣧⣧⣤⣤⣼⣼⠀⢀⣿⣿⣯⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⠡⢉⡋⡛⢛⢛⠻⠛⡛⡟⡛⠻⢛⢻⣿⢹⣿⢛⠻⠛⠛⡟⡛⢏⣩⣿⠉⠍⡏⡛⠿⠛⠛⢛⠏⠀⡞⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣬⣤⣧⣥⣿⣤⣤⣤⣧⡇⠅⣰⣤⣼⣿⣬⣽⣬⣴⣬⣥⡇⣥⣾⣿⣿⣬⣥⣧⣧⣤⣤⣤⡜⠀⣠⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠩⠙⠛⡃⡽⠛⢹⢛⠻⣿⢛⢻⠛⠛⠟⡋⢹⣿⡏⠹⠛⢟⢻⢻⣿⠩⢽⠛⡟⡛⠟⠛⠛⠁⣰⠹⠏⡇⡟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣰⣾⣤⣧⣧⣩⣸⣄⣤⣿⣄⣼⣸⣇⣦⣡⣼⣯⣡⣧⣉⣼⠀⣼⣿⣸⣿⣸⣧⣡⣤⣼⠀⢠⣿⣸⣇⣇⣧⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢩⣍⡿⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⡿⠛⠟⠛⣿⠟⠻⡋⣹⡏⢹⠙⠻⠟⡛⣿⡏⡟⡛⡏⢹⢛⠻⠃⠀⠛⢻⢛⠻⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣌⣡⣧⣁⣄⣸⣄⣇⣧⣀⣄⣸⣿⣌⣡⣇⣿⣧⣸⣸⣀⣄⣠⣿⣇⣇⣇⣧⣸⣄⡀⠀⣄⣿⣸⣄⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠉⣿⠏⢿⡋⢹⡏⠝⣿⢹⢽⠹⢹⣿⠏⢻⡯⣋⢟⣻⢏⢙⡫⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⡿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡟⠀⠼⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣷⣴⣧⣾⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣽⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣦⣾⣷⣧⣿⣿⡷⠀⣰⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣬⣤⣦⣬⣦⣻⣵⣭⣼⣦⣤⣼⣤⣦⣼⣬⣧⣤⣧⣠⣤⣮⣽⣬⣾⠁⢠⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⡽⣝⣍⣉⡉⣹⣉⣉⣍⣹⣭⣉⠫⣙⣍⣉⣿⠁⢀⣹⣏⣉⣋⣉⣝⣉⣝⡝⣝⣙⣉⣹⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠻⠛⠛⡛⡟⠛⢛⢻⡛⡛⡛⡻⡛⠛⠛⢛⠛⡟⣿⠛⠛⣻⠿⠋⠀⠚⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣛⢻⡻⡻⡻⠻⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢾⢿⠿⡿⡟⠀⠸⠿⢿⠾⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣷⣽⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⢾⣾⣶⣶⣧⣾⣾⠀⢰⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣷⣾⣼⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣴⣥⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣾⣤⣤⣼⣴⣷⣤⣦⣤⣤⠃⢠⣤⣼⣬⣼⣤⣤⣴⣼⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣪⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣏⣉⣍⣍⣉⣏⣩⣉⣯⣨⠫⣿⣋⣹⣙⡉⣽⣑⣉⣉⣉⠉⢀⣈⣎⣩⣋⣏⣉⣉⣉⣩⣋⡹⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣿⣉⣈⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⢟⢟⠿⣛⣟⡛⢛⢟⢟⠛⠛⠛⡟⠟⠀⠘⠛⠛⣟⡛⠛⢟⢟⠟⠛⡛⡟⠛⠛⡟⢛⢟⢿⢛⢛⡿⠛⣹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⠿⠿⠷⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡟⢿⣿⡤⡼⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠾⠿⢿⠿⠿⠷⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢶⠿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⡶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⡶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣯⣭⣭⣤⣤⣼⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣧⣉⣼⣀⣉⣧⣉⣴⣿⣐⣠⣸⣇⣧⣁⣼⣇⣿⣧⣉⣼⣈⣸⣸⣇⣆⣁⣧⣀⣼⣸⣿⣌⣡⣇⣿⣇⣾⣆⣇⣉⣇⣦⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠍⠹⢛⢻⠙⠻⡛⡟⡟⡛⢿⡏⠭⢝⠻⢛⢙⠟⡻⡟⡛⢿⡏⠭⢹⢙⠻⠟⠻⠛⡻⢛⢿⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣦⣵⣌⣼⣬⣡⡇⣰⣧⣧⣼⣧⣭⣭⣤⣽⣬⣬⣡⣧⣧⣼⣧⣁⣼⣼⣤⣄⣤⣤⣧⣄⣼⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⣭⣙⠟⠻⠉⠟⡛⡏⡛⠟⢛⠟⠛⡋⡻⢛⢻⢛⢻⡏⠩⠙⠛⡋⡟⠛⢹⢛⢻⣟⢉⠛⡻⢛⢻⢛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣭⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣭⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣼⣤⣼⣧⣴⣾⣼⣧⣧⣭⣼⣤⣼⣿⣼⣤⣷⣬⣼⣼⣼⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠿⢹⠟⠻⠛⣻⡟⣩⣉⠟⡛⡟⣛⢛⠛⠟⡛⡟⣻⡿⢛⢻⢁⣿⡋⡋⢛⢻⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣿⣼⣤⣤⣤⣿⣷⣬⣴⣦⣥⣧⣿⣼⣧⣦⣤⣧⣿⣷⣬⣼⣼⣿⣧⣥⣿⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⡟⡛⢟⢙⠛⠻⠛⡛⢛⢻⠛⠻⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣧⣧⣼⣬⣬⣤⣤⣧⣼⣼⣬⣼⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣁⣸⣟⣿⣯⣉⣿⣙⣹⣟⣿⣟⣏⣿⣟⣜⣿⣿⣙⣭⣟⣉⣻⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠛⢟⠻⡟⣟⡟⢻⡻⢻⠛⢻⣟⠛⠛⡟⢟⠻⣟⡻⢻⣟⣟⢛⣿⣛⢿⠻⣻⣛⠛⡟⠛⠟⡟⡻⡛⢟⠛⠻⢻⠟⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⢶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣦⣶⣾⣶⣷⡶⣧⣶⡶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣤⣤⣴⣦⣤⣧⣤⣧⣷⣤⣤⣲⣧⣤⣴⣤⣷⣾⣼⣠⣤⣤⣿⣧⣷⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣠⣤⣤⣼⣯⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣝⣝⣹⣹⣉⣉⣁⣏⣉⣉⣙⣽⣈⣉⣉⣫⣹⣙⣏⣹⣝⣭⣉⣻⣎⣹⣏⣉⣙⣟⣯⣹⣩⣻⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⠋⠉⢻⢟⠉⠛⢛⢻⣿⠛⣟⢻⠙⠋⠻⡟⡻⡟⢻⢛⠟⠛⢻⠉⠛⠏⡟⢫⣟⠛⡛⣏⢿⡛⣛⡏⠛⢻⢿⣟⢿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣻⠻⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⡟⠻⠿⡿⣿⡟⢿⡿⠻⣻⡿⢛⠻⡟⠛⣟⠟⡿⠟⡿⠿⢿⢟⣿⠻⣿⠟⢿⡟⣿⡻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⡿⠾⠿⢷⡷⠿⢿⠾⢷⢷⡿⠷⡿⡿⠿⡿⢷⠿⠿⡾⢾⡷⢿⠾⢷⢿⠿⠷⠷⠷⠿⠾⣿⠿⠿⡾⡿⡷⢷⣷⡿⡾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣽⣷⣶⣷⣶⣴⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣽⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣥⣵⣰⣤⣼⣬⣮⣮⣿⣾⣶⣥⣿⣮⣦⣤⣤⣽⣄⣦⣤⣦⣤⣿⣷⣥⣮⣧⣦⣴⣵⣿⣪⣴⣯⣤⣦⣤⣅⣠⣼⣤⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 917 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/06/13/world-wide-web-gopher-and-gemini/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/06/13/world-wide-web-gopher-and-gemini/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ World_Wide_Web_Compared_to_Gopher/Gemini_and_IPFS⠀✐ Posted in Servers, Standard at 7:37 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Spying Centralisation Abudance of - Bloat (a lack of lookup Centralisation of “trust” (self-signed certificates rejected/discouragedmisinformation, of (DNS) ads privacy) World Wide ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Web Gemini ✘ ? ✓ ✘ ✘ Gopher ✘ ? ✓ ✘ ✘ IPFS ✓ ? ✘ ✘ ✘ Summary: Internet protocols for exchange and transmission of pages compared; More ✓ means less desirable ____ ✓ Bad attribute. ✘ Good attribute. ? While in theory it is possible for Gemini capsules to spy on visitors, the data is rarely passed on. With Gopher, spying is very much possible but rarely done. IPFS is hard to track due to the swarm-like nature of it. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 969 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_13/06/2022:_Flatpak_Brand_Refresh⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:11 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Instructionals/Technical o Games * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Red_Hat_/_IBM * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Security o Defence/Aggression o Environment o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_June_12th,_2022⠀⇛ This week has been quite interesting as we got a few good releases and exciting news, starting with the release of the Cinnamon 5.4 desktop environment for the upcoming Linux Mint 21 “Vanessa” operating system series and continuing with the release of openSUSE Leap 15.4, Blender 3.2, as well as new LibreOffice 7.3 and KDE Gear 22.04 bugfix releases. On top of that, Linux phone users can now enjoy the awesome postmarketOS 22.06 release with all its goodies, Ubuntu users can now patch their systems against 35 Linux kernel vulnerabilities, and distrohoppers can now try the brand-new Debian-based SpiralLinux. You can enjoy these and much more in 9to5Linux’s Linux weekly roundup for June 12th, 2022, below! o ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ Linux_Release_Roundup_#22.24:_openSUSE_15.4,_EasyOS 4.0,_and_More_Releases⠀⇛ The Linux Release Roundup series summarizes the new distribution and application version releases in the past week. This keeps you informed of the latest developments in the Linux world. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ How_to_install_Plex_Client_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04_LTS_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Learn the commands to install the Plex Client app on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy JellyFish or 20.04 Focal fossa using terminal. Plex Media Server doesn’t need any introduction, it has been quite popular among the netizens who want to set up their own personal Media server. However, the server part which is available to install on Windows, macOS, Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS), and FreeBSD only offers a web client interface to access the media. This means whenever you want to access the media files stored on the Plex server, the users need a browser. However, to solve this problem we have a Plex client, available to install on almost all popular operating systems including NAS boxes. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_WPS_Office_on_AlmaLinux_9_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install WPS Office on AlmaLinux 9. For those of you who didn’t know, WPS Office is the perfect solution if you’re looking for a comprehensive office suite that can handle all your document processing needs. As a handy and professional office software, WPS Office allows you to edit files in Writer, Presentation, Spreadsheet, and PDF to improve your work efficiency. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the WPS Office on AlmaLinux 9. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ How_to_install_JupyterLab_on_Linux_| Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Make your code extremely versatile with JupyterLab, a server-client application for interactive coding in Python, Julia, R, and more. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Use_Terraform_to_manage_TrueNAS_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ Sometimes combining different open source projects can have benefits. The synergy of using Terraform with TrueNAS is a perfect example. TrueNAS is an OpenBSD-based operating system that provides network-attached storage (NAS) and network services. One of its main strengths is leveraging the ZFS file system, which is known for enterprise- level reliability and fault tolerance. Terraform is a provisioning and deployment tool embodying the concept of infrastructure as code. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Replace_String_in_JavaScript_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ We can use replace() method to replace any string or character with another in javascript. It searches for a defined string, character, or regular expression and replaces it. This method doesn’t change the original string but it returns the updated string as result. # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ Linux_History_Command_with_Advance Examples⠀⇛ All the commands get stored by the shell interpreter: Find where it is stored, how to make it useful, and clear the history data if there’s something you don’t want to save in the record. Every time you execute a command in your terminal app (GNOME Terminal, Konsole, etc.), you will get the result without knowing that your interpreter, hiding behind the terminal, captures every executed command. There are multiple famous Linux interpreters, such as bash, zsh, fish, etc., with the feature of capturing user-executed commands into a specific file known as history. # ⚓ Linux Buzz ☛ How_to_Install_VirtualBox_on_Fedora_36⠀⇛ VirtualBox is a cross-platform virtualization software that allows users to run multiple guest operating systems on a single host machine. VirtualBox uses a hypervisor to virtualize the guest operating system, which means that each guest operating system has its own virtual environment in which it runs. In this article, we’ll provide a step-by-step guide to install VirtualBox on Fedora Linux. At time of writing this article, latest Fedora version is Fedora 36. So, we have used Fedora 36 in this article.. # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ What_is_/dev/sda_Device_in_Linux_File System?⠀⇛ If you are transitioning from other operating system environments to Linux, the first puzzle you are most likely to face is understanding the Linux file system. To be more specific, you have to understand how Linux labels its hard disk drives (whether internal or external). On a Windows operating system, this step is straightforward as all the disk drives connected to the operating system environment are identified by relatable labels like C:, D:, F: etc. In most cases, it is the disk drive labeled C: that hosts the installed copy of the Windows operating system. # ⚓ The New Stack ☛ Portainer:_How_to_add_a_Kubernetes Environment_–_The_New_Stack⠀⇛ One of the brilliant aspects of Portainer container management system is that it allows you to add multiple environments, which can then be assigned to different teams. With that setup, you might have one team given access to the local environment for development, one team might have access to an Azure environment for deployment, and yet another team might have access to an Edge agent. # ⚓ The New Stack ☛ Portainer,_a_GUI_for_Docker_Management⠀⇛ When most developers and admins think about deploying, managing, and working with Docker containers, the first thing they consider is the command line. After all, Docker was originally created as a command-line tool and there’s nothing you cannot do with Docker from the CLI (Command Line Interface). The Docker CLI is fast, flexible, and available on any machine that supports the Docker runtime engine. And given how many work with containers from third-party cloud hosts that don’t generally provide GUI tools for container environments, it makes perfect sense to manage your deployments from the command line. But not every admin, developer, and user prefers the command line. Sure, when first learning the ins and outs of Docker, you should certainly start with the command line. After all, there is no better way to educate yourself on how containers are deployed and managed than with the CLI. Even still, when you are incredibly busy, the command line tools can get a bit unwieldy. On top of this, some advanced Docker features can get a bit cumbersome when used from the command line. # ⚓ The New Stack ☛ Container_Security:_Manage_Secrets_with Portainer_–_The_New_Stack⠀⇛ Portainer is one of the most powerful Docker (and Docker Swarm) managers on the market. With this tool, you can create and manage every aspect of your container deployments, including the management of services, networks, images, registries, volumes, configs, stacks, orchestration, and even secrets. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ Downslope:_Snowboarding_and_Ghosts, Reviewed_on_Linux_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ Downslope is a recent indie game that was released with a native Linux client. We noticed it back in January 2022 in our native Linux releases feature, and I decided to try it out. The concept is fairly straightforward: you are a snowboarder (seen from the top, top-down scroller, 3D) and start at the top of a mountain, intending to go down all the way. Each stage is a matter of getting from the top to the bottom of a small section of the mountain. The first few levels act as a tutorial, where you go through almost empty snowy landscapes, just to get to know the controls. Progressively, the game adds a few rocks here and there, making you avoid the obstacles. Not too long after that, in a short cutscene you end up meeting with a ghost… first just one, and a few later on. These ghosts were skiers who died on the very same mountain in the past. They seem to have some kind of history too: maybe their deaths were not purely accidental, since one keeps a grudge against the other. Whenever they appear in a stage, you need to reach the bottom before a countdown reaches zero. If you can’t, the spirit of the ghost catches up with you and kills you instantly. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Red Hat / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Flatpak_Brand_Refresh_–_Even_a_Stopped_Clock⠀⇛ Flatpak has been at the center of the recent app renaissance, but its visual identity has remained fairly stale. Without diverging too much from the main elements of its visual identity we’ve made it more contemporary. The logo in particular has been simplified to work in all of the size scenarios and visual complexity contexts. # ⚓ Will_IBM_i_Become_More_Like_Linux?_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ The recent launch of Merlin, a Linux-based collection of tools for creating next-gen IBM i applications, has raised questions about the future of IBM i. One of the questions has to do with IBM i’s relationship with Linux, and whether it will have to be become more like Linux to survive. Just like IBM i had to become more like Unix and Windows Server, in many ways, to survive. Merlin is a different sort of product than what IBM typically ships. For starters, it isn’t a modernization tool per se, but more like a collection of tools that allow IBM i customers to begin developing IBM i applications using modern DevOps methods. It’s a framework, if you will, that today includes a Web-based IDE, connectors for Git and Jenkins, and impact analysis and code conversion software OEMed from ARCAD Software. And in the future, Merlin will have even more goodies, including possibly an app catalog, PTF management, security capabilities, and more integrations with tools from third-party vendors. Merlin is also unique in how IBM chose to deliver it. Instead of making this software all native, Big Blue wants it to run in the same modern manner in which the wider IT world runs stuff, which means containers. Merlin runs only in a container. In fact, it runs only in containers managed by Kubernetes, and the only Kubernetes distribution it supports is IBM’s own Red Hat OpenShift. What’s more, all Kubernetes runs on Linux, which makes Merlin a Linux app at the end of the day. Google, which created the Borg workload and container scheduler, the origination of Kubernetes, to simplify the massive workloads running in its cloud datacenters, and which open sourced a layer of Borg as Kubernetes in 2014, didn’t develop Kubernetes to be able to run on other operating systems – not Windows, not Unix, and certainly not IBM i. [...] While Kubernetes isn’t going to run on IBM i, and IBM i isn’t going to morph into a version of Linux, the platforms can still work closely together, especially with OpenShift running directly on Power (although Merlin also will run on Red Shift on X86. The key to getting them work closely together and making life easier for the customer is delivering a management layer that can work with both IBM i and Kubernetes. That management layer is Ansible, according to Steve Sibley, vice president of Power Systems offering management at IBM. “We see bringing those closer together and simplifying how it’s put together and managed by the customer as the way to do that,” Sibley told IT Jungle in an interview at POWERUp 2022. “The way you bring it closer is to make the ability to manage the environment simpler. For instance, we talk about Ansible as a key management capability. It really is bringing Linux closer to i. It’s about bringing the i platform into a customers’ overall management environment. They can use the exact same Ansible platform to manage both their i platform as well as their Linux on Power as well as their Linux on X86 environments.” IBM i isn’t going to run Kubernetes and it’s not going to become Linux. But it will sit right next to them, enabling IBM i applications and customers to integrate with them to the greatest extent possible. Will be enough to ensure IBM i’s continued relevance and survival in a world dominated by containerized microservices running in the cloud? Only time will tell. # ⚓ IBM_i_Licensing,_Part_2:_Subscriptions_Change_Everything_– IT_Jungle⠀⇛ In a very funny way, the licensing of the IBM i platform is coming full circle with the advent of subscription pricing – with some funny curlicues along the way with over three decades of software licensing history and an even longer history of Big Blue renting, rather than selling, its software. When IBM first delivered its punch card machines, way way back, they were only available for rent, not for sale. The long arm of the law taught IBM to have some optionality, and it thus sold mainframes and minicomputers as well as leasing and renting them. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Edge_computing:_Latency_matters⠀⇛ Volume gets a lot of the press when it comes to data. Size is right there in the once-ubiquitous term “Big Data.” This isn’t a new thing. Back when I was an IT industry analyst, I once observed in a research note that marketing copy placed way too much emphasis on the bandwidth numbers associated with big server designs, and not enough on the time that elapses between a request for data and its initial arrival – which is to say the latency. We’ve seen a similar dynamic with respect to IoT and edge computing. With ever-increasing quantities of data collected by ever-increasing numbers of sensors, surely there’s a need to filter or aggregate that data rather than shipping it all over the network to a centralized data center for analysis. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Software_development_in_2022:_5 realities_CIOs_should_know⠀⇛ Software never really changes. It is, as Capitol Canary CTO Mikhail Opletayev put it recently, “a set of instructions that tells computers what to do.” Software development – how people write and deliver those instructions – changes regularly, on the other hand. Certain principles stay more or less the same over time, but many facets of how software gets made – languages and libraries, methodologies, tools, packaging, testing, and so forth – continuously evolve. With that, the realities of what it means to build and operate software – and what it means to build and lead a software development team – have likewise shifted. Let’s examine five modern software development realities that successful IT leaders understand. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ A_quick_way_to_translate_physical_addresses_into virtual_ones_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Recently, I have been working on enabling cooperation between SystemTap (a kernel profiling tool) and gprof (a tool that makes graphs from program profiles). This exercise has given me insight into meaningful topics only briefly touched upon at my university, such as kernel space, user space, and virtual memory. But these concepts are fundamental to the proper and safe execution of programs on any modern operating system. The trade off is some address translation when viewing memory from kernel space versus user space. In this article, you’ll see how that translation can be handled. # ⚓ IBM_Looking_To_Open_Up_Debugging_On_IBM_i_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ Things are moving quickly now in the IBM i development world, particularly when it comes to lightweight, Web-based IDEs, such as IBM’s new Merlin. However, the need to debug programs and the lack of a debugger for these IDEs is causing a bit of a roadblock to developer productivity with these newer IDEs. That’s why IBM is seeking a way to get IBM i debugging capabilities into more people’s hands. The official IBM i Debugger product is bundled as a JAR file with IBM Toolbox for Java, and is directly integrated with Rational Developer for i (RDi), IBM’s flagship Java-based integrated development environment (IDE) for the platform. There are several components, per IBM i Debugger documentation, including client-based tools like Debug Manager, System Debugger, and IBM i PASE System Debugger, along with two host-based tools, Debug Hub and Debug Server. Noticeably absent are any plug-ins or connectors for Web-based IDEs. Debugging is a critical part of the application development process, but the close integration with RDi and native host-based development tools (like SEU) works to restrict access to this crucial tool. With the delivery of IBM i Merlin, which contains a Web-based VS Code IDE among its various components, the IBM i product management team is looking to loosen access to the IBM i debugging capability. # ⚓ IBM_Power:_How_Strong_Is_Your_Backup_Game?_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ Your business runs on IT and chances are if your systems are down, your business is down. Have you contemplated the most common reasons for data loss and whether your strategy can protect you in the event of natural disaster, hardware failure, fire, ransomware, human error or theft? Depending on the reason for your outage, you may experience data loss and need to leverage your backups to recover. Are you confident in your backup and recovery strategy? One of the simplest tests you can do to assess your backup strategy is to see how you stack up against the 3-2-1 best practices for backups. This requires that you have 3 copies of your data on 2 different media with 1 of them being offsite. When I visit companies and talk to them about their backup strategies, very few are meeting the 3-2-1 best practices. # ⚓ Evading_the_Big_Blue_Name_Police_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ The name “Merlin” conjures up an image of a magical place where wizards cast spells against evil spirits and fairies fly through the air. In other words, the exact opposite of the button-down image of business computing that IBM tries its best to exude. That’s what makes the story of how the newest member of the IBM i product lineup got its name so unlikely. Twenty-two months ago, the folks at the IBM Rochester had an idea for a new product that would help to modernize development and operations processes on IBM i. In addition to Web-based IDE based on VS Code, it would bring integration with Git for source code management and Jenkins for continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/ CD). It was chosen to run in a container on OpenShift, Red Hat’s Linux-based distribution of Kubernetes. # ⚓ Forbes ☛ Lotus_1-2-3_Is_Back,_Fundbox_And_Visa_Partner…And Other_Small_Business_Tech_News_This_Week⠀⇛ The 40-year-old program Lotus 1-2-3 was reverse engineered to be 100 percent usable on Linux platforms. This program was popular in the 1980s for offering spreadsheet calculations, database functionality, and graphical charts. However – since Microsoft’s introduction of GUI-based products in the 1990s – the IBM program became inferior. Experts are hopeful that Lotus Software will run on screens larger or smaller than a 80×25 window. (Source: Techradar). * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Document Foundation ☛ Community_Member_Monday:_রিং/ring_(S R_Joardar)⠀⇛ I am a GNU/Linux user, lover, translator and supporter since 2000 and a sysadmin since 2003 using Red Hat 5.0, later Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. I am using Ubuntu on my personal computers since December 2006. Canonical sent me a zero-priced gift pack of 10 CDs with Ubuntu 6.10 back then. I started deployment of Ubuntu servers with Ubuntu 8.04 manual installation in 2009, and just provisioned a few instance with 22.04 on Linode. Between 2009 and 2017, I personally installed Ubuntu and Linux Mint on over 6,000 new desktops or laptops. I am from Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 2011, along with 21 other Free software enthusiasts, I formed an organization titled FOSS Bangladesh (Foundation for Open Source Solutions Bangladesh) and started with official tour of the universities here in the country. Up to 2019, FOSS Bangladesh had organized 75 events in various universities, colleges and schools, to spread the word about digital freedom knowledge among the pupils – the future leaders. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt ☛ Compiling_QML_to_C++:_Untangling_dependencies⠀⇛ This is the fifth installment in the series of blog posts on how to adjust your QML application to take the maximum advantage of qmlsc. In the first post we’ve set up the environment. You should read that post first in order to understand the others. After fixing various other problems in the previous posts we’re going to learn how to straighten out cyclic dependencies between QML documents. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Thoroughly_Modern:_Good_Security_Is_Just_As_Important_As Good_Code_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ Can my IBM i really be hit with a virus? Can it be hit with ransomware? These are the questions I regularly get from clients as a security expert with more than 20 years of experience. With the pervasiveness of these ransomware threats and sophisticated cyberattacks that we’re seeing in recent times, it only makes sense that we pay close attention to these threats. Security on the IBM i is a complex topic, and it is not one that is easily tackled with a few bullet points and tweaks of systems settings. Just like programming on the platform, for that matter. And people have to take the same care with security that they do with programming. These days, applications are not much good if they are not secure, as more than a few companies have found out the hard way. This is a big mind shift, and one that a lot of IT organizations need to get in gear with. # ⚓ Threat Post ☛ Follina_Exploited_by_State-Sponsored_Hackers [Ed: Microsoft should be banned for IT recruitment/ procurement for this deliberate neglect] ⠀⇛ A government-aligned attacker tried using a Microsoft vulnerability to attack U.S. and E.U. government targets. Researchers have added state-sponsored hackers to the list of adversaries attempting to exploit Microsoft’s now-patched Follina vulnerability. According to researchers at Proofpoint, state- sponsored hackers have attempted to abuse the Follina vulnerability in Microsoft Office, aiming an email-based exploit at U.S. and E.U. government targets via phishing campaigns. Proofpoint researchers spotted the attacks and believe the adversaries have ties to a government, which it did not identify. Attacks consist of campaigns targeting victims U.S. and E.U. government workers. Malicious emails contain fake recruitment pitches promising a 20 percent boost in salaries and entice recipients to download an accompanying attachment. # ⚓ Threat Post ☛ U.S._Water_Utilities_Prime_Cyberattack Target,_Experts [Ed: There have already been reported incidents where Microsoft Windows put people's drinking water at risk]⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Record ☛ Linux_malware_‘Symbiote’_used_to_attack_Latin American_financial_sector [Ed: The issue here isn't Linux itself but malware that someone gets on the system, due to poor maintenance, bad password, sabotage etc.]⠀⇛ Researchers at BlackBerry and Intezer have discovered a new Linux malware named “Symbiote” that is being used to target financial institutions across Latin America. Joakim Kennedy, security researcher at Intezer, and the BlackBerry Research & Intelligence Team released a report last week highlighting the financially motivated campaign, noting that what makes Symbiote different from other Linux malware is that “it needs to infect other running processes to inflict damage on infected machines.” # ⚓ Hacker News ☛ Hello_XD_Ransomware_Installing_Backdoor_on Targeted_Windows_and_Linux_Systems [Ed: Windows has actual back doors, whereas in Linux what they refer to as "back doors" is some malware finding its way in, then altering the system]⠀⇛ Windows and Linux systems are being targeted by a ransomware variant called HelloXD, with the infections also involving the deployment of a backdoor to facilitate persistent remote access to infected hosts. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Spiegel ☛ Ukraine_Relying_Heavily_on_Heavy_Weapons_from_the West⠀⇛ The war in Ukraine has morphed into an artillery battle, with Kyiv even more reliant than ever on heavy weaponry from the West. The country no longer has high hopes for significant support from Germany. # ⚓ CBC ☛ City_of_Ottawa_denies_‘outrageous’_request_to_fly Russian_flag_|_CBC_News⠀⇛ The Russian Embassy in Ottawa asked the city to fly the Russian flag and illuminate a wing of City Hall in red, white and blue to mark Russia Day on Sunday, but the city refused. According to a statement from Arnold McLean, the city’s chief of protocol, his office received the request from the Embassy of the Russian Federation on Feb. 23, the day before Russian troops invaded Ukraine. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Axios ☛ Heat_wave_puts_70_million_under_warnings_from Tennessee_to_California⠀⇛ More than 70 million are under heat warnings and advisories this weekend through early next week as a potent heat dome sends temperatures soaring to levels the National Weather Service is calling “potentially deadly.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Loxy_Proxy⠀⇛ Loxy is a Gemini-to-HTTP proxy service written using ASP.NET Core 6.0. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1806 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_13/06/2022:_YaST_in_YaST-less_Systems_and_GCC_Contributors_Guide⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 4:32 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Kernel_Space o Instructionals/Technical o Desktop_Environments/WMs * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o SUSE/OpenSUSE o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Debian_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers # Mozilla o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o Programming/Development # Perl_/_Raku # Rust * Leftovers o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Pseudo-Open_Source # Openwashing o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Environment # Energy o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ SambaXP_talk_videos_posted_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ The 2022 sambaXP conference was held online at the beginning of June. Videos of the talks given at that event have now been posted on YouTube. Topics covered include Samba in containers, certificate auto-enrollment, symlink races, and more. # ⚓ Linux Plumbers Conference (LPC) ☛ CFP_Deadline_Extended_– Refereed_Presentations_–_Linux_Plumbers_Conference_2022⠀⇛ This is the last year that we will be adhering to our long-standing tradition of extending the deadline by one week. In 2023, we will break from this tradition, so that the refereed-track deadline will be a hard deadline, not subject to extension. But this is still 2022, and so we are taking this one last opportunity to announce that we are extending the Refereed-Track deadline from the current June 12 to June 19. Again, if you have already submitted a proposal, thank you very much! For the rest of you, there is one additional week in which to get your proposal submitted. We very much look forward to seeing what you all come up with. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_Joomla_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_Jammy_Linux –_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Learn the commands to install Joomla CMS on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy JellyFish Linux to start your own blog or website. On the Internet, after WordPress, Joomla is another popular open-source content management system to start with. The software is often offered for your own websites. It is a widely used CMS (Content Management System) that allows you to create and manage web projects. Being an open-source project, it is not only free but also constantly being further developed by the community. The core functions of Joomla can be extended as required by components, modules, and plugins. Generally suitable for websites whose content changes frequently or is constantly being expanded. These are, for example, blogs, shops, or communities. # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ How_to_Rename_a_Directory_on_Linux⠀⇛ Renaming a directory in Linux is easy, and there are plenty of ways to go about it. From renaming a single directory to finding and renaming many, here’s how to do it. # ⚓ Vitux ☛ Linux_Basics:_3_Ways_to_find_your_local_IP_Address in_Debian_11_–_VITUX⠀⇛ In our daily computer work, we need to know the IP address of our machine from time to time. This tutorial lists three ways you can use to find the IP address of your local network card in Debian 11 with the help of the terminal. # ⚓ Audio_controlled_Shelly_devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Sysdig_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Sysdig on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Sysdig is an open-source, system-level exploration application that capture, save, filter, and examine the real-time events of Linux systems. In a nutshell, it’s a robust performance analysis meth. You can integrate Sysdig with ansible, puppet, and logstash to extend the functionality. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Sysdig monitoring tool on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Moodle_on_Debian_11_–_LinuxTuto⠀⇛ Moodle is a popular, free, and open-source Course Management system based on PHP released under the GNU General Public License. The Moodle platform is highly customizable and takes a modular approach to features, so it is extensible and adaptable to your needs. It is probably most popular open source learning management platform available today. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Moodle on your Debian 11 OS. # ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_and_Configure_Envoy_Proxy_on Debian_11⠀⇛ Envoy proxy is a free and open-source service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install and configure the Envoy proxy on the Debian 11 server. # ⚓ OSNote ☛ How_to_Install_LEMP_Stack_on_AlmaLinux_8_and_Rocky Linux_8⠀⇛ LEMP is a popular web hosting stack used by developers and web hosting companies to test and host web applications. It comprises 3 components: the Nginx ( pronounced as Engine-X) webserver, MariaDB, and PHP which is a server-side scripting language. In this walkthrough, you will learn how to install the LEMP stack on AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux 8.4. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ TTY⠀⇛ I’ve always used tiling window managers, first i3 then more recently, dwm. In my search for something even lighter, I’ve come across dvtm, a window manager for the terminal. It acts, in most aspects, like dwm, having the same behavior, but in my case in a TTY. First impressions are that it’s much lighter, obviously, and smoother when especially when scrolling. Still getting used to the keybindings, but I definitely vouch for it. The default meta key is ctrl-g, although I’ll probably change it to alt as I’m more used to that. It has the default tiling layout of dwm, as well as a few others. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ YaST_in_a_YaST-less_system_|_YaST⠀⇛ We all know how awesome YaST can be for administering your (open)SUSE system. From managing the software repositories and the installed software to adjusting the systemd services and sockets. From creating LVM logical volumes to configuring Kdump (or fadump). From inspecting the systemd journal to fine-tuning the boot loader. From configuring network interfaces to adjusting the mitigations for CPU vulnerabilities. From setting the firewall configuration to managing your subscriptions to the different SUSE products… and so much more! But all that comes with a pretty obvious price. You must install YaST and all its dependencies in the system you want to manage. Those dependencies include the Ruby runtime, either ncurses or Qt (depending if you want the text-based or the fully graphical interface) and some other packages or libraries depending on what you want to achieve. For example, you need libzypp to install software or to manage the repositories. What if you don’t want to pay that price? Well, we have an special offer for you! Now you can use YaST to administer your system without installing YaST or any of its dependencies. Ideal for lovers of minimal systems like the MicroOS variants of SUSE and openSUSE. All you need is a container engine like Docker or Podman… and you are using one anyways if you are using MicroOS, isn’t it? o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Use_OpenVINO_to_convert_speech_to_text⠀⇛ Speech to text is one of the most common use cases for artificial intelligence. It’s used all over to allow easier human interaction. Phone tree automation is a common use case. This article will walk you through a speech-to-text example using OpenVINO, an open-source toolkit for optimizing and deploying AI inference. This example is a variant of the OpenVINO speech-to-text demo notebook which can be found in OpenVINO’s GitHub repository. # ⚓ Interest_in_a_ROCm_SIG? [Ed: SIG? Mainstream Fedora is stagnant owing to IBM attacking its own operating systems, starting with CentOS...]⠀⇛ A few people contact me directly trying to run things like PyTorch, which requires large amounts of ROCm to get working (most of which Fedora does not have yet). I feel like a SIG, or at least some wiki page would help organize things a bit for those who want to tackle it but are unaware of the resources available. Also is there a better mailing list for this? I’d hate to keep spamming devel with my ROCm related interest 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ o § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ben_Hutchings:_Debian_LTS_work,_May_2022⠀⇛ In May I was assigned 11 hours of work by Freexian’s Debian LTS initiative and carried over 13 hours from April. I worked 8 hours, and will carry over the remaining time to June. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Linux_Mint_Overhauls_Cinnamon_5.4_Desktop_for Anticipated_OS_Release⠀⇛  The new version of Linux Mint’s default desktop will feature improved support for multiple monitors and other enhancements. The developers of Linux Mint have announced a new version of the default Cinnamon desktop environment, version 5.4. The release comes ahead of the pending release of Linux Mint 21, dubbed “Vanessa.” The biggest change in Cinnamon 5.4 is a new version of the Mutter window manager, according to 9To5Linux. The JavaScript engine is also being overhauled. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ XDA ☛ EU_harmonizing_fast_charging_with_USB_PD_will_be_a big_deal_for_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Moto_G_5G_(2022)_review:_Remarkably unremarkable_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Gamesir_X3_for_Android_review:_Making notable_improvements_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ This_Is_How_Mozilla_Thunderbird_Mail_Will_Come To_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_enable_reverse_wireless_charging_on_your_Android smartphone_|_NextPit⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ This_incredibly_simple_detail_would_make every_Android_phone_better,_yet_Samsung_and_Google_strangely ignore_it_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Many_new_malicious_Android_apps_crop_up, delete_them_now_before_they_steal_your_data_and_cash_– PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ Android_12_Rolling_Out_To_Samsung’s Galaxy_A13_5G_In_The_US⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Samsung_set_to_debut_Android_12L_soon_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ postmarketOS_v22.06_brings_easier_upgrades,_UI improvements_to_the_mobile_Linux_distro⠀⇛ PostmarketOS is a Linux distribution optimized for smartphones and other devices with ARM-based processors. Initially designed as a project to breathe new life into old phones by giving them an operating system with long term support, the latest version of postmarketOS now officially supports 27 devices including phones, tablets, and single-board computers. It’s also now easier to update from one version of the Alpine Linux-based operating system to the next. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ LWN ☛ Mourning_Marina_Zhurakhinsakaya⠀⇛ We are sad to inform our community that Marina Zhurakhinsakaya died on Saturday. CW: cancer – Marina died on Saturday after winning her struggle with cancer for three years. We would like to elevate Marina’s message to encourage people to test themselves for genetic markers for breast cancer. You can donate in Marina’s honor to Dana Farber’s Metastatic Breast Cancer Research Fund… o ⚓ Apache Blog ☛ The_Apache_News_Round-up:_week_ending_10_June 2022⠀⇛ We’re wrapping up another great week with the following activities from the Apache community… o § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Mozilla_Introduces_Local_Machine Translation_Tool_for_Firefox⠀⇛ Mozilla introduced an Add-on to help you translate web pages locally without transmitting the data to the cloud or server. o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ New_versions_of_Collabora,_LibreOffice, KDE_Gear_released_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Fresh versions of three of the bigger open-source application suites just landed for those seeking to break free from proprietary office apps. LibreOffice is the highest profile of them, and the project recently put out version 7.3.4, the latest release in the Community version of the suite. The Document Foundation maintains two versions of LibreOffice; the other is the Enterprise branch. Both versions are free. The difference is that the Community version is the faster-moving development branch. It’s comparable to a free Linux distro, or a short-term Ubuntu release: there’s no commercial support, but you may be able to get assistance from other users – in other words, the Community. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ GCC_for_New_Contributors_—_GCC_Contributors_Guide_0.1 documentation⠀⇛ This is an unofficial guide to GCC’s internals, aimed at new developers, and at plugin authors. Source: https://github.com/davidmalcolm/gcc- newbies-guide I’m a relative newcomer to GCC, so I thought it was worth documenting some of the hurdles I ran into when I started working on GCC, to try to make it easier for others to start hacking on GCC. Hence this guide. # ⚓ LWN ☛ Diving_into_GCC_internals⠀⇛ For those who would like to know more about how GCC works, David Malcolm has enhanced his GCC for new contributors guide with a section on GCC internals. # § Perl / Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Strawberry_Perl⠀⇛ Last week I wrote blog post Do you want to get started with Perl v5.36? where I shared my experience with the latest release Perl v5.36. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Niko_Matsakis:_Async_cancellation:_a_case_study_of pub-sub_in_mini-redis⠀⇛ Lately I’ve been diving deep into tokio’s mini-redis example. The mini-redis example is a great one to look at because it’s a realistic piece of quality async Rust code that is both self-contained and very well documented. Digging into mini-redis, I found that it exemplifies the best and worst of async Rust. On the one hand, the code itself is clean, efficient, and high-level. On the other hand, it relies on a number of subtle async conventions that can easily be done wrong – worse, if you do them wrong, you won’t get a compilation error, and your code will “mostly work”, breaking only in unpredictable timing conditions that are unlikely to occur in unit tests. Just the kind of thing Rust tries to avoid! This isn’t the fault of mini-redis – to my knowledge, there aren’t great alterantive patterns available in async Rust today (I go through some of the alternatives in this post, and their downsides). [...] If you’ve not seen it, mini-redis is a really cool bit of example code from the tokio project. It implements a “miniature” version of the redis in-memory data store, focusing on the key-value and pub-sub aspects of redis. Specifically, clients can connect to mini-redis and issue a subset of the redis commands. In this post, I’m going to focus on the “pub-sub” aspect of redis, in which clients can publish messages to a topic which are then broadcast to everyone who has subscribed to that topic. Whenever a client publishes a message, it receives in response the number of other clients that are currently subscribed to that topic. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ UN_World_Food_Programme_High-Level_Supporter_Reggie_Khumalo to_Visit_Humanitarian_Projects_in_Africa [Ed: Where is the UN/WHO when it comes to protecting Africans from patents on crops, COVID-19 mitigations etc.?]⠀⇛ Following years of supporting humanitarian organisations and its causes, self- taught African fine artist Reggie Khumalo, who uses his art as a vehicle for social change, will this month be visiting World Food Programme (WFP) projects in Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda and Kenya. o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ Edward Betts ☛ Fixing_spelling_in_GitHub_repos_using codespell [Ed: Why does Planet Debian syndicate Microsoft brags?]⠀⇛ o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LinuxSecurity ☛ Open_Source_Security:_Key_Benefits_& Drawbacks_You_Should_Know⠀⇛ This article will explore the key benefits and potential drawbacks of open source security in under a minute. # ⚓ CISA ☛ Drupal_Releases_Security_Updates_|_CISA⠀⇛ Drupal has released security updates to address a Guzzle third-party library vulnerability that does not affect Drupal core but may affect some contributed projects or custom code on Drupal sites. Exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to take control of an affected website. # ⚓ LinuxSecurity ☛ A_Getting-Started_Guide_to_Improving Security_with_Open-Source_Static_&_Dynamic_Security Scanners⠀⇛ As open-source software becomes increasingly common in the infrastructure of businesses, it is essential to ensure the security of the software being relied upon. An increasingly popular cyber security solution is open-source SAST (Static Application Security Testing) and DAST (Dynamic Analysis Security Testing) security scanning, which give IT technicians and developers the ability to access the code of a certain piece of software to remove threats or improve the strength of its security. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Two_Weeks_Into_New_Job⠀⇛ comfortable new start I’ve ever had on a job. A big part of that is probably the fact that I’m senior now and have finally been able to internalise that. I know my strengths and skills. I know what I can bring to the table. The tech stack is diverse but not too complicated. We use the tools we need, but none of the extra and horrible cruft that large cloud providers offer. Privacy has by necessity been a part of the product since the very beginning; Schrems II hasn’t caused anyone to panic or scramble because no one had assumed that the Safe Harbour provision would stand up to EU human rights in the first place. o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ The_useful_part_of_cryptocurrency⠀⇛ Amid the current crypto price drop. I want to write about what cryptocurrency is actually useful for. And what I believe Crypto should be used for. Non of those NFT and ICO bulls*it. Or you can think this as my DD for investing in crypto. Or confirming my confirmation bias if you read WSB. At the very core of the cryptocurrency is the idea of trust and decentralization. Our current banking system depends a whole lot on trust. Users trust the bank to store, provide access and transfer their money given the user’s explicit instruction. And do it very reliably. We all know how that went. Credit card fraud is a real problem. 3D Secure is really the bank, merchant and the user passing the buck. Not to mention the shit show of the bank’s website and mobile app security. All of them claim “secure”. But they never get close the level of security that most computer scientists and engineers are looking for – Noting can possibly fscks up unless I fsck-ed up. # ⚓ Re:_The_useful_part_of_cryptocurrency⠀⇛ The amount of money that gets stolen daily over crypto is pretty big too. So I’m not super convinced it does a particularly good job in that regard. Like, “it’s more safe and secure” is not the hot take I would’ve expected on the same day that Celsius Network collapsed stealing everyone’s savings. # ⚓ Oatmilk_story:_Anyone_can_charge_your_credit_card without_your_consent⠀⇛ Say what you will about crypto, a few things about it make a lot more sense than what we have with our current banking system. Restricting the ability to send money exclusively to the owner of such funds is obvious. Anything else is absurd. It is surprising that the current system works. Anyone can charge your account, leaving it up to you to argue with the bank. Signatures are no longer required, making it even stupider. [...] I switched to Minor Figures oatmilk, which also became unavailable immediately. I love their packaging, but Oatley is a little better. But I managed to order Minor Figures directly from the distributor, 4 cases (of 6) at a time. I think the only way to do so was to sign up for autodelivery, every six weeks. I figured I’d do it for a couple of deliveries, and cancel. More easily said than done. A year later, dozens of emails and phone calls to Minor Figures and my bank, I am drowning in oatmilk. Oatley is now available again, and is a bit cheaper at Whole Foods than what I am charged for Minor Figures (because in the US, the dealer mafia is protected, and you cannot buy cheaper from the factory). But I just can’t get my order canceled. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ 2022_Week_23:_Thoughts_and_Photos⠀⇛ It’s been a roller coaster of a week at Rob’s Gemini Capsule, and in my own life. Much of it involves a personal matter I won’t bore my visitors with, but it has taken up much of my mental energy for the last seven days. [...] Two major changes are coming to the chess backend on Rob’s capsule: I am using a database instead of flat files to store game data, and I am using a proper chess engine for calculations instead of a crude shell script. I have never seriously worked with databases before, nor have I touched a chess engine or the UCI protocol, but making these changes will allow me to add more features to the frontend. I may not be able to finish by 1 July, but the project has already been quite informative, and I know visitors will have a better chess experience as a result. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ UK_CAT:_Policing_the_Process_in_Facebook/GIPHY_–_Disruptive Competition_Project⠀⇛ A little over a month ago the United Kingdom’s Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) heard arguments in Meta’s appeal against the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) order that Meta (Facebook’s mother company) unwind its previously completed acquisition of GIPHY, the provider of a searchable GIF database and related services. The CMA’s order was premised on a rather questionable theory of harm. While ostensibly about innovation and dynamic competition, the CMA’s arguments basically boiled down to “any reduction in the number of players in the market must be blocked, no matter how insignificant nor how beneficial the transaction”. Such an approach has obviously problematic consequences for innovation, investment, and entrepreneurship. These effects would be felt not only in the UK, which is in a state of regulatory competition with the European Union, but also internationally due to competition law’s extraterritorial reach. The CAT’s judgement will surely touch upon the extent to which the CMA is able to apply the law in this way, but the hearing revealed another important aspect of the case. Indeed, on the first day of the hearing, it was revealed that the CMA withheld for about 14 months the fact that Snap had purchased Gfycat (a GIPHY rival, as some had pointed out in the administrative process). The CMA also withheld the fact that Snap had been interested in purchasing GIPHY, but only at a much lower valuation. Snap valued GIPHY at $142 million (not the $315 million that Meta agreed to pay) and, as Meta’s lawyers argued, placed virtually zero value on GIPHY’s nascent display advertising business. # ⚓ Facebook/GIPHY_and_the_(Un)innovative_Theory_of_Harm⠀⇛ Towards the end of the last decade, the success of a handful of U.S. technology companies caused significant consternation amongst European policymakers. The initial response was a series of reports extrapolating new theories of harm in competition law for digital players. Some of these went even further, resulting in the creation of new regulatory regimes handing Government enforcers’ discretionary powers to intervene in the economy, with limited safeguards. In parallel, competition authorities stepped up enforcement using existing tools, resulting in a number of new enforcement actions at European and Member State levels, including former EU Member States. As these competition cases are brought under judicial scrutiny, there are lessons to be learned for future policymakers, both in terms of the new theories of harm being tested, and the importance of checks and balances on administrative discretion. The UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) decision regarding Meta’s acquisition of GIPHY is one of the first such examples. The CMA’s decision has been heralded as opening up a “new era” of antitrust enforcement against tech, and is based on an innovative theory of harm to dynamic competition. But is this new era actually going to be good for consumers and the economy more broadly? At a hearing at the Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) at the end of April 2022, the parties and a handful of third- party interveners (including the Computer & Communications Industry Association) made their views known. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2692 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_13/06/2022:_Linux_5.19_RC2⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:09 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux * Kernel_Space * Instructionals/Technical * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers o Content_Management_Systems_(CMS) o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Science o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_#186⠀⇛ I hope you are doing well! We had a good week in the world of Linux releases with the releases of openSUSE 15.4 and MakuluLinux 2022-06-10. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Migrating_From_Windows_to_Ubuntu:_The Ultimate_Guide⠀⇛ If you are a Windows user and still haven’t made the switch to the latest version, you may want to consider migrating to Ubuntu, the popular Linux distribution from Canonical. Ubuntu has strong support from developers and a massive software repository. It’s free, fast, and safe to use. Like many versions of Linux, it’s easy to install on a wide range of hardware. If this sounds good to you, here’s how you go about making the switch. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ What_Google_Can_Do_to_Boost_the_Sales_of Chromebooks⠀⇛ Google introduced Chromebooks back in 2011 as an alternative to traditional laptops. However, Chromebooks have only managed to capture 2.22 percent of the worldwide PC market in over a decade. These laptops by Google use Chrome OS as their default operating system, which is Linux-based. The OS has a great deal of potential and is extremely user-friendly. To be fair, if Google tweaks its strategies, these machines could potentially dominate the market. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Open Source Security (Audio Show) ☛ Episode_327_–_The security_of_alert_fatigue_–_Open_Source_Security⠀⇛ Josh and Kurt talk about a funny GitHub reply that notified 400,000 people. It’s fun to laugh at this, but it’s an easy open to discussing alert fatigue and why it’s important to be very mindful of our communications. # ⚓ GNU World Order (Audio Show) ☛ GNU_World_Order_464⠀⇛ # ⚓ Jupiter Broadcasting ☛ One_Cosmic_Collaboration_|_LINUX Unplugged_462⠀⇛ From skeptic to buyer, why the HP Dev One is the best Linux laptop yet. This is the one review you don’t want to miss. **kcodecs** , **kcolorchooser** , **kcompletion** , **kconfig** , **kconfigwidgets** , **kcontacts** , **kcoreaddons** , **kcrash** , and **kcron** from Slackware set **kde**. o ⚓ Video ☛ Will_There_Be_FEWER_Linux_Distros_In_The_Future?_ (Especially_Arch_Based_Distros)_–_Invidious⠀⇛ I have always thought that one of the biggest strengths of Linux is that we have so many distros to choose from. But many see the biggest weakness of Linux being that we have too many distros. I see a change coming though. I think in the future we might see far few Linux distros. * § Kernel Space⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux_5.19-rc2⠀⇛ It's Sunday afternoon, so it must be time for another release candidate. As usual, rc2 is fairly small, and there isn't really a ton going on here. Fixes spread all over, and the diffstat is fairly flat apart from a few notable things that had bigger changes: some amdgpu fixes, the xen stub iommu driver, and some ceph and zonefs fixes. The rest is all pretty much one- or few-liners spread out mostly everywhere. And yes, because I expected the rc2 week to be fairly quiet, I did a system update on my workstation, and as a result I spent a day or two then sorting out most of the fallout from the resulting compiler upgrade to gcc-12. Some of it ended up being a bit heavy- handed, and we'll be tweaking things further. And some of it ends up being an actual compiler misfeature, but it's being discussed too and is limited to just one file on the 32-bit i386 side (and does not seem to result in any actual bad code, just excessive stack use). Anyway, nothing hugely scary going on, let's just keep testing and fixing things. Linus o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Boot_Mainline_Linux_On_Apple_A7,_A8_And_A8X_Devices⠀⇛ [Konrad Dybcio] tells about his journey booting Linux on A7/8/8X processors, playing around with an old iPhone 5 he’s got in a drawer. It’s been a two-year “revisit every now and then” journey, motivationally fueled by the things like Linux on M1 Macs announcement. In the end, what we have here is a way to boot mainline Linux on a few less-than-modern but still very usable iPhones, and a fun story about getting there. * § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ o ⚓ TechTarget ☛ 11_cloud_programming_languages_developers_need_to know⠀⇛ o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ What’s_the_Best_Way_to_Run_Multiple_Operating Systems_on_Your_PC?⠀⇛ Undecided between Windows and Linux? It’s possible to run multiple OSes on a single machine either by dual booting or using a virtual machine. For most people, there’s no such thing as a “best” OS. You’re fine using the OS you’re most comfortable with. That said, each OS is different, and sometimes using multiple OSes is the most practical way to go. A programmer might use Linux for coding and Windows for testing, or an artist might use Windows for Photoshop and Linux for casual home use. But what if you only have one machine? That’s not a problem. You can run multiple OSes either by dual-booting or using a virtual machine. Let’s find out which one is best for you. o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 10_Risks_When_Dual_Booting_Operating_Systems⠀⇛ Considering installing a second operating system, and want to be aware of the risks? Having Windows and Linux installed on your PC gives you the best of both worlds. But it isn’t always smooth sailing. Dual booting can lead to problems, some of which are difficult to foresee. Is dual booting safe? Does it affect performance? Here are 10 risks of dual booting that you should be aware of before installing a second operating system. o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Build_Your_Own_Bootable_Linux_Live_CD⠀⇛ It’s easy to create a DIY bootable live CD in Linux, using third-party tools or official Linux operating systems. Need help? Follow these steps to create a Linux Live CD in minutes. A live CD (or “live disc”) is a CD, DVD, or USB drive with an operating system you can boot from instead of the one installed on your computer’s hard drive. Whether for system recovery or merely a portable disk for guest devices, a live CD offers varied functionality. You can use one to address problems with boot records, lost passwords, and infections. With Linux, it’s pretty easy to create a DIY bootable live CD. Check out how to build your own bootable Linux live CD, from software to creating a disc and finding an ISO. o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 3_Ways_to_Edit_the_boot/config.txt_File_on Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ You’re in the middle of a Raspberry Pi project when suddenly you realize there’s something wrong: fixing it means editing the config.txt file, which is found in the /boot directory. But what is the easiest way to access this file while the Raspberry Pi is still running? And if you must shut down to retrieve the microSD card, how should you edit it? Here’s everything you need to know about how to edit the Raspberry Pi config.txt file. o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Run_a_PowerPoint_Presentation_on Chromebook⠀⇛ Chrome OS is largely a cloud-based operating system, which means you can easily synchronize your data between devices. This can be helpful for students and corporate users who want to keep their data and presentations at hand at all times. A boost in hybrid work environments has increased the demand for the virtual sharing of ideas, and presentations are one of the best ways of doing so. The good news is you can use your Chromebook to create and run presentations pretty conveniently. So, let’s look at how you can run PowerPoint presentations on your Chromebook using two different apps. o ⚓ Kubernetes_Cheat_Sheet:_8_Commands_You_Can’t_Do_Without⠀⇛ Kubernetes is a container orchestrator consisting of master and worker nodes. It allows communication only through an API server, which serves as the core component of the control plane. The API server exposes an HTTP REST API that allows communication between internal components—like users and the cluster—and between external components. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 10_Lightweight_Linux_Distributions_to_Give_Your_Old PC_New_Life⠀⇛ Need a lightweight operating system? These special Linux distros can run on older PCs, some with as little as 100MB of RAM. Old PCs can’t cope with the demands of modern operating systems and software. While upgrading hardware such as memory can help, the better solution is a lightweight operating system. Many Linux distros are designed to be lightweight, with versions of Linux under 500MB and even under 100MB available. If you’re looking for a resource-light operating system for your PC, try these compact, lightweight Linux distros. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Partners_With_DOE_Labs_to_Advance_HPC_Containers⠀⇛ Red Hat this week announced it has allied with multiple U.S. Department of Energy laboratories to advance the adoption of containers in high- performance computing (HPC) environments. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories will collaborate with Red Hat to make sure that the same types o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ The_Software_Operator_Design_Pattern:_May_the force_be_with_you_–_Part_3_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ The software operator is a design pattern. A design pattern describes the approach to cover the operational tasks of an application’s implementation. The first post in this series introduced the concept of a design pattern in general. The second post covers the software operator design pattern in particular. In the second part, we also explained that a design pattern usually covers a discussion about consequences, advantages or disadvantages. After all, a “pattern” refers to an approach that has been applied multiple times. As a consequence, this experience should be written down to help software developers make informed decisions about which design to apply. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Proposed_Freedom_to_Repair_Act_Seems Unlikely_to_Make_Streaming_Piracy_Worse⠀⇛ Passed almost a quarter of a century ago, the DMCA prevents citizens from repairing many of their own electronic devices. The proposed Freedom to Repair Act 2022 seeks to fix this problem by allowing circumvention in strictly limited circumstances. This week the proposal was labeled “pro-piracy legislation” but is that a fair assessment or an expected overreaction? # ⚓ Computers Are Bad ☛ 2022-06-10_analog_phones⠀⇛ The greatest trend in telephone technology for the last decade or so has been the shift to all-IP. While this change is occurring inside telco networks as well (albeit more slowly), it’s most visible in the form of IP-based end-user communications devices. In other words, the ubiquitous office IP phone. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ DOOM?_In_Your_BIOS?_More_Likely_Than_You Think!⠀⇛ We’ve seen hackers run DOOM on a variety of appliances, from desk phones to pregnancy tests. Now, the final frontier has been conquered – we got DOOM to run on an x86 machine. Of course, making sure we utilize your PC hardware to its fullest, we have to forego an OS. Here are two ways you can run the classic shooter without the burden of gigabytes of bloated code in the background. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ An_Open_Toolchain_For_Sipeed_Tang_Nano_FPGAs⠀⇛ [Sevan Janiyan] shares their research on putting an open FPGA toolchain together. Specifically, this is an open toolchain for the Sipeed Nano Tang FPGAs, which are relatively cheap offerings by Sipeed from China. The official toolchain is proprietary and requires you to apply for a license that’s to be renewed every year. There’s a limited educational version you can use more freely, but of course, that’s not necessarily sufficient for comfortable work. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Daniel Aleksandersen ☛ The_Current_Version_of_Popular Browsers_API⠀⇛ What’s the current stable version of Google Chrome, Firefox, and Safari? Your browser automatically checks for and keeps itself up to date. However, sometimes you need to find the latest version numbers for other uses. How do you get the latest version numbers of the most popular web browsers? You could theoretically parse your server logs and get an approximate idea by observing the greatest of the most common version numbers. However, why bother to analyze and guesstimate data from logs when Wikidata (a sister project to Wikipedia) has the answer? A quick plea before I proceed: Please don’t discriminate against people’s browser of choice. Don’t restrict access to your site or services based on the visitor’s User-Agent. o § Content Management Systems (CMS)⠀➾ # ⚓ Oli_Warner:_Turning_my_sites_up_to_Eleven-ty⠀⇛ This site is now powered by a static site generator called 11ty. It’s awesome! I’ll try to explain some of my favourite things about it and reasons you might prefer it to stalwarts in the SSG arena. 15 years ago, training up on Django, I built a blog. It’s what webdevs did back then. It was really fast compared to WordPress but the editing always fell short, the database design got in the way more than it helped. Dogfooding your software means every problem is yours. I had a glossy coat but the jelly and chunks arrested my writing process. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Techtown ☛ How_to_Install_Scala_Compiler_on_Linux_Mint_20⠀⇛ Scala is an object-oriented, open-source programming language released under the Apache 2.0 license. This makes it possible to examine its source code for learning or adaptations. # ⚓ Justine Tunney ☛ Size_Optimization_Tricks⠀⇛ This blog post will cover some of the tricks I’ve used to make c / c++ / python binaries smaller using x86 assembly. Much of it will revolve around the Cosmopolitan codebase, since I recently received feedback from the ELKS project that they love the code and want to hear more about how the tricks cosmo uses can potentially improve projects as intriguing as a i8086 Linux port. In many ways I feel a kinship with the ELKS project, since the first thing I had to do, to build Cosmopolitan, was write an i8086 bootloader called Actually Portable Executable. Plus it pleased me to hear that people who’ve been focusing on the problem a lot longer than I have are pleased with what they’ve read in Cosmopolitan so far. So I figured it’d be nice to share with a broader audience. # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Work_Expands_to_Fill_the_Space⠀⇛ Projects get completed right before their deadline (if you’re lucky). Design complexity increases with more time (even for simple bugs). The principle applies to more resources than time – programs often are written (subconsciously) to make use of as much CPU and storage are available (see Google Chrome or Slack). I’d write fluff in grade school to reach an arbitrary 500-word requirement. Now – I try to keep it as short as possible while expressing my point. Work expands to fill the space. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Loss⠀⇛ Imagine your favorite thing that you own. For whatever reason, it is the material thing that you most enjoy. When you are having a bad day or a good day, it is always comforting to have and use that thing. You are definitely attached to it. Now imagine it is gone. One day you wake up and it is missing. There is no hope of finding it. Maybe you know exactly what happened to it. you know where it is. But it is completely destroyed. You could replace it with a very similar thing, perhaps an exact replacement. But that new one will never be the original. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Safety_Not_Guaranteed:_Flying_Motorcycle_Might Be_Coming_Soon⠀⇛ According to [Victor Tangermann] over at Futurism, JetPack Aviation is showing a prototype of its P2 Speeder flying motorcycle and it looks both awesome and — to quote Ralph Nader — unsafe at any speed. The prototype can lift 1,000 pounds, travel at up to 500 miles per hour, and cover up to 400 miles. We assume those things are not at the same time, of course. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ RC_Car_Repair_With_Beer_Can_Solder_Stencil⠀⇛ Sometimes it might seem as if your electronics are just jinxed. For [Niva_v_kopirce] it was the control board of his nephew’s RC car that kept frying the transistors. In situations like this, you can either throw it in the bin, invest your time in troubleshooting, hoping to find the error and try to fix it then, or get creative. He chose the latter, and designed and etched a replacement board. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ 13_small_ways_to_ditch_your_phone_and_live_more_in the_moment⠀⇛ A few weeks ago, right after I finished producing this Life Kit episode on how to take a break from our screens, I passed a mom and her daughter on their way to the park. The mom stopped suddenly. Patting her pockets frantically, she turned to her daughter and said, “Sweetie, we have to go back to the car. I forgot my phone.” Her daughter, who was already making a beeline toward the swings, turned to her mom and said, “Why?” # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Senate_poised_to_pass_bill_helping_soldiers exposed_to_toxic_substances⠀⇛ The Senate is set to vote this week on the Sgt. First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our PACT Act to expand healthcare and other benefits for a new generation of veterans who were exposed to toxic chemicals. The bill would largely benefit those who served after 9/11 and were exposed to toxic substances during that time. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ WTO_Meeting_Presents_Opportunity_to_Challenge Corporate_Control_Over_Food_Supply⠀⇛ o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ DocuSign,_Microsoft_expand_global_strategic partnership⠀⇛ DocuSign says the strategic partnership helps joint customers further achieve ‘anywhere’ collaboration and builds on Microsoft’s relationship as a DocuSign customer and partner – and also deepens existing integrations across Microsoft 365, Dynamics 365, and Power Platform applications to further automate contract processes. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_New_Film_Inspired_By_the_Murder_of_George Floyd⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Spy_in_the_Torture_Chamber⠀⇛ Did Agent Zula Nine Alpha lurk in the shadows of the black site in Thailand she ran as the two torture shrinks strapped a man down and poured water down his throat until he felt as if he was drowning, over and over again? Or did she step into the harsh interrogation light to let the terrified man glimpse the face of the woman who was supervising his torments? He had been stripped naked; every part of his body exposed before this silent, severe woman. Was it part of the plan? To ratchet up the psychological humiliation? To squeeze him from every angle until he broke? The man’s name is Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. He is a Saudi, who the CIA fingered as an Al Qaeda member who helped plan the 2000 bombing of the USS Cole, while it was docked in the harbor at Aden in Yemen. Two years later, Al-Nashiri was nabbed in Dubai by a CIA snatch-and-grab unit and hustled off to a CIA prison in Afghanistan. For the next four years, al- Nashiri was shuffled from one CIA black site to another: Thailand, Poland, Afghanistan and Romania. At each stop he was interrogated, threatened, abused, and tortured. Then in 2006, al-Nashiri was sent to Guantanamo, where he remains. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Trauma_Surgeons_Call_for_Gun_Reforms_in_Wake_of Mass_Shootings⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Glenn_Greenwald:_Joe_Biden’s_Revealing_Embrace of_Saudi_Despots⠀⇛ Glenn Greenwald criticizes Joe Biden’s increasing support for the bloody Saudi Arabian regime. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Big_Players_in_Finance_Profited_From_Gun_Used_to Kill_Shireen_Abu_Akleh⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Protesters_Call_for_Student_Strikes_If_Lawmakers Fail_to_Pass_Gun_Reforms⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Bipartisan’_Senate_Deal_on_Guns_Deemed “Pathetically_Weak”⠀⇛ A group of 20 US senators announced a deal Sunday on an outline of a bill designed to give the appearance that they are taking meaningful action. But gun safety advocates were quick to point out that the deal mostly ignored guns — and rather focused on those areas that the NRA and their Republican supporters prefer the debate to be: mental health and hardening of schools. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ At_March_for_Our_Lives,_A_Call_for_a Nationwide_Strike_of_Schools⠀⇛ Hundreds of thousands took to the streets in over 450 protests across the country Saturday demanding lawmakers take action on gun control laws in the wake of recent mass shootings in Uvalde, Texas, and Buffalo, New York. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Pardons_and_Prayers⠀⇛ There is more than one way to skin a cat. That was the lesson learned from (a) the murder of the school children in Uvalde, Texas and (b) revelations that came during the first public hearing of the January 6 committee that took place on June 9, 2022. But first things first. The Uvalde lessons. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_Haitian_People_Deserve Better⠀⇛ I have two memories of Haiti. The first was in 1993. I had led a United Nations delegation to Haiti to ascertain the consequences of the embargo imposed by the U.N. The embargo intended to put pressure on the military-installed regime to restore president Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ NATO_Membership_May_Spell_the_End_of_Finland_and Sweden_as_Social_Democracies⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ RTL ☛ Climate:_Africa’s_energy_future_on_a_knife’s edge⠀⇛ “Africa is home to 17 percent of Earth’s population but accounts for less than four percent of global greenhouse-gas emissions and only half-a-percent of historic emissions. The continent emits less than 1 tonne of CO2 per person, compared to seven in Europe or China, and more than 15 in the United States. “If the least-developed continent on our planet is going to leapfrog fossil fuels to renewables, rich nations must pay the climate debt they owe.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_“Almost_Heaven”_Appalachia IS_Heaven_Without_a_Fracked_Gas_Pipeline⠀⇛ Of all the indelible images from my 12-day Walk for Appalachia’s Future along the 303- mile route of the under-construction Mountain Valley Pipeline through West Virginia and southwest Virginia, none sticks with me more than 13-year-old Callie Coffey swinging on the playground of the community center where we camped one day. She is a child and that’s what children should be doing, instead of fighting for their future during climate chaos. So, she planned the grand finale rally in Richmond, VA, on June 4 with her middle school classmates. # ⚓ Thoughts_on_NFTs⠀⇛ I came across an Urbit group this morning for a company branding itself as a creators’ collective. The company sells NFTs, and owning one of their NFTs is currently a requirement for being invited to their platform. I find such a requirement to run counter to their purported goals. They claim to want to lower barriers of entry to their platform, but their NFT at time of writing costs about $150 USD. They claim to want to allow discovery of content without having to compete with paid promotions, but one must purchase a token from them in order to even access the content. They claim to want to protect consumers from invasive tracking, identification, and privacy violations, but the non-fungibility of NFTs inevitably ties the ownership of a given token to a uniquely- identifiable wallet. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Modernizing_An_Outdated_Electric_Vehicle Charging_Station⠀⇛ One of the drawbacks of being an early adopter is that you might end up investing in equipment that becomes obsolete rather quickly. Although it’s clear that electric vehicles are here to stay, those who bought a charging station for their EV a few years ago may find it slow and incompatible with modern cars or billing networks, necessitating an upgrade to one of the latest models. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Amazon’s_CEO_Pay_Is_More_Than_6,000_Times_That of_the_Company’s_Typical_Worker⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ginni_Thomas_Called_on_27_Lawmakers_to_Overturn Arizona’s_2020_Election_Results⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Call_Jan._6_What_It_Was:_An Explicit_Attempt_to_Stage_a_Coup⠀⇛ Rep. Mark Pocan recognized the significance of the language employed during last week’s extraordinary prime-time hearing of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. And he embraced it. # ⚓ Associated Press ☛ FBI_seizes_retired_general’s_data related_to_Qatar_lobbying⠀⇛ New federal court filings obtained Tuesday outlined a potential criminal case against former Marine Gen. John R. Allen, who led U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan before being tapped in 2017 to lead the influential Brookings Institution think tank. It’s part of an expanding investigation that has ensnared Richard G. Olson, a former ambassador to the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan who pleaded guilty to federal charges last week, and Imaad Zuberi, a prolific political donor now serving a 12-year prison sentence on corruption charges. Several members of Congress have been interviewed as part of the investigation. # ⚓ The Epoch Times ☛ Microsoft’s_Bing_Censors_Politically- Sensitive_Chinese_Names_in_US_Searches:_Report⠀⇛ Microsoft-owned search engine Bing is targeting politically sensitive Chinese names for censorship in the United States, according to research. Citizen Lab, a cyber research center at the University of Toronto’s Munk School of Global Affairs, found that the censorship applied to Bing’s autosuggestion feature. Moreover, it impacts not only Bing but also the Windows Start menu search and DuckDuckGo, which share this same feature. “We consistently found that Bing censors politically sensitive Chinese names over time, that their censorship spans multiple Chinese political topics, [and] consists of at least two languages, English and Chinese,” Citizen Lab stated in the report released on May 19. # ⚓ Politico ☛ Online_platforms_now_have_an_hour_to_remove terrorist_content_in_the_EU⠀⇛ Facebook, Google and Twitter now have an hour to take down flagged terrorist content spreading on their platforms or risk fines of billions of euros. Passed in 2021, the EU’s terrorist content regulation enters into force Tuesday. It seeks to crack down on terrorist propaganda on social media and viral livestreams of gruesome attacks such as the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. Public authorities such as law enforcement, interior ministries and Europol can now require a platform or cloud services to remove specific posts, music, livestreams, photos and videos inciting violence and glorifying terrorist attacks. Promoting terrorist groups and instructions for how to commit an attack will also be forbidden online. Any European Union country, from Hungary to Poland, can tell a company to remove terrorist content across the bloc. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Biden_Faces_Backlash_at_Summit_of_Americas_for Excluding_Countries⠀⇛ The US didn’t invite Venezuela, Cuba, and Nicaragua to Summit of Americas. # § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Albuquerque Journal ☛ White_supremacists_are_riling up_thousands_on_social_media⠀⇛ White nationalists and supremacists, on accounts often run by young men, are building thriving, macho communities across social media platforms like Instagram, Telegram and TikTok, evading detection with coded hashtags and innuendo. Their snarky memes and trendy videos are riling up thousands of followers on divisive issues including abortion, guns, immigration and LGBTQ rights. The Department of Homeland Security warned Tuesday that such skewed framing of the subjects could drive extremists to violently attack public places across the U.S. in the coming months. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Euractive ☛ Finnish_media_labels_Erdogan_‘dictator’ following_censorship_demands⠀⇛ Director and editor-in-chief of YLE news Jouko Jokinen brushed off Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s demands to stop broadcasting interviews with “terrorist leaders” on Thursday by describing them as “delusional imaginations of a dictator.” # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ India:_Protests_Over_Offense_to_the_Prophet_Leave Two_Dead⠀⇛ The second consecutive day of protests against blasphemy on the figure of the last of the prophets turned more violent. The torched houses and vehicles and the revelation of a video of police officers beating detained protesters all affirm the gravity of the situation. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ BBC ☛ Julian_Assange:_Does_Wikileaks_founder_have_a powerful_ally_in_new_Australian_PM?⠀⇛ Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has previously spoken against Mr Assange’s incarceration, and the activist’s family are counting on him to put pressure on the UK as the deadline for a critical deportation decision looms. # ⚓ Independent AU ☛ Julian_Assange_is_being_crucified_for_our sins⠀⇛ Among the rest (the majority) are the indifferent and those who are hostile to various degrees, precisely because the U.S. and the UK have captured him and put him on trial. Assange has to be guilty of something or other. After all, these countries are pivotal leaders of the “free world”. # ⚓ All Perspectives Ltd ☛ Julian_Assange’s_lawyer_likely_to have_been_‘subject_of_covert_surveillance’_–_government accepts⠀⇛ She said: “The UK Government has now admitted that its surveillance and information-sharing arrangements with the US violated my rights. That includes in relation to the protection of confidential journalistic material. # ⚓ Reuters ☛ Newly_released_memos_show_DOJ_weighed_prosecuting newspapers_in_Pentagon_Papers_case⠀⇛ A newly released pair of legal memos from 1971 — written by lawyers from the U.S. Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel as the Nixon administration scrambled to respond to the Pentagon Papers leak — reveal just how calamitous the case might have been for journalism. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Hong_Kong’s_Journalists_Are_‘Endangered Species’⠀⇛ In the two years since Hong Kong enacted its national security law, authorities have detained over 180 people including journalists, activists and lawmakers, — data from news and analysis site China File shows. And at least five news outlets have been shuttered. Some like Apple Daily and Stand News closed after authorities arrested staff or executives under national security or sedition laws. Others like the investigative outlet FactWire, which announced its closure Friday, cited only a “great change” in the reporting environment. In the past year, Hong Kong dropped from 80 to 148 on the press freedom index, where No.1 is considered the most free. Media watchdog Reporters Without Borders, which curates the list, says the security law triggered an “unprecedented setback.” o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_Chris_Hedges_Report:_The_Long_Road_Home_ (Part_2)⠀⇛ In the second of the two-part series The Long Road Home, we learn how five former prisoners have reentered society after spending a collective 119 years locked up. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Roots_of_the_LDS_Church’s_Opposition_to Same_Sex_Marriage⠀⇛ Polygamy was seen as uncivilized and thus not-white by many in the late 19th century United States. In President Hayes’s 1880 State of the Union, he called out Mormon polygamy proclaiming that “marriage and the family relation are the cornerstone of our American society” and asking Congress to reorganize Utah Territory to allow more “intelligent and virtuous immigrants” in. Immigration, marriage, and the family were as central to the rhetoric and politics of this Euro- settler-nation then as they are now. Settler- colonialism “destroys to replace” and “intelligent and virtuous immigrants” who become married and reproductive Euro-settler-couples are essential to the “replace” half of this equation. # ⚓ Devever ☛ Computers_are_an_inherently_oppressive technology⠀⇛ Yet the ruthlessness of machines does not imply or require malevolence on the part of their designers. Instead, the ruthlessness of machines is an intrinsic consequence of their nature, perhaps even an inevitable one. Suppose, for example, that a computer system is setup to accept some kind of bureaucratic filing, and to enforce a certain deadline. Were a human to accept delivery of such a filing, it is unlikely they would be bothered by the filing being late by a second. Not so with a computer; the computer was given a deadline of noon, and so a filing one nanosecond later is rejected. It does not matter if the filing not being accepted ruins someone’s life utterly, or leads to the destruction of one’s whole family, or for that matter to nuclear war; it was a nanosecond late, so it was late. There is no magnitude or scale of human misery that a computer’s decision might cause that will naturally overturn it. # ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Amazon_Is_Trying_to_Destroy_Its_Staten Island_Union_by_Firing_Union_Supporters⠀⇛ In firing union supporters, Amazon is viciously pursuing its goal of destroying the union. The existence of workers such as Cioffi inside JFK8 was intolerable for the company, so they are getting rid of them, hoping to tamp momentum even if the NLRB ultimately orders their reinstatement. The company continues to refuse to recognize the union and is fighting in the courts as well. Amazon filed twenty-five objections to the NLRB vote at JFK8 and is set to argue before a labor board judge on Monday that the union’s victory should be overturned. Amazon sought to restrict attendance at the hearing, which will be held over Zoom — a request the NLRB denied. # ⚓ NBC ☛ Tennessee_made_homeless_camps_a_felony._Colorado_is trying_something_else.⠀⇛ Other states have also attempted to criminalize homelessness in recent years. A review by the Pew Charitable Trusts’s Stateline outlet unearthed nine bills introduced in six states over the past two years that ban permanent homeless encampments, penalize cities and municipalities who don’t enforce laws to remove them, and make it a misdemeanor — punishable in some cases by fines up to $5,000 and a month in jail — to sleep on most public property. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ The_First_Amendment_Could_Provide_a_Fresh_Legal Approach_to_Defending_Abortion⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Rep._Krishnamoorthi’s_Ties_to_Hindu Nationalists⠀⇛ RSS is an all-male, far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary organization that boasts more than one million men under arms and draws its ideological inspiration from Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party. Its political wing is Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is led by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a lifelong member of RSS. To read this article, log in here or subscribe here. If you are logged in but can’t read CP+ articles, check the status of your access hereIn order to read CP+ articles, your web browser must be set to accept cookies. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3917 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_14/06/2022:_Oracle_Linux_9_Developer_Preview⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:27 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Audiocasts/Shows o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Screenshots/Screencasts o BSD o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Debian_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o SaaS/Back_End/Databases o Programming/Development # Java o Standards/Web * Leftovers o Science o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy o Finance o Civil_Rights/Policing o Monopolies # Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_181_–_Late_Night_Linux⠀⇛ Arch is really easy to install now, Graham uses his keyboard as a mouse, replacing expensive security platforms with FOSS, silly AI pictures, and Will baffles us with electronics technobabble. Plus feedback about all sorts, including a chance to hear the noise that sends Joe to sleep. # ⚓ Video ☛ Stop_Making_This_Simple_Linux_Packaging_Mistake_– Invidious⠀⇛ Linux package mangers are incredibly useful however there’s one thing that stops that being the case, when packages conflict with each other for seemingly no reason, you should by all accounts be able to install them together but the package manager says no. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Using_a_Tablet_as_a_Second_Monitor_in_Ubuntu is_Actually_Pretty_Easy_–_OMG!_Ubuntu!⠀⇛ Today I learn that it’s pretty easy to use an iPad or an Android tablet as a second monitor with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Not just “access your desktop” but “use it to extend your desktop” as though it were a regular, physically connected external monitor. I know: I’m supposed to be on the pulse of stuff like this and yet, here I am, monsieur slow-train, only learning about this capability cos it got mentioned it in a Reddit thread that, mercifully, passed before my eyes. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ The_5_best_video_players_for_GNOME_Desktop_| FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ Whether you’re watching your favorite YouTube video or an essential movie, listening to an audiobook or a podcast, or viewing something on Netflix, having the right video player can make all the difference. Although streaming online videos needs an internet browser, that doesn’t make these offline video players of no use. However, you will need a feature-full video player to play downloaded and recorded videos in different formats. With every operating system, a default video player comes pre-installed. Previously, Linux was mainly used for server administration, but it has been designed to be used on a personal computer with a user-friendly GUI in recent years. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ The_5_Best_QR_Code_Generator_Apps_for_Linux⠀⇛ Originally developed for the automotive industry, QR codes are gradually gaining popularity in other sectors, thanks to their high readability and the capacity to store more data. As a result, you’ll find QR codes in action across various applications today. Be it sharing vCards and Wi-Fi passwords or facilitating wireless payments, sharing app download links, or redirecting people to websites, QR codes can do just about anything. To get a QR code to do any of these, however, you need a QR code generator: a tool that can add information to QR codes. Here are some of the best QR code generators for Linux. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Toronto ☛ Linux_kernel_mode_setting_on_servers_(and Ubuntu_22.04)⠀⇛ In the abstract, Linux’s kernel mode setting (KMS) is having the kernel configure the display resolution, depth, and frequency in the graphics hardware instead of leaving it to user level code like the X server. In practice, KMS is three things that are currently completely tied together; the kernel graphics driver handling the actual mode setting, the kernel console switching from VGA text mode to a framebuffer console, and the kernel changing the graphics hardware to what is supposed to be the ideal (display) resolution when KMS activates (usually as the graphics driver is loaded). On desktops, this has a clear usage case and success story. The GUI environment is normally going to use KMS to set the display to its theoretical ideal resolution as soon as it starts. Setting the display up before then results in a smoother boot experience with less flashing, and it makes LCD displays happy as fast as possible (some of them will nag at users with on screen displays of ‘I am not at my ideal resolution’). And if modesetting fails, everything is out to lunch anyway (unless the login GUI can notice and invoke some sort of resolution fallback). # ⚓ Cloudbooklet ☛ How_to_Install_MariaDB_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛ How to Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 22.04. MariaDB is one of the most widely used database software built over MySQL and used for several well-known applications that utilize like WordPress and many more. In this guide you are going to learn how to install latest MariaDB community server on Ubuntu 22.04 This setup is tested on Google cloud, so it will work on all cloud hosting services like AWS, Azure or any VPS or any dedicated servers running Ubuntu 22.04. # ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ How_to_set_up_CUPS_print_server_on_Ubuntu_22.04 |_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ When multiple computers are connected to the same network, connecting each computer with a separate printer is impossible. Also, it is crucial to manage the print requests and send them to the appropriate printer if there are multiple printers. For this purpose, Print Servers are used. A print server is used to connect printers to the client’s computer. It can be a network device, an application, or a laptop. A print server’s job is to accept the print jobs, send them to appropriate printers, queue the jobs, count the pages, etc. It can manage hundreds of printers and is used in large companies and home offices. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Firealpaca_on_a Chromebook_with_Crossover_21⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Firealpaca on a Chromebook with Crossover 21. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ Cloudbooklet ☛ Install_phpMyAdmin_on_Ubuntu_22.04_with Apache⠀⇛ phpMyAdmin is a web-based application for interacting with MySQL database server. This tool provides you with a user interface to make MySQL operations so you don’t have to use the command line interface. In this guide you are going to learn how to install phpMyAdmin with Apache on Ubuntu 22.04 and secure it. # ⚓ Network World ☛ Removing_duplicate_characters_from_a_string on_Linux_with_awk_|_Network_World⠀⇛ The awk command can make it easy to remove duplicate characters from a string even when those characters aren’t sequential, especially when the process is turned into a script. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ MakuluLinux_Shift_2022-06-10⠀⇛ Today we are looking at MakuluLinux Shift 2022-06- 10. It comes with Linux kernel 5.13, based on Ubuntu 20.04, Gnome 3.36, and uses about 1GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ Video ☛ MakuluLinux_Shift_2022-06-10_Run_Through_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at MakuluLinux Shift 2022-06-10. o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Rubenerd:_Our_sites_are_now_on_FreeBSD_13.1- R⠀⇛ If the upgrade on my cloud instance went smoothly, you should be reading this. If not, you won’t be reading this. Which means, who would I be talking to? Hmm, that’s a bit meagre for a blog post, even one that’s an announcement of a job well done. Maybe it’d seem less pointless if I padded it out with a meandering paragraph of redundant prose that contains no meaningful substance whatsoever. But from which words would I construct such a literary device? And surely the modest, attractive, intelligent people who read this blog on a regular basis would see right through such an obvious charade? Fair call, I should probably avoid doing that. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Oracle_Linux_9_Developer_Preview_Now_Available_for Download⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce the availability of the Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview release for the 64-bit Intel and AMD (x86_64) and 64-bit Arm (aarch64) platforms. Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview is a major release that introduces many new features, enhancements, and changes. It is 100% application binary compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 General Availability (GA) release; Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview can be leveraged by developers, ISV and IHV to get ready for the GA release of Oracle Linux 9. Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview includes security feature updates, networking, high availability, and file system improvements, and enhanced developer tools, compilers, and scripting language support. Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview ships with the kernel-uek-5.15.0-0.23.1.el9uek Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 7 (UEK) and kernel-5.14.0- 1.7.1.el9 Red Hat Compatible Kernel (RHCK) packages. For details of the new features, enhancements, and changes, refer to the Oracle Linux 9 Developer Preview Release Notes. o § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian_Community_News:_Who_really_owns_Debian:_Ubuntu_or Google?⠀⇛ SPI, Inc now invoices Microsoft for donations o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Fridge:_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_739⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_739⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 739 for the week of June 5 – 11, 2022. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ Drag_soldering_a_100_pin_QFP_for_a PiStorm_600⠀⇛ I created a video to demonstrate how I drag solder QFP chips onto PCBs. This one being a CPLD for a PiStorm 600. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ ElectriPop_inflates_3D_Mylar_forms_using electrostatic_energy_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ If you’ve ever stuck a balloon to your head, you know that static energy is powerful enough to overcome gravity. It is also possible to produce that energy on demand by running electrical current through some materials, including metalized Mylar sheets. In a recent project from Carnegie Mellon University’s Future Interfaces Group, researchers utilized this effect to inflate 3D Mylar forms. As demonstrated in the ElectriPop video, cutting a slit into a sheet of metalized Mylar will cause it to separate when electricity passes through. This is electrostatic energy causing the two flaps to repel each other. Similarly, the same force can cause the Mylar to lift and stand up as it repels from a charged base. By cutting complex shapes and patterns into Mylar sheets, the researchers were able to create 3D forms that come to life when they apply electricity. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ MongoDB’s_foray_into_analytics_gets_warm reception_•_The_Register⠀⇛ At MongoDB’s recent conference in New York, the company demonstrated its ambition in taking on workloads from other databases. The company has made significant inroads into the database market with a developer-friendly distributed document database to help devs build modern, web-based, transactional systems. Time series and search have become targets, with the promise of support for secondary indexes in the former, and Search Facets to help developers build search experiences more rapidly in the latter. But it was the continued push into analytics that impressed commentators, who were also keen to point out the limits to what could be achieved in a document database. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Crosstab_calculation_in_R_|_R-bloggers⠀⇛ Crosstab calculation in R, To create a crosstab using functions from the dplyr and tidyr packages in R, use the following basic syntax. # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Variational_Mode_Decomposition_(VMD)_using_R_|_R- bloggers⠀⇛ VMD has been used in many scientific areas with true or synthetic data. I’ll explain the functionality of the VMDecomp R package using two simple use cases. # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Timing_data.table_Operations_|_R-bloggers⠀⇛ In a post last week I offered a couple of simple techniques for randomly shuffle a data.table column in place and benchmarked them as well. A comment on the original question, though, argued these timings aren’t useful since the benchmarked data set only contains five rows (the size of the table in the original post). That seemed plausible, so I’ve carried the test further. Often we’re interested in vectors with hundreds, thousands, or millions of elements, not a handful. Do the timings change as the vector size grows? To find out, I simply extended my computation from last time using microbenchmark and plotted the results below. I’m surprised to see just how much set() continues to outperform the other options even to fairly large vector sizes. # ⚓ Geeks For Geeks ☛ Load_PDF_From_URL_in_Android_with Kotlin⠀⇛ PDF View is most of the applications to display the PDF files within the application to display the pdf within our own application rather than redirecting to another application. If we want to display multiple pdf files within our application we have to host these files and then access these files with the help of their URL. In this article, we will be building a simple application in which we will be loading PDF from URL using PDF View in Android using Kotlin. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ Geeks For Geeks ☛ Top_50_Java_Project_Ideas_For Beginners_&_Advanced⠀⇛ Java (originally named, “Oak”) is considered to be one of the best languages when it comes to building projects and is also a highly paid one. Be it a web app, android app, or even a gaming app, Java is best in every application. According to GitHub, there are 9 million developers globally and this community grows on a daily basis. Java is a class-based, objective, secured, and universal programming language. It has a Write Once, Read Anywhere (WORA) feature which makes it unique. # ⚓ Geeks For Geeks ☛ Authentication_with_API_Key_in Java⠀⇛ Usually, in a web application, we will log in by using a username(email id/login name) with a password. Securely we can do the same by using an APIKey as well. Let us see what is an APIKey. The API key is a unique identifier that authenticates requests and if several users are there, their username or email id can be joined with the current date and a secure code meant only for that project by using the md5 mechanism, we can create APIKey and can maintain in a database. Let us see the ways of creating APIKey and inserting it into the database. o § Standards/Web⠀➾ # ⚓ Andre Franca ☛ USB-C_now!⠀⇛ Apart from that, to maximize profits, Apple is already not including chargers with the new iphones, which is an absurd. In Brazil, by the way, a judge, very correctly in my opinion, ruled in favor of consumer who bought a brand new phone, since this came to be considered a tying sale, that is, I sell you a product, then I sell you another one so that the first will work. # ⚓ Jim Nielsen ☛ Visualizing_My_Blog’s_Internal_Links_–_Jim Nielsen’s_Blog⠀⇛ I recently read a post which spurred an idea in my head. For the life of me I can’t find the original post. I looked in my notes, my RSS reader, my browser history — nothing. So I’m writing this post without citing the original source — maybe if you know it, you can reach out to me. The post was about links and the author said something like: “You don’t need to create tags in your writing. Your links are tags.” That struck me. While I’m not quite ready to abandon the semblance of structured tagging on my blog, the idea of thinking about links as tags was intriguing. It made me want to see the links I’ve created on my own blog. Consider it pompous, but I link to myself a lot. It’s my way of connecting ideas in my brain, even if I don’t formally tag them. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Vice ☛ Singapore_Company_Suing_US_Railroad_for_Train_Robbery⠀⇛ A Singapore-based shipper filed two lawsuits against Union Pacific for having $181,000 worth of merchandise stolen or contaminated while aboard the company’s trains somewhere between St. Louis, Salt Lake City and Los Angeles, according to court filings. Ocean Network Express, the Singapore-based shipper, claims in the first suit that $166,060 of L-Arginine, an amino acid supplement, was potentially contaminated when “The container was found at Los Angeles with doors open, the seal of the container having been breached during Union Pacific’s rail carriage of it.” The second lawsuit alleges theft of 360 solar panels worth a total of $15,796. It says the panels were “pilfered” while in Union Pacific’s custody. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ John Goerzen ☛ Really_Enjoyed_Jason_Scott’s_BBS_Documentary |_The_Changelog⠀⇛ Like many young programmers of my age, before I could use the Internet, there were BBSs. I eventually ran one, though in my small town there were few callers. Some time back, I downloaded a copy of Jason Scott’s BBS Documentary. You might know Jason Scott from textfiles.com and his work at the Internet Archive. The documentary was released in 2005 and spans 8 episodes on 3 DVDs. I’d watched parts of it before, but recently watched the whole series. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Pluralistic:_12_Jun_2022⠀⇛ McDonald’s had a history of serving coffee that was dangerously hot. It had received 700 complaints about the matter, and had had to settle numerous claims from people who were horribly burned by its coffee. However, it declined to settle with Liebeck, who initially sought $20k to cover her medical expenses. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Exploring_Webauthn_Use_Cases_—_Firstyear’s_blog-a-log⠀⇛ Webauthn is viewed by many people and companies as the future of authentication on the internet and within our workplaces. It has the support of many device manufacturers, browser vendors and authentication providers. But for Webauthn’s lofty goals and promises, as a standard it has many fractured parts. Many of the features it claims at best don’t work, at worst, present possible security risks. The standard itself is quite confusing, uses dense and obtuse language, and laid out in a very piecemeal way. This makes it hard to see the full picture to construct a proper security and use cases analysis. # ⚓ Threat Post ☛ Bluetooth_Signals_Can_Be_Used_to_Track Smartphones,_Say_Researchers_|_Threatpost⠀⇛ Researchers demonstrated a possible way to track individuals via Bluetooth signals. Researchers warn Bluetooth signals can be used to track device owners via a unique fingerprinting of the radio signal. The technique was presented via a paper presented at IEEE Security and Privacy conference last month by researchers at the University of California San Diego. The paper suggests that minor manufacturing imperfections in hardware are unique with each device, and cause measurable distortions which can be used as a “fingerprint to track a specific device”. # ⚓ Kev Quirk ☛ Segregating_Email_With_Sub-Domains_–_Kev Quirk⠀⇛ I like to segregate my email by using unique addresses for many services. This makes things more secure, but it isn’t perfect… My pal, Luke Harris, recently wrote about how he’s decided not to use plus addressing any more and I get why. Plus address can be useful for stopping spam, but it’s easy to lose track of which address you have used where. Luke talks about a recent example in his post where he thought his Twitter account used the +twitter plus address, but was actually using +social. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ HelloXD_ransomware_bulked_up_with_better encryption,_nastier_payload⠀⇛ Windows and Linux systems are coming under attack by new variants of the HelloXD ransomware that includes stronger encryption, improved obfuscation and an additional payload that enables threat groups to modify compromised systems, exfiltrate files and execute commands. The new capabilities make the ransomware, first detected in November 2021 – and the developer behind it even more dangerous – according to researchers with Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 threat intelligence group. Unit 42 said the HelloXD ransomware family is in its initial stages but it’s working to track down the author. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ PIA ☛ PIA_Is_Leaving_India_Due_to_Data_Collection Directive⠀⇛ The Indian government has announced a new data collection directive, No. 20(3)/2022- CERT-In, which goes into effect on June 27, 2022. The legislation forces data-handling companies, including VPNs, to collect customers’ personal information. It also requires your data to be stored and shared (if needed) for up to five years – even if you stop using the service. This new ruling affects VPNs directly, since any online service with physical infrastructure in India has to comply with the new legislation. To comply with the new legislation while also being able to maintain our customers’ privacy, Private Internet Access will be removing its VPN servers located in India. That said, our clients will still have access to Indian IP addresses using our geo-located servers. # ⚓ Stacy on IoT ☛ Moving_away_from_your_smart_home? Here’s_what_you_should_do⠀⇛ On our latest IoT Podcast episode, we take a question that Joel left on our IoT Voicemail Hotline. Joel is moving and he’s leaving behind his smart thermostat, a video doorbell, some sensors, and a water controller. He wants to know the best way to leave the devices, as well as instructions for them, to the new homeowners. I assume Joel had all of these devices still installed when the house was on the market. Technically, anything installed — particularly devices that are hardwired — during a showing should stay behind. That’s something to keep in mind for any smart home owners who plan to sell their house: Disconnect any gear you want to take with you before your house hits the market. # ⚓ Garante_per_la_protezione_dei_dati_personali_(Italy) –_9777996_–_GDPRhub⠀⇛ The Italian DPA fined a public waste collection company (processor) €200.000 for installing video surveillance systems without prior authorisation of the Municipality of Taranto (controller) and posting video’s on Facebook with identifiable persons without a legal basis. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ The_January_6_Militia_Witnesses_Are Cooperating_with_DOJ,_Probably_Not_the_January_6_Committee⠀⇛ I doubt that Cheney’s comment reflects any greater insight into where DOJ is headed than I’ve gotten from tracking DOJ’s investigation closely, though as I’ll explain below, the Committee undoubtedly has non-public insight into how the militias coordinated with those close to Trump. (One possible — and important — exception to this assumption might be Joshua James, the Oath Keeper who is known to have testified in an NYPD inquiry targeting Roger Stone associate Sal Greco.) While the Committee showed clips of depositions it had with Stewart Rhodes (pleading the Fifth in response to a question about arming members), Enrique Tarrio (expressing regret he didn’t monetize the Stand Back and Stand By comment), and Jeremy Bertino (who is Person-1 in the sedition indictment charging the Proud Boy leaders and who told the Committee that membership tripled in response to Trump’s comment), the more substantive claims about the militias on Thursday always cited the indictments against them, not evidence independently gathered by the Committee. o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Franz Dill ☛ The_Eponymous_Pickle:_Rethinking Datacenters⠀⇛ More efficient electronics and improved datacenter cooling systems have emerged in recent years. Yet, these gains are insufficient to offset the enormous and growing demand for computational power, and the energy it draws. Grand View Research predicts that the datacenter colocation market will grow by a 13.3% annual rate through 2028. # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ The_Cost_to_Participate_In Decentralized_Networks⠀⇛ The cost to run an Ethereum 2.0 validator will be 32 ETH ($50,000 at today’s prices). Not to mention the operational overhead of running and maintaining complex software. Sure, you can pool resources (centralization) or outsource -as-a-Service (centralization). o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ RBA’s_rate_rise_gives_free_billions_to Aussie_banks⠀⇛ When the Reserve Bank announced the biggest single rise in the cash rate in 22 years, it was not only the end of the era of ultra-low interest rates. Going it alone compared to its international colleagues to quash inflation, Australia’s central bank is gifting banks risk-free billions, reports Callum Foote. The move by Australia’s central bank to lift its cash rate target by 50 basis points to 0.85% made worldwide news, surprising Australian and international economists alike. International analysts at Reuters and Bloomberg had been expecting a rate hike of 25 basis points or 40 basis points. This was mirrored by domestic banks ANZ and Westpac who strongly argued for a 40 basis points increase in similar editorials. The domestic swaps market had priced in a 32 basis points move, with the futures market at a more conservative 29 basis points move. The RBA’s aggressive move was made as “inflation has picked up significantly and by more than expected,” according to the bank’s governor Philip Lowe. # ⚓ CBC ☛ Nearly_1_in_4_homeowners_say_they’d_have_to_sell_home if_interest_rates_rise_more,_according_to_survey⠀⇛ Nearly one in four homeowners say they will have to sell their home if interest rates go up further, according to a new debt survey from Manulife Bank of Canada. The survey, conducted between April 14 and April 20, also found that 18 per cent of homeowners polled are already at a stage where they can’t afford their homes. More than one in five Canadians expect rising interest rates to have a “significant negative impact” on their overall mortgage, debt and financial situation, the survey found. # ⚓ CBC ☛ Debt-to-disposable-income_ratio_eases_down_from record_185%_|_CBC_News⠀⇛ Statistics Canada says the amount Canadians owe relative to their income pulled back in the first quarter from the record level set in the fourth quarter of 2021, as incomes grew faster than debt. The agency says, on a seasonally adjusted basis, household credit market debt as a proportion of household disposable income fell to 182.5 per cent compared with the record 185 per cent in the previous quarter. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ CBC ☛ More_people_are_heading_back_to_the_workplace,_but that_doesn’t_mean_they_all_like_it_|_CBC_News⠀⇛ Career consultant Sweta Regmi remembers the days when working from home was unfathomable to her. If you had asked her years ago, when she was employed at a call centre, Regmi would have had a question of her own for you. “Are you crazy?” Regmi, founder and CEO of Teachndo Career Consultancy in Sudbury, Ont., said, laughing at the distant memory. But that was then — not today, when even her former colleagues at the call centre have been working from home amid a pandemic-era pivot toward more flexible work. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Daniel Miessler ☛ How_Good_is_DALL·E_2_at_Creating NFT_Artwork?_–_Daniel_Miessler⠀⇛ So the art is a big piece of it. You still need to hype it, get people to believe in its value, etc. # ⚓ Michael Geist ☛ Defending_the_Indefensible:_If_Bill C-11_Won’t_Pass_Until_the_Fall,_Why_is_the_Government Cutting_Off_Debate_and_Review_Now?_–_Michael_Geist⠀⇛ The government’s motion to cut off Bill C-11 debate will head to a vote on Monday as it seeks to wrap up submission of amendments, voting on all amendments, the House of Commons report stage, and third reading within a week. Liberal MPs argue that Conservative filibustering at committee necessitates the motion, yet with Canadian Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez acknowledging that a Senate review of the bill will likely have to wait until the fall, there is no deadline and no obvious need to curtail proper review of amendments and House debate. Indeed, by rushing through the amendment review of the bill, the government undermines the credibility of the committee process and makes a full Senate review even more essential. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4939 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.13.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_13/06/2022:_Thunderbird_on_Android_and_IPFire_2.27_Core_Update_168⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 11:02 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Audiocasts/Shows o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Reviews o New_Releases o SUSE/OpenSUSE o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Devices/Embedded o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers # Mozilla o GNU_Projects o Programming/Development # Python * Leftovers o Hardware o Security # Fear,_Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation o Defence/Aggression o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Envoy_Proxy_Unveils_Envoy_Gateway_For_North-South_Traffic⠀⇛ First off, for those unfamiliar, Envoy Proxy is an open source cloud-native proxy. It was initially designed at Lyft and was then released as OSS in 2016. Envoy has been instrumental to the proliferation of service mesh; it’s the sidecar proxy at the heart of Istio and other service meshes. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ Enterprise_Linux_Security_Episode_31_–_How_NOT_to Research_Security_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A “researcher” with a screen name of “Sockpuppets” decides to demonstrate how insecure some specific online resources are, in the worst way possible. # ⚓ WP_Briefing:_Episode_33:_Some_Important_Questions_from WCEU⠀⇛ In the thirty-third episode of the WordPress Briefing, hear Josepha Haden Chomphosy recap important questions from WordCamp Europe, and a selection of Contributor Day interviews. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.19-rc2_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Kernel_prepatch_5.19-rc2⠀⇛ The second 5.19 kernel prepatch is out for testing. # ⚓ Drew DeVault ☛ The_Helios_microkernel⠀⇛ I’ve been working on a cool project lately that I’d like to introduce you to: the Helios microkernel. Helios is written in Hare and currently targets x86_64, and riscv64 and aarch64 are on the way. It’s very much a work-in-progress: don’t expect to pick this up and start building anything with it today. Drawing some inspiration from seL4, Helios uses a capability-based design for isolation and security. The kernel offers primitives for allocating physical pages, mapping them into address spaces, and managing tasks, plus features like platform- specific I/O (e.g. reading and writing x86 ports). The entire system is written in Hare, plus some necessary assembly for the platform bits (e.g. configuring the GDT or IDT). Things are still quite early, but I’m pretty excited about this project. I haven’t had this much fun hacking in some time 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ We have several kernel services working, including memory management and virtual address spaces, and I’ve written a couple of simple drivers in userspace (serial and BIOS VGA consoles). Next up is preemptive multi-tasking — we already have interrupts working reliably, including the PIT, so all that’s left for multi-tasking is to actually implement the context switch. I’d like to aim for an seL4-style single-stack system, though some finageling will be required to make that work. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ viu_–_Terminal_Image_Viewer_with_Kitty Graphics_Protocol_support⠀⇛  One of our favorite adages is “A picture is worth a thousand words”. It refers to the notion that a still image can convey a complex idea. Images can portray a lot of information quickly and more efficiently than text. They capture memories, and never let you forget something you want to remember, and refresh it in your memory. Images are part of every day internet usage, and are particularly important for social media engagement. A good image viewer is an essential part of any operating system. viu is different from the vast majority of image viewers. It’s a small command-line program to view images from the terminal. It also supports the Kitty Graphics Protocol. This allows you to view high resolution images direct in a terminal. viu is written in Rust and published under an open source license. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Joomla_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Joomla on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Joomla is a free and open-source content management system for publishing web content on websites. It is built on PHP and stores its data on an SQL-based database engine on the backend such as MySQL/MariaDB. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Joomla content management systems on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ How_to_Disable_Lock_Screen_App Notifications_in_Ubuntu_22.04_/_Fedora_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Some applications display notifications in the lock screen, which could be quite annoying! If you want, you can disable all of them or certain app notifications easily via Gnome Control Center. 1.) Firstly, go to the top-right corner system menu. Then click on “Settings” to open system settings utility, which is also known as gnome control center. # ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ How_To_Import_QCOW2_Image_Into_Proxmox_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ In this guide, we will see how to import QCOW2 into Proxmox hypervisor and how to create a virtual machine using the QCOW2 image in Proxmox. # ⚓ ByteXD ☛ How_to_Use_Bash_Command_Line_Arguments_in_Scripts –_ByteXD⠀⇛ In this article we’ll learn the most important and common ways to pass command-line arguments to our bash script. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_Joomla_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_Jammy_Linux –_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Learn the commands to install Joomla CMS on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy JellyFish Linux to start your own blog or website. On the Internet, after WordPress, Joomla is another popular open-source content management system to start with. The software is often offered for your own websites. It is a widely used CMS (Content Management System) that allows you to create and manage web projects. Being an open-source project, it is not only free but also constantly being further developed by the community. The core functions of Joomla can be extended as required by components, modules, and plugins. Generally suitable for websites whose content changes frequently or is constantly being expanded. These are, for example, blogs, shops, or communities. # ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_Apache_CouchDB_NoSQL_Database Server_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ Apache CouchDB is an open-source NoSQL database developed by the Apache Software Foundation. This tutorial will teach you how to install Apache CouchDB Database Server on a Debian 11 server. You will also learn how to perform some basic database operations and access CouchDB via a public URL using the Caddy web server. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_install_the_latest_version_of_Checkmk on_Ubuntu_22.04_|_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Checkmk is a very popular monitoring system that empowers administrators, managers, and DevOps teams to quickly identify issues that appear across their IT infrastructure. With Checkmk, you can closely monitor your inventory of servers and desktops for network traffic issues, CPU bottlenecks and even manage configurations. Checkmk is scalable, can monitor a vast array of services and works with most operating systems. With a recent update, the developers of Checkmk have added Kubernetes support into the mix. If your business works with containerized applications and services, this might be a great time to deploy this helpful monitor to your systems. I want to walk you through the process of installing the latest version of Checkmk to Ubuntu Server 22.04. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ A_big_change_for_Samba_in_Ubuntu_22.04_and how_to_get_around_it_|_TechRepublic⠀⇛ With the release of Ubuntu 22.04, several changes occurred under the hood to make this latest LTS release one of the best in the history of the Canonical-backed Linux distribution. But there’s one change that has caused a bit of a stir. That problem is the default permissions of the user’s home directories. Previously, the user’s home directory permission was set to 755, which allowed other users to view the directory as well as the containing files and sub-directories. To avoid such a security issue, the developers have set the permission to the home directories as 750, which means only the owner of the home directory can view the contents. If you tend to share out your ~/Public folder, this causes a big problem with Samba, in that the owner of the home directory is the only one who can access or traverse the folder either locally or across your LAN. This change was done purely for security reasons, and I believe it was the right way to go, as there is no reason why other users should be able to view the content of each other’s home directory. With Samba, even if you use public = yes, only the owner of that home directory can see the share. That means even if you specifically allow others to create and delete files in this folder via the Nautilus Public Properties window (Figure A), it will not work. # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Change_Apache_HTTP_Port_in_Linux⠀⇛  In Apache, the default non-secure HTTP connection uses port 80, and the TLS configuration serves the data over port 443. Today, you will learn how to change the default Apache HTTP port to your custom port in a few steps. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ EasyOS:_Fast_first-time_bootup⠀⇛ I posted that if booted on a very cheap flash-stick, there will be a considerable delay while ‘easy.sfs’ is copied from the boot-partition to the working-partition. o § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Distro Watch ☛ Review:_Rolling_Rhino_Remix⠀⇛ The concept of Rolling Rhino Remix is one which I feel is worthwhile. A lot of people have been saying for years that Ubuntu could benefit from a proper rolling release branch, not just a development repository. However, few developers have taken on the task, trying to make it work. Rhino is a decent attempt at making this a working option. Some things are definitely working and working well. The initial configuration command (rhino- init) and the update command (rhino-upgrade) seem to work properly to set up the system and bring all packages up to date. These functioned as expected and I was pretty happy with them. The Pacstall framework seems to be getting larger and more polished since I first tried it last year. There are still some issues when searching for packages, but installing new items seems to work without any problems. The one sore spot in my experience was the rhino- config command line program. Running rhino-config rarely worked properly. Sometimes the tool falsely reported the status of features, sometimes it failed due to problems in calling sudo, and sometimes it incorrectly interpreted command line flags. It was an ongoing problem in what was otherwise a mostly smooth experience. I will say though that making the two of the rhino- commands aliases rather than scripts strikes me as a problem. As I mentioned above, using aliases will break the tools if the user switches shells and it seems to cause issues when some commands try to run sudo, especially if sudo doesn’t already have our cached credentials. In short, I think Rhino is off to a promising start. It needs a few things worked out and maybe a few things automated before I’d say it’s ready for general consumption, but it’s off to a decent start. I especially think Ubuntu could benefit from a rolling release in the way Rhino is trying since it supports working with ZFS which allows the administrator to take filesystem snapshots before each upgrade. I’d love to see tools like boot environments or Timeshift added to Rhino in order to make its rolling upgrades bulletproof. One final point I’d like to mention is Rhino’s documentation. Rhino is a fairly young project, but the remix-specific documentation which covers installing and using the rhino- utilities is clear and detailed. Not many young projects pay attention to documentation this early in their development and I tip my hat to the developers for making this a priority. It helped me a lot when I was trying to sort out some of the workings of rhino-update and rhino-config. o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ IPFire Official Blog ☛ IPFire_2.27_–_Core_Update_168 released⠀⇛ Another update of IPFire is ready: IPFire 2.27 – Core Update 168. It comes with significant improvements to the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), various security improvements, an updated version of Linux’ firmware bundle, as well as a heap of updated packages and bug fixes. Heads up! IPFire running on software RAIDs will need to rebuild their RAIDs. It is possible, that the RAID was damaged since the last update due to failure to initialise it correctly at boot time (#12862). Systems affected by this problem, would have run just fine, but without the RAID. During the installation of this update, the RAID will be fixed. For that, a reboot is required after installing the update, and it might be necessary to be able to boot from the secondary RAID device. o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ KRZN_drives_digital_transformation with_SUSE_Rancher⠀⇛ o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ TrustyAI_–_an_open_source_project looking_to_solve_AI’s_bias [Ed: Red Hat as a clown/cloud of hype and buzzwords, framed as "ethical"]⠀⇛ The next decade will see giant leaps forward in 5G, edge computing, enterprise Linux and plenty of other areas. As organizations look at the opportunities ahead, they must weigh both the opportunities and the risks. One such exciting area is artificial intelligence (AI). As the tools and methodologies advance, many organizations are looking to use AI to improve business efficiencies, bring innovation to customers faster, gain actionable market insights and more. However, the rush to put AI in place without always knowing what it can be used for, or how to use it, can lead to problems with the systems and the data itself. We have heard many stories of when AI makes the “wrong” decision due to built-in biases, and in some cases, the outcome can be life or death. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Tech_–_Raspad_–_Ideal_Wheels⠀⇛ What is a tablet? I’ve been pondering a bit more upon the philosophical imperatives and tensions, also the historical and poetic dimensions of the cybercortex. When I think of the word “stylus”, for instance, a word inextricably yoked to “tablet”, the image in my native pictorial language is of a learned woman of Roman era Hellenistic Egypt, holding a stylus to her lips in pensive thought. She was captured thus, in a gesture likely taken from living memory, and painted upon hear mummy’s death mask. Thus her ba (Earthly spirit), or was it ba, might recognize her to return for rest. Her stylus spoke without a word from 2000 years to us, of who she was and how she inhabited the written word. She was a woman I’d like to know. Just so, the wax or clay filled wooden tablet upon which that lady wrote is likely now long gone. Probably no words remain from that scholar or poet, even on parched papyrus buried in the desert. It’s a poignancy: this one person is now famous for an image meant to be kept more secret than her writing. Thus does the modern gaze violate all propriety. But apropos, it also connotes the evanescence of the written word, even in stone. Oral band cultures could pass stories along for 10000 years or more, we know now. Something about the written word dies young in its desperation for permanence. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Keeps_Ball_From_Falling_Off Plate_Using_AI_|_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛ Finding the right angle to approach a Raspberry Pi project can be tricky. Still, maker and developer Parisiancyclist, as he’s known on Reddit, has found a happy balance with this mesmerizing ball on a plate project (opens in new tab). With the help of a Raspberry Pi, it automatically tilts a plate as needed to prevent a ball from falling over the edge. According to Parisiancyclist, the project took roughly a week and a half to develop from scratch. He not only developed the physical plate tilting apparatus but also coded the project to use AI to evaluate the ball’s location and determine how much to angle the plate to keep it from falling off. # ⚓ Using_the_U-Boot_Extension_Board_Manager_–_BeagleBone Boards_Example_–_Bootlin’s_blog⠀⇛ As explained in the first two blog posts, the BeagleBone boards are supported by a wide number of extension boards, called capes. When such a cape is plugged in, the description of the devices connected to the board should be updated accordingly. As the available hardware is described by a Device Tree, the added devices on the cape should be described using a Device Tree Overlay, as described in the first blog post. # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ Avnet_introduces_SMARC_module_based_on_NXP’s i.MX_8M_processor⠀⇛ Avnet has launched the SM2S-IMX8ULP which is compliant with the Smart Mobility Architecture (SMARC) 2.1.1 standard form factor. The scalable device integrates the i.MX 8M Arm processor architecture from NXP and runs on Linux, Android and Microsoft Azure Sphere. The SM2S-IMX8ULP SMARC 2.1.1 has the option to integrate the dual or single core ARM Cortex-A35 processor (up to 1GHz), the Arm Cortex-M33 real- time core (up to 216MHz) and the Vivante GC NanoUlta 3D GPU. The Vivante GPU can support OpenGL ES (1.0, 2.0, 3.1), Vulkan and OpenCL 1.2. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ What_Are_The_Best_Phone_Brands_For Android_Updates?⠀⇛ # ⚓ India Today ☛ How_to_copy_text_from_photos_on_Android_– Information_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ PC World ☛ Best_antivirus_for_Android_2022:_Protect_your phone_or_tablet_|_PCWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ How_to_factory_reset_your_Android_phone_or tablet⠀⇛ # ⚓ Business Standard ☛ CERT-IN_flags_multiple_weak_spots_in Android_OS_carrying_data_leak_risk_|_Business_Standard_News⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Mozilla_Thunderbird_Open-Source_Email Client_Is_Coming_to_Android_Devices⠀⇛  The Mozilla Thunderbird and K-9 Mail projects work on an improved version of the K-9 Mail open-source Android email app by offering users a better account setup experience using Thunderbird’s account auto-configuration wizard, the ability to sync Thunderbird desktop and mobile apps, support for message filters, and improved folder management. In time, this work that the developers of the Mozilla Thunderbird and K-9 Mail projects plan to implement in the coming months will transform the existing K-9 Mail app for Android into Thunderbird for Android. # ⚓ Thunderbird ☛ Mozilla_Thunderbird:_Frequently_Asked Questions:_Thunderbird_Mobile_and_K-9_Mail⠀⇛ Today, we announced our detailed plans for Thunderbird on mobile. We also welcomed the open-source Android email client K-9 Mail into the Thunderbird family. Below, you’ll find an evolving list of frequently asked questions about this collaboration and our future plans. # ⚓ Thunderbird ☛ Revealed:_Our_Plans_For_Thunderbird_On Android⠀⇛ For years, we’ve wanted to extend Thunderbird beyond the desktop, and the path to delivering a great Thunderbird on Android™ experience started in 2018. That’s when Thunderbird Product Manager Ryan Lee Sipes first met up with Christian Ketterer (aka “cketti”), the project maintainer for open-source Android email client K-9 Mail. The two instantly wanted to find a way for the two projects to collaborate. Throughout the following few years, the conversation evolved into how to create an awesome, seamless email experience across platforms. But Ryan and cketti both agreed that the final product had to reflect the shared values of both projects. It had to be open source, respect the user, and be a perfect fit for power users who crave customization and a rich feature set. “Ultimately,” Sipes says, “it made sense to work together instead of developing a mobile client from scratch.” # ⚓ Video ☛ Why_Thunderbird_is_teaming_up_with_this popular_Android_app._–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ K9_mail_to_become_Thunderbird_on_Android_ [LWN.net]⠀⇛ The Thunderbird project’s announcement of its plans for an Android client contain a bit of a surprise… # ⚓ Video ☛ Thunderbird_is_NOT_Dead!_(Interview_with_Alex and_Jason_from_Thunderbird)_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Who actually still uses an e-mail client these days? Actually, quite a few people! In this video, Jay chats with Alex and Jason from Thunderbird about the current status of the project, the future, and more! ## Get involved and help out the Thunderbird project o § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU ☛ GNU_Guix:_Celebrating_10_years_of_Guix_in_Paris, 16–18_September⠀⇛ It’s been ten years of GNU Guix! To celebrate, and to share knowledge and enthusiasm, a birthday event will take place on September 16–18th, 2022, in Paris, France. The program is being finalized, but you can already register! # ⚓ GNUnet_0.17.1⠀⇛ This is a bugfix release for gnunet 0.17.0. # ⚓ DHT_Specification_Milestones_1-3/5⠀⇛ We are happy to announce the completion of the following milestones for the DHT specification. The objective is to provide a detailed and comprehensive guide for implementors of the GNUnet DHT “R 5 N”. The milestones consist of documenting the base data structures and processes of the protocol. This includes the specification of the DHT message wire and serialization formats. [...] We invite any interested party to read the document and provide critical review and feedback. This greatly helps us to improve the protocol and help future implementations. Contact us at the gnunet- developers mailing list . As part of the remaining milestones, the specification will be updated and interoperability testing will be conducted. Further, we aim to present the draft specification at IETF. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt ☛ Qt_Online_Installer_and_Installer_Framework_4.4.0 released⠀⇛ Qt Online Installer and Installer Framework 4.4.0 were released today. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ Thonny_is_an_Ideal_IDE_for_Teaching_Python Programming_in_Schools⠀⇛  Thonny is a decent tool for beginner Python programmers. Not that experts cannot use it but it’s more suited to be used in the schools and colleges. Students will find it helpful in learning Python and understanding how their code behaves in certain manner. In fact, it was originally developed in University of Tartu, Estonia. Overall, a good software for Python learners. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ What_makes_a_good_race?⠀⇛ I didn’t write about the Monaco grand prix because life got in the way. Shame, because it was interesting. In qualifying, Leclerc was excellent, and there was synchronised crashing. Verstappen was outpaced by Perez all weekend. There was rain and a drying track, so some people took opportunities and made big gains, and some messed it up. Ferrari were in the second category, moving Leclerc from any easy win to fourth. Perez won, and everyone was happy for him. He had a little cry on the podium. This weekend was at Baku in Azerbaijan, one if the countries where F1 takes the money and doesn’t ask too many questions. There have been plenty of memorable incidents at this race. None if them happened this year. Leclerc qualified excellently as is now normal, lost the lead at the start, but might still have won but for an engine failure. He’s now a looong way behind in the points. o ⚓ Disciplin⠀⇛ I have chosen to focus more on discipline rather than motivation when it comes to working or generally anything. Motivation fluctuates and maintaining it is very tiresome. I instead chose to focus on discipline as it’s a firm means of controlling my unwanted and distracting desires. I feel a sense of pride knowing that I have immense control over my body and mind. No matter how I’m feeling, I can always rely on this to help get me through any task. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Forlinx_introduces_Renesas_RZ/G2L_system-on- module_and_development_board_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Renesas RZ/G2L or RZ/V2L Cortex-A55/M33 processors have found their way into several system-on-modules and single board computers recently with the likes of Geniatech AHAURA board, Avnet RZBoard, or ARIES Embedded MSRZG2UL OSM module among others. Forlinx Embedded has joined the fray with the Renesas RZ/G2L-based FET-G2LD-C system-on-module, and a corresponding OK-G2LD-C development board with plenty of I/Os including dual Gigabit Ethernet, RS485 and CAN Bus interfaces, built-in WiFi and Bluetooth, plus an optional EC20 4G mini PCIe module. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Monday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (chromium, containerd, kernel, ntfs-3g, and vlc), Fedora (buildah and logrotate), Red Hat (xz), and SUSE (google-gson, netty3, rubygem-sinatra, and u- boot). # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Cryptanalysis_of_ENCSecurity’s_Encryption Implementation_–_Schneier_on_Security⠀⇛ ENCSecurity markets a file encryption system, and it’s used by SanDisk, Sony, Lexar, and probably others. Despite it using AES as its algorithm, it’s implementation is flawed in multiple ways—and breakable. # ⚓ Practical_bruteforce_of_AES-1024_military_grade_encryption –_Kudelski_Security_Research [Ed: Proprietary software is not military-grade, it is degraded; Encryption that works isn't difficult to implement, but it makes your life and your project difficult because states begin to interfere and demand back doors]⠀⇛ I recently presented work on the analysis of a file encryption solution that claimed to implement “AES- 1024 military grade encryption“. Spoiler alert: I did not break AES, and this work does not concern the security of AES. You may find advanced research regarding this topic. This project started during a forensic analysis. One of my colleagues came with a USB stick containing a vault encrypted with SanDisk Secure Access software. He asked me if it was possible to bruteforce the password of the vault to recover the content. I did not know this software thus, I started to research. It appeared that this solution is distributed by Sandisk by default on any storage device you buy from them. # ⚓ Daniel Aleksandersen ☛ 7_simple_bot_detection_methods_that won’t_inconvenience_users⠀⇛ Millions of (poorly coded) bots relentlessly crawl the web to detect and spew junk content into any form they find. The go-to countermeasure is to force everyone to complete a Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA). # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Kubernetes_security_risks_that_keep_developers_up at_night⠀⇛ In a recent Red Hat survey of more than 300 production-level Kubernetes users, 93% of respondents admitted to experiencing at least one security incident in their Kubernetes environments during the previous year—and 31% of respondents say they experienced revenue or customer loss during that year as a consequence. Our industry can do better. This article summarizes findings from the survey, reported in our 2022 State of Kubernetes security report, and highlights the weak points of Kubernetes security today along with a path forward involving DevSecOps. # ⚓ In_defence_of_passwords_(+_my_system_of_storing_them nicely)⠀⇛ I randomly stumbled upon some article disussing the possibility of the “passwordless future” and the obstacles that lie before it. Something about it made me a bit itchy, so I decided to think further about it and also discuss the issue with my friend. What I’m more interested in is not “how to make passwordless future come sooner”, but rather “why do we need a passwordless future” and “what’s the problem with passwords in the first place”? I mean, I might be wrong of course, but I seriously don’t get it. In the end of this post, I will provide my own method of generating passwords and writing them down. It’s simple and effective. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Hacker News ☛ Quick_and_Simple:_BPFDoor_Explained[Ed: Most malware targets and infects Windows, but this one "mostly Linux operating systems" so media goes into "man bites dog" mode]⠀⇛ BPFDoor is a piece of malware associated with China-based threat actor Red Menshen that has hit mostly Linux operating systems. It’s undetected by firewalls and goes unnoticed by most detection systems — so unnoticed that it’s been a work in progress over the last five years, going through various phases of development and complexity. # ⚓ Computing UK ☛ Symbiote:_credential-stealing_Linux back_door_that’s_nearly_impossible_to_detect [Ed: It is not "Linux back door" but malware someone can put on Linux, causing trouble later]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ New_Syslogk_Linux_rootkit_uses magic_packets_to_trigger_backdoor [Ed: And yet another sloppy attempt to associate Linux with "back doors" when it fact it's Windows that has back doors, whereas on Linux you have to install some kind of malware to penetrate the system]⠀⇛ A new Linux rootkit malware named ‘Syslogk’ is being used in attacks to hide malicious processes, using specially crafted “magic packets” to awaken a backdoor laying dormant on the device. The malware is currently under heavy development, and its authors appear to base their project on Adore-Ng, an old open-source rootkit. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Russian_Scientist_Complains_That_the_ISS_Is Tainted_With_Disgusting_Pathogens⠀⇛ Russia sure is busy these days. While launching a full-scale invasion of neighboring Ukraine the country’s space authorities are worried their new space station might someday get contaminated with germs. According to Wednesday’s Newsweek report, plans for the Russian Orbital Space Station (ROSS) are still in motion, and it’s possible that Roscosmos, the country’s equivalent of NASA, could simply detach its modules from the International Space Station and run them separately. There’s a big problem with that plan, though, according to a top Russian scientist. “Using the ISS modules will lead to the transfer of the microbiota to the new modules, will accelerate the process of their biocontamination,” Director of the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Oleg Orlov said in a state-run press release. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Met_Police_Invokes_“National_Security”_about_Epstein Meeting_with_US_Senators_in_the_UK ⠀⇛ In connection with Whitney Webb’s upcoming book on the Jeffrey Epstein scandal, One Nation Under Blackmail, Unlimited Hangout filed a Freedom of Information request asking UK law enforcement and the Ministry of Defence the identity of two sitting US senators who were present at Foxcote House in North Warwickshire, UK on September 1, 2002. UH contributor Johnny Vedmore had previously obtained information from eyewitnesses of that meeting that, not only were two US Senators present at that location that day, but that Metropolitan Police officers had supplied security for the meeting. The FOI request was filed to Metropolitan Police, the UK Ministry of Defence and North Warwickshire Police and only a response from the Metropolitan Police was received. The motive for UH’s FOI request is as follows. It is known that Jeffrey Epstein, as attested to by Epstein’s flight logs, was present in this part of the UK during this same period (from August 31, 2002 to September 2, 2002) and eyewitnesses saw him attend this specific meeting at this location with two attractive and glamorously dressed women on each arm. One of these women was Nicole Junkermann, a former model and apparent intelligence asset as revealed in Vedmore’s previous investigative work. The other woman was described by eyewitnesses as a tall brunette. Per those eyewitness accounts, Epstein personally escorted the two women into the room where the two senators were waiting. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Shocking_Nothingness_of_DNS⠀⇛ I recently discovered that my ISP was blocking the domain ‘rt.com’. This is the domain of a ‘sanctioned’ media company, Russia Today. Prior to Russia invading Ukraine, this was a mainstream news source. As it turns out, the UK government proposed and passed a law to sanction this company within 2 days. ISPs interpretation of the law was that they had to block the domain. This was the minimum they could do to comply. Even looking to Andrews & Arnold’s RevK, someone who has fiercly fought government wrongness and stupidity, gives us no solace… [...] The level of ‘meh’ on this development has kind of shocked me. DNS is a fundamental aspect of the Internet. It’s one thing to self-censor (e.g. content-blocking) as an informed choice, but it’s quite another to enshrine censorship into law. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Cost_of_Digital_Utopia⠀⇛ What are the true costs of digital utopia, the most powerful weapon of mass seduction in the expanding arsenal of techno-capitalism? The usual answers – the loss of privacy, the rise of fake news, the risks of cyberwarfare – are, of course, not wrong. But, in staying on the surface, they invariably miss the deeper shifts and transformations that are not immediate and whose effects cannot be directly and explicitly linked to the machinations of Mark Zuckerberg or Elon Musk. The lie that nurtures the utopian myth behind techno-capitalism is that there is only one way to do “big data” or “artificial intelligence” or “cloud computing” – and that this way has already been discovered and perfected in Silicon Valley. The benefits are too numerous and obvious to be even discussed explicitly; a mere invocation of a regularity like Moore’s law often suffices. The numbers go up – and this means “progress.” As for the costs, those could be carefully accounted for, and, when we are lucky, mitigated. # ⚓ Engadget ☛ Google_pays_$118_million_to_settle_gender_pay discrimination_lawsuit⠀⇛ Google has agreed to pay $118 million to settle a lawsuit first launched in 2017 over gender-based wage discrimination, The Wall Street Journal has reported. Three former female employees accused Google of segregating women into lower paying jobs that curbed advancement, while similarly-qualified men didn’t face those obstacles. The lawsuit was expanded to class-action status in 2021 and the settlement covers around 15,500 female employees who worked in Google’s California offices after September 2013. It includes a clause that independent experts must review Google’s hiring practices and pay-equity studies, according to the law office representing the plaintiffs. However, Google admitted no wrongdoing as part of the deal. # ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Google_Is_(Still)_Directing_People_to_Misleading Anti-Abortion_Centers⠀⇛ Googling “abortion clinic near me” or “abortion pill” in several U.S. states yields misleading results, according to a new report from the non- profit Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH). # ⚓ Columbus Ohio ☛ Ohio_sues_Google,_seeks_to_declare_the internet_company_a_public_utility_–_neritam⠀⇛ Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost has filed a lawsuit asking a court to declare Google a public utility that should be regulated as such. “Google uses its dominance of internet search to steer Ohioans to Google’s own products – that’s discriminatory and anti-competitive,” Yost said in a statement. “When you own the railroad or the electric company or the cellphone tower, you have to treat everyone the same and give everybody access.” The lawsuit, filed in Delaware County Common Pleas Court, is believed to be the first of its kind, Yost’s office said. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Nice_pub⠀⇛ Honestly I really like Gemini, it’s a lot like HTTP but lacks a bunch of unnecessary cruft. It’s designed for one purpose: transferring plain text between computers on the internet- and in my humble opinion it achieves that goal perfectly. # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Sudan_shut_down_the_internet_to_stop_students from_cheating_during_exams?_–_Techzim⠀⇛ This is one of the strangest things I have seen in a very long time, and I am saying this as a Zimbabwean who is accustomed to the weird and wonderful that is thrown our way regularly. According to Cloudflare Sudan shut down its internet, over the weekend, to spot students from cheating during exams. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6199 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 131 seconds to (re)generate ⟲