𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, May 04, 2023 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 5 May 02:42:25 BST 2023 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmSW9FJDEiN7oEzt1iqhTLpC8jPbVaRWyV1ieH1zndNGcM QmUXGmSWZBU6qRWVXf26y2DBiCLvVfxKRAzafZDjN8EZxb Qmcu34r9DJuJH5mkMZYeG5soaWgi8BaqexYQwMx7Vv2APb QmNrkX2sAawgyubjCVjVRLjiSwJYToGQXdMnEoRTcy8GjR QmYxcFMe5vgLYfVxHFwQiR5wL8rMKxUVmbEZg9nD1YRjmr QmareZcZYJ7X5LnopoYKkNAZiPh21BtWv6APRwEPG8eUfV QmVTAqmSFnL2S5PCjgDDPmB4DnwNJYNAxqia6VrXKa5s22 QmbRrB3WabmpkzoFcTd7CEFvdz8fQtTuUncUD8LG1MGZQH Qmb7BTL7qTWyErEm8Lq2L2crCyBN6Woe2SXwQ1XC6nRfp4 QmXcfyTgb74hf2Qk22gDrho14TF3papse9Ts6cvKC4cj4G QmRARrRqZDNfBPqo7Hs3obwrESwkPCcQz3Ei7R4JRugvjz QmS32fMTkeYomdxPWCP42PHMfFdKs9rfkSgXboUoVNA3jB QmTGej9jj8spt5sAeA5fmFhTxbyEBhfyXn8vk91wJhQXcs QmUD3qvzBExdYcAqkwKAKng84v5we1kor95LS8wVEPQJY2 QmagVDKAew4AMq9Fs6yk4r4iAkxKc4L1W353hB8S99nTn1 QmcxQsZ2GCghqBFvbbovJYyNuZJr66gJWUEWRoU6QW9DNU QmUUcGwMx4Q4HgbQ85BsuddNvVw4ydnTVvsGdan6TnSNbf QmWh2te8JXntfFGaCH4vh9JvppYb6y58Eqjjp6bUqzuEXs QmQ6wsM94WLvAWQdunnNNfe588me4D44gA4xrHf3aTRBx1 QmUz7bi24zquFwAWfikt3EXBf3WZiScC6iyaZZ9q5PabBk QmbjVRkLQ4yrK3QTTACJcNbs4Z3VinU4mzjrwhHmMUKUzY ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Bing is Dying and Chatbots Won’t Save Bing | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, May 03, 2023 | Techrights ⦿ Newer is Not Always Better (the Case of Automobiles) | Techrights ⦿ IBM Has Measurably Lessened Activity in Red Hat Web Sites (It Started When Layoffs Were Announced Last Month) | Techrights ⦿ The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Covers Software Patents Again | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/bing-is-dying/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/irc-log-030523/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/newer-is-not-always-better-automobiles/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/red-hat-web-sites/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/topic-of-swpats-back-in-eff/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/amazon-lays-off-27000/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/chatbots-debunked/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/lawsuits-over-negative-reviews/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/openwrt-22-03-5/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 62 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/bing-is-dying/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/bing-is-dying/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Bing_is_Dying_and_Chatbots_Won’t_Save_Bing⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft, Search at 9:42 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Don’t believe the hype (a shameless lying blitz) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Microsoft_layoffs,_chatbot_hype_campaign_starts_to_distract; Bing_down_from_6%_to_5.something_(despite_loads_of_marketing);_Google_has actually_gained_ground⦈_ Summary: The ‘father’ of Bing left Microsoft, many Bing employees were laid off earlier this year, and the remaining ones relocated out of their office in Bellevue; the media is meanwhile hyping up the “Bing” brand (we saw new examples this morning) and pretending_that_Google_is_doomed; the_data_does_not support_this_phony_narrative (it’s more or less the same in other regions around the world; overall, worldwide, Bing market share is measured at about 2.5%) ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⢫⣽⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢩⣽⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣹⣿⢹⡿⠿⡿⠿⢹⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⢭⣽⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡹⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠻⡏⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠷⢎⡨⠥⡯⠍⡇⣿⡸⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠰⢾⢸⣷⡇⠭⢾⣿⣿⣿⡨⠥⣿⣿⣧⢣⣿⡩⠅⡇⣿⢠⡸⡨⠥⡟⢿⡿⠶⢎⣿⣿⣏⠭⢸⢸⣇⠭⣼⣿⣿⣜⣯⠻⢇⡇⣿⡸⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⢑⡘⡇⣶⣴⢸⢑⣊⡇⣾⢸⢵⣾⢖⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⠛⠓⠛⠓⠓⠛⠛⠚⠒⠒⠃⠉⠈⠀⠈⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣀⣀⡀⠀⡀⡀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣀⢀⢀⡀⣀⢺⣖⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣟⣷⣥⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣬⣼⣢⣿⣧⣭⣯⣵⣥⣽⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢝⢟⠿⢛⠙⢻⣿⠛⠛⢿⠛⠻⠟⡛⢻⢙⢻⠻⡟⠛⡟⠛⠻⣿⠟⠛⠟⠟⠛⠻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⢸⣏⡉⠅⢨⠍⠉⡅⣭⢩⣭⢠⠍⡏⡏⠉⢩⢩⠀⡍⢉⡉⢩⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠏⠙⠛⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠁⠀⠀⠐⠈⡕⢶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠖⡶⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣼⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣴⣠⣥⣿⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣉⣩⣋⣹⣈⣹⣏⣏⣉⣋⣍⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧⣧⣀⣧⣵⣵⣤⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣉⣹⣿⣇⣁⣈⣇⣙⣟⣘⣋⣝⣉⣹⣍⣙⣈⣈⣏⢋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⡻⠛⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠟⠛⠻⠟⠹⠛⡏⠻⠛⠻⠙⣿⠟⢩⣿⡟⠛⢻⠻⢛⠏⠘⠻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⡻⠛⢿⢸⣿⣿⠉⠛⠁⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⢰⣶⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⢶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⠿⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠃⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡁⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣌⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢩⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣘⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣘⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡇⠆⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠱⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡆⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠑⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠡⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡄⠵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠑⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠈⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡡⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⠎⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣆⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢵⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣆⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠐⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣅⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢩⡍⣻⢉⠙⡟⠛⠻⡋⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⡭⣻⢙⠋⢻⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⡭⢻⡍⡹⠋⡟⠛⢻⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⢤⣴⣶⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣐⣃⣽⣘⣀⣃⣐⣀⣘⣀⣃⣒⣐⣈⣁⣪⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣓⣽⣆⣢⣀⣄⣘⣀⣍⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣽⣇⣃⣰⣄⣀⣅⣆⢆⣈⣂⣀⣆⣀⡂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 150 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/irc-log-030523/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/irc-log-030523/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_May_03,_2023⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:04 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-030523.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-030523.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-030523.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-030523.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmdPejL2jQ3XbbAkBY4v82btaLKow2TQ3jJFQSffCBeS8f #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmSSL8B7dNfezAUDgwHQ29UsktrZ1LE9vcuRpGJX7TuMNR (full 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𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 277 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/newer-is-not-always-better-automobiles/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/newer-is-not-always-better-automobiles/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Newer_is_Not_Always_Better_(the_Case_of_Automobiles)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, Hardware at 11:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_car_drives_you!⦈_ Summary: Techrights recommends caution against ‘tech maximalism’; not everything that can be done with/on a computer should, in practice, be done that way; a careful balance is needed, taking stock of pros and cons TODAY in IRC we had a lengthy discussion about the downside of supposedly “modern” or “smart” cars*. It’ll be in the IRC logs tomorrow. It’s very informal. It’s going way beyond aspects like cost and privacy — those two are commonly discussed these days. We did a series about it over_a_year_ago. “People are simply asked to buy the “latest” — no matter what Trojan horses are included (mandated) in these.”What compels people to blindly assume that newer is always better when it’s perfectly clear that users aren’t in control and products are tailored (over time) to better suit the manufacturers, the stores etc.? People are simply asked to buy the “latest” — no matter what Trojan horses are included (mandated) in these. This subject keeps coming back. People who drive need to buy cars (occasionally) and there are many things they see which they strongly dislike. “The one [new_article] about cars can be motivation for revisiting cars/ embedded systems and software freedom,” one person told us this week, suggesting it as a topic and stating that “the focus was in-house expertise vs outsourcing, in cars.” To quote the portion we’ve already included in Daily Links: I would argue relying too much on external software vendors and not seeing software as a first-class citizen is the root cause. But Volvo Cars is wisely moving away from that model by bringing software developers in-house. Google and Apple partner with vendors for commodities. Software and data just happen to be too key to treat it that way. As I argued in a previous post, the automotive industry needs to own their data and set up to make it to the mobility-driven phase. Having someone from software-only companies tell Volvo how to do software is not that different from having someone from Foxconn coming to Cupertino telling Apple how to do hardware. Personally, I approach Volvo from a position of respect and will do my best for it to achieve its vision. And I’m not alone. There’s a whole army of us. Having done this for more than 2 decades, I don’t buy the argument that “it’s rocket science, you do cars, pay us to do it for you”. Cars have long been marketed and merchandised as tools of freedom (mobility) and independence (no public transport). But if entering a car means being spied on in all sorts of ways (by third parties!), then taking a long walk might be more emancipating an experience. As a teenager, when I drove my car I brought a laptop into it (for music; no need to touch anything while driving). Back in the 90s it was possible with universal ports. There was no DRM. I could take the laptop anywhere I needed it afterwards, so I wasn’t paying for a computer that only works inside the car. “Cars have long been marketed and merchandised as tools of freedom (mobility) and independence (no public transport).”Tech maximalism typically results in tech fascism. It’s the misguided belief that everything should be digitalised, no matter what the extra complexity may entail. In the case of voting machines, it begets mistrust and uncertainty; media moguls are happy_to_exploit_that to discredit entire elections. This morning at 7AM I went to vote (I was the first person at the polling station) and all I needed was my passport. They gave me a piece of paper, a pencil, and I put the paper inside a physical box. They didn’t mind me wearing a hoodie (whole head covered) and two masks. The passport is hard to forge and I knew how to answer questions when quizzed verbally (name, address etc.) so a bit of privacy is possible and society can function just fine this way. I’m not against technology but as a passionate technologist I know where technology neither belongs nor is needed. There are companies trying to sell a bunch of useless “solutions” and councils/people eager to show it’s worth the money by imposing these “solutions” on unsuspecting users (maybe they even get kickbacks for introducing these “solutions”). While we’re on the topic of ‘tech maximalism’, yesterday TechDirt said_goodbye to_Twitter. TechDirt kept defending TikTok_from_bans, but maybe TechDirt is coming to realise that social control media is a bad idea. Outsourcing communications to it is a mistake. █ _________ * An associate reminded us of the horrifying nature and worrying trajectory of such “smart” cars. Buyers ought to check the number of sensors in each new car. They have some kind of jargon name — ECU_(Electronic_Control_Unit) — and six years ago there were 80+ microcontrollers in your average new car. Some other sites_put_that_number_at_over_100_microcontrollers. The diagnostics codes are proprietary and there was a requirement that they be accessible but that law did not specify wireless connections so the car companies block non-dealers from accessing wireless diagnostics and have taken away wired diagnostics. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣄⣄⣄⣤⣶⣶⣶⣄⣦⣷⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢦⡤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢸⡇⠃⢸⣿⠀⠀⡘⠃⣰⡾⠋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣷⠶⠶⣤⠀⠀⢤⣤⡤⠀⠀⣀⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡇⠀⣸⡟⠚⠛⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⢰⣿⠋⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⢹⡟⠉⠀⢹⣿⠒⡿⠓⢲⡖⢒⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡇⢀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠀⠀⣙⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢲⣶⡀⢸⡧⠤⣤⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡇⠀⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⠘⣛⣓⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣦⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⣽⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠻⣿⣿⡋⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⠕⠻⠿⢾⡇⠀⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢸⣤⡆⠀⠀⡔⠲⠀⢻⣿⠿⠿⣿⡟⠁⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠐⠛⠓⠂⠐⠛⠓⠂⠀⠤⠿⠥⠀⠀⢻⢽⣿⡿⠀⠸⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠂⠀⠘⠒⠀⠐⠛⠀⠀⠸⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡟⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⠀⡙⣜⠀⠀⢠⠒⠆⠀⡄⡀⠀⡠⢄⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣽⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⣧⡠⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣠⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⣿⣿⠋⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⣀⣄⣠⣤⣤⣶⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣧⣷⣶⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⢾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠮⢻⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⠟⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣏⣴⠂⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣰⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣆⠀⢿⢿⣿⡼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠇⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣗⠀⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⠐⣛⣓⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⣽⡇⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠽⠕⠻⣿⡷⡇⠀⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡖⠺⢉⢻⣿⣿⡿⣿⡏⠉⣤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠐⠛⠓⠂⠐⠛⠓⠂⠀⠤⠿⠥⠀⠘⢿⢿⣿⡿⠀⡘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠀⠘⠒⠀⠐⠛⢀⣀⣸⡄⠀⠸⠳⡀⠀⡟⢼⠁⠀⡫⡇⠀⡹⣔⠀⠀⢠⠒⠆⠀⡄⡄⠀⡤⢄⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⢐⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣻⡿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣏⡉⠉⢻⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣏⢁⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⢸⣿⣷⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣟⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣂⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣄⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⣤⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⠟⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⡿⣿⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠑⠀⣻⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣦⣦⣷⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠀⠀⣙⢻⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢲⡶⠀⢸⡧⠤⣤⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠅⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⠘⣛⣓⣻⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣼⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⣽⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠿⠕⠻⣿⡿⢯⠀⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡔⠲⢈⢻⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⠁⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠐⠛⠓⠂⠐⠛⠓⠂⠀⠤⠿⠥⠀⠈⢿⢿⣿⡿⠀⡸⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠀⠘⠒⠀⠐⠛⠀⠀⠸⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⢀⡟⢼⠁⠀⡫⡇⠀⡽⣼⠀⠀⢠⠒⠆⠀⡄⡄⠀⡤⢄⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⢀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠋⠃⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣷⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⠟⠁⡀⣰⣿⣷⣦⡀⠈⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣿⣢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠡⢀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣆⣦⣆⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣴⣮⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢄⢤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢽⣛⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⡟⠚⠛⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⢰⣿⠋⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⢹⡟⠉⠀⢹⣿⠒⡿⠓⢲⡖⢒⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠀⠈⣙⠿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⣿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢲⡶⠂⢸⡧⢤⣤⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⠐⣛⣓⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⡅⠈⢿⣦⣀⣼⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⣸⡏⠀⠀⠀⣽⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠿⣿⣿⣏⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠁⠀⠈⠀⠈⠉⠿⠕⠻⢿⡿⢿⠀⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡖⠺⠉⣻⣿⡿⡿⣿⡟⠃⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠐⠛⠓⠂⠐⠛⠓⠂⠀⠤⠿⠥⠀⠈⢿⢿⣿⡿⠄⠸⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠀⠘⠒⠀⠐⠛⠀⠀⠸⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡟⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⠀⡽⣼⠀⠀⢠⠒⠆⠀⡄⡄⠀⡤⢄⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠅⠀⠠⠎⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⣀⡀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣇⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠟⠈⡉⣠⣿⣧⣦⡀⠀⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⢀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠨⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣻⣿⣇⣤⣤⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣄⣴⣤⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣟⠀⠀⣤⠆⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠂⣳⣿⠃⢨⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡁⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣠⣶⣦⣤⣄⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣻⣿⡿⣿⠄⠈⢿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⠸⣿⣆⣿⡃⠀⠘⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠉⣼⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠛⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣇⠀⠀⢰⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠟⠛⠻⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠿⠿⠳⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡇⠀⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣠⣶⣿⣦⣦⣤⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣰⣶⣶⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣃⠀⣹⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣶⣾⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢷⣿⠿⢦⡤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣸⣷⣇⢸⣿⠀⠀⡘⠃⣰⡾⠋⢵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣷⠶⠶⣤⠀⠀⢤⣤⡤⠀⠀⣀⣤⣄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡟⠚⠛⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⢰⣿⠋⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠀⠀⣩⢻⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⠐⣛⣓⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⣀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠉⠉⠋⠛⠛⠿⠗⠻⢿⣿⡏⡷⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡔⠺⠉⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⠃⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣭⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠘⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠂⠀⠘⠒⠀⠐⠛⠂⠀⠸⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡟⢼⠁⠀⡯⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢛⡁⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠃⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣔⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⡿⠉⠉⣉⣩⣿⣁⠈⢻⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣾⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡶⠦⣤⠤⢤⡤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠝ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⢀⣀⣿⢠⣆⠃⢸⣿⠀⠀⡘⠃⣰⡾⠋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣗⣶⠶⠶⣤⡀⠀⠤⣤⡤⠀⠀⣀⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀ ⠀⢀⢈⣧⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠳⣼⡟⠚⠛⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⢹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢀⣀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⢰⣿⠋⠀⠀⠈⠇⣀⢹⡟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡟⣛⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀ ⣶⣾⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢲⡶⣼⣾⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠑⢞⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⢥⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⠹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡔⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⣀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⣹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣓⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠸⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡿⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠟⠿⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠟⢹⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣬⣾⣿⡟⠉⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣶⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⡿⠛⠉⣉⣉⣥⣀⠀⢹⣿⣷⡄⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⣯⢀⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣸⣿⣿⣿⣤⡠⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣾⣷⣤⣀⣀⣤⣸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡌⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣊⣤⣶⣔⣼⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⡸⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠙⣿⡿⠏⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⣻⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣛⣆⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡔⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⢐⣛⣓⣢⣶⣛⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠄⠀⠰⠻⡀⠀⡿⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⡋⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣷⣶⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢷⣶⣾⡗⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠻⠟⠛⢻⣿⡟⠉⠀⢸⣿⣧⡜⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⡿⠋⠋⠁⣤⣴⣶⣤⡀⣿⣿⣷⢤⢤⣤⠤⠯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡞⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⡆⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⡀⢰⣀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⢑⠟⠟⠋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣿⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⢟⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠈⢰⣿⣻⣿⣽⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣖⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣩⣿⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡤⠚⠛⠉⠛⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠁⢚⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⢸⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡞⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⢐⣛⣓⣢⣶⣛⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡿⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣃⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣷⣶⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢷⣶⣾⡦⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠿⠛⢻⣿⡟⠉⠀⢸⣿⣧⡈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⡿⠛⠋⠀⣥⣴⣶⣤⡀⣿⣿⣷⡶⣤⡤⡤⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣖⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⡆⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡀⡀⡠⡄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠟⠋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⢙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠈⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⡆⠻⣧⡀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⢿⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢲⡶⠀⢸⡧⢤⣤⣼⣿⠠⠥⠀⣿⡇⣾⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣆⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠋⠑⢾⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡿⠯⡄⠈⢿⣤⣀⣸⣏⡀⠘⢷⣄⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⣸⡏⠀⣘⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡏⢾⠀⠀⡇⡃⠀⢹⣤⡆⠀⠀⡞⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠐⠛⠓⠂⠐⠛⠓⠒⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠊⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠄⠀⠰⠳⡀⠀⡿⢼⠁⠀⡯⡇⠀⡘⣜⢀⡀⢠⠒⢆⠀⡄⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⠁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⣪⣾⣟⡊⡖⠙⣵⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⢟⢘⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⢀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣷⣄⣀⣠⣢⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⡟⠛⠋⢫⣽⣾⣿⣦⡘⣿⣿⠦⡴⠤⢦⣴⣴⢶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣹⢆⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣻⣖⣂⣶⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⠫⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠏⠃⠹⣿⣿⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢖⠖⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢳⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠉⠹⣿⡟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢁⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⠏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠟⠛⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⢀⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⠧⠤⠀⠄⠄⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠟⠛⠿⠿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠏⠈⠏⢸⣿⠽⣿⢻⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠄⠙⠀⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠅⠀⠀⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⠟⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣀⣤⡤⣀⢀⣀⠠⢐⣀⣴⣼⣿⣏⢹⣥⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣸⣿⣿⣧⣤⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣧⣷⣶⣶⣴⣾⣷⡆⠀⠀⢠⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣄⣀⣀⠀ 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⡀⢸⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀ ⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣞⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠻⢿⣏⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡥⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣄⣤⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣳⣿⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⣧⠀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡿⠿⣿⡏⣩⣿⣿⣦⣜⣿⣿⣛⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣉⡀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⠛⠛⠟⠟⠿⠿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⡅⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢜⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣷⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣄⣤⣦⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣰⡄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣶⣴⣼⣶⣶⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢱⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠨⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢋⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⠁⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⢸⡏⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢸⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⠔⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢨⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢸⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣿⣷⣶⣆⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⣠⢠⢠⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀ ⣄⠀⣰⢚⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡎⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠿⠻⠋⠉⠙⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⡧⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⣿⣿⠿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣲⠬⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠉⠋⠁⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠟⠛⠋⠉⠁⠈⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣯⠽⠉⢉⣍⣨⣾⣿⣦⡹⣿⣷⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢈⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠉⠀⠁⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣡⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⢆⣀⣠⣴⣒⣀⣠⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀ ⣅⠀⡶⣟⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣄⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠻⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠙⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠻⣻⣟⡙⣿⣿⣦⣄⣤⡤⣤⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠛⠉⢀⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡄⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣥⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣻⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⠀⣀⣸⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠃⣿⣿⢹⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⡶⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⠄⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⡿⣮⣿⣻⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⡶⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⠿⠿⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢕⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⡘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⢹⡿⣽⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢿⣿⢽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠻⠀⠏⠸⣟⠘⡟⠘⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⡯⠀⠀⠀⠤⠃⠀⠁⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⣠⣦⣀⣤⣠⣤⣄⣢⣤⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣄⣀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀ ⣆⠀⣺⡂⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠻⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣝⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣦⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣟⡿⠿⠿⠟⢻⣿⡏⢻⣿⣧⣀⣄⣀⣀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣏⠈⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠟⣿⡿⠟⠟⠋⢹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣀⣴⣠⣴⣖⣰⣤⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀ ⣧⢀⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣍⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⢿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢛⣿⣿⣄⢻⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠿⠛⠛⠉⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢈⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣷⣶⣴⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡ ⠀⠀⠀⢄⣀⣀⣂⣠⣤⠤⣠⣴⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀ ⣾⠀⠀⣁⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⣿⢙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⡿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣟⠛⢳⡇⠀⣽⣛⣻⣵⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣼⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣗⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠓ ⠄⠀⠀⣴⣰⣶⣂⣠⣧⣶⣰⣴⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀ ⣿⡇⢐⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡛⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣤⡝⡇⢸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⠏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣟⡛⣳⡇⠀⣽⣟⣿⣵⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢽⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋ ⣀⡤⠀⢄⣶⣶⣶⣲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀ ⣿⣷⣠⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⠿⠿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠿⢯⠀⢸⣿⡇⣉⣉⢸⣿⡟⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣤⡝⡆⢸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣛⡛⣳⡇⠀⣽⣟⣿⣵⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⡀⢶⢠⣶⣤⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀ ⣶⡆⠀⠀⢀⣘⠽⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣯⣬⣛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⡿⡿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣰⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠟⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠻⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠻⢷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠉⠀⠙⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠑⠛⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⣿⠏⢀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣦⡀⠘⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢻⡿⠀⠀⠠⠤⠤⣼⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⢤⡀⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣤⡀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢬⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢷⠄⢈⠉⠁⠁⠀⠈⣇⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠟⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣻⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠀⢐⠀⠀⠘⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢁⡽⣼⣷⣫⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣽⡮⣽⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡉⠉⠙⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠃⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠉⠛⠛⠉⠈⠁⣹⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢛⠁⢠⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⡀⢸⣿⡤⠤⠤⠤⢤⣾⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣼⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⡟⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⢀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠹⣿⡤⣟⠛⠁⠀⠀⢡⡀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣭⣏⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣷⣦⣀⣬⣄⣀⣈⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⡟⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣟⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡻⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⡿⠉⣀⣀⣀⣼⣦⣄⠀⢻⣷⡀⠠⠤⠤⠤⣴⡿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡄⢀⣼⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⠸⣿⣽⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠉⢠⣔⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣴⣤⣀⣔⣤⣩⡹⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠙⠻⢿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠻⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠿⠛⢻⣏⣁⠀⢹⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⡟⠁⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⣿⣿⠀⠀⠶⠦⠤⠄⣰⡟⠁⠀⠀⠉⠛⠈⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠙⠛⠛⠉⠉⠹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣧⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢁⠐⢦⡴⣠⣾⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠙⢝⣟⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⣿⣿⡷⠄⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢠⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⢘⢅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⠉⠙⠛⠉⠛⠿⠟⠻⠿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣴⣶⣶⣬⠁⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡾⣩⣿⣶⣾⣝⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠍⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⣷⣷⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⠿⣿⣿⣮⡻⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⡏⡆⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣚⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⣣⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⢇⠿⠿⣇⣎⡿⠿⠿⢏⣄⠿⠿⠿⠿⣘⠻⠿⠿⢟⣱⣿⣿⣇⠿⠿⣿⣷⣝⠿⠿⠿⣟⣴⣝⠿⠿⠿⣛⣄⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠳⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣦⣴⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⢒⣬⣼⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣶⣿⡿⠿⠿⢟⣋⠉⠉⢻⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣂⡀⠀⢸⣇⣁⣹⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡋⢡⢬⠙⠿⠿⡾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡥⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠻⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠟⠁⠀⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⣿⠁⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠟⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣇⡀⠀⠤⠤⢠⡼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⡿⠧⣄⣀⢻⠃⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠻⠿⠋⠛⠷⢦⣤⣾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣄⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣆⠀⢀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣧⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⢻⣷⣿⡇⡀⢼⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠤⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⡀⠐⢿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣠⠀⠀⠙⠻⣷⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢻⣇⣂⣤⣤⣤⣿⡶⠦⠺⡤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣾⣟⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⠛⢿⣦⣀⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣴⡂⠀⠀⢀⣾⣦⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣆⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠠⣾⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣴⡽⠀⠀⢸⡄⠠⠄⠈⣷⣿⣿⣇⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣤⣀⣀⠈⠻⡿⠀⢰⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣤⡀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣿⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠶⠞⠛⠟⠛⠛⠀⠚⠙⢿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣭⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣾⣿⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢿⡄⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⠠⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⡯⠦⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠁⡤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣴⣶⣶⣤⢲⣾⣳⣾⣿⢻⣷⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡧⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⢿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⡿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡙⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠐⢐⢄⣂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣾⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⢙⣿⡃⣿⣿⡇⡄⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡃⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣬⣵⣤⣄⣲⣤⣀⡀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⣃⠿⠿⢇⠿⠿⣇⠿⠿⢇⡈⠿⠿⠿⠏⡀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠻⠿⠿⢟⣡⣿⣿⣇⠿⠿⢷⣧⣙⠿⠿⠿⢟⣴⣝⠿⠿⠿⣻⡄⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡖⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠾⢶⠴⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⢷⣿⠝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠋⠛⢿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠹⣷⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⠟⠁⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⡘⣿⣿⣷⣻⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣳⡀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠇⣧⠀⠉⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣹⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠈⠻⣴⣿⠄⠀⣀⣴⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷ ⣢⣀⢀⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⢰⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣶⡾⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣐⠄⢕⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣶⡿⠟⠁⣀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣯⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⠛⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡧⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⡿⠻⠛⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⡏⠉⠻⡉⠉⡟⠀⠘⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⣉⣭⣍⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⣮⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣀⣢⣾⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠹⣦⡀⠀⠀⠻⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣿⣿⡿⣛⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⠶⠶⣶⡶⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠹⠇⠀⠀⠀⣄⡀⢀⣠⣝⡛⣿⣿⣿⣉⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣯⣥⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⠤⠤⠤⠤⣴⣾⣿⡿⠟⠃⣸⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣴⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣷⣿⣿⣷⢶⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣹⣿⠀⠀⢸⡿⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠻⣿⣿⡯ ⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢱⣤⣴⡿⢿⣿⣿⡛⢻⣿⠟⠛⠑⣉⣻⣿⣷⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⢿⣷⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣧ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠇⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢹⡀⠀⣒⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⠃⠀⠀⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣶⣮⣿⣆⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⠟⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠛⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⡆⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣿⡟⣿⣿⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣴⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣡⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⡛⠀⠀⠿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣴⣾⣍ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠄⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣾⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠋ ⠐⠖⠶⣶⠿⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠃⠀⠘⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣴⣷⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠁⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⡀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣠⣌⣥⣤⣤⣶⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡅⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⢹⣿⣻⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠛⠛⢧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠄⠀⠘⢻⣿⠿⣧⣄⣴⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠘⢿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⣿⣏⣡⡄⢀⣤⣞⠏⣼⡗⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠘⠃⢀⣏⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣯⠛⠟⠉⠉⠈⠩⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠹⠁⠀⡈⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢻⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣷⣴⣿⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⢿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⠸⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⡿⠀⠀⠰⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⠃⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⡄⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣉⣿⣿⣏⡿⠿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠙⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣦⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠿⣿⣿⣦⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⣇⣤⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡷⡆⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⣘⡿⠿⠿⣟⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠦⠰⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡄⠀⢴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣦⣼⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣰⣖⣶⣦⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢐⣴⣚⣿⣾⣶⣦⣄⣲⣛⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠛⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⢬⢕⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠋⠻⢿⣿⣷⣽⣉⠀⠀⡿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣉⣉⠉⢳⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠘⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⡄⠀⠐⣶⣾⣿⣿⣇⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡶⠾⠿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⠖⣠⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⣾⣿⣧⣤⡾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣴⣶⣶⣤⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡿⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣄⣴⠭ ⠀⠀⠐⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣾⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠋⠿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⣣⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠏⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠻⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⣙⠿⠿⠿⣟⣤⣙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⣇⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀ ⠀⠖⠶⣶⠿⢶⠆⠰⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣴⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⡀⡠⣼⣿⣿⣆⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢨⣭⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟⠻⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠉⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣄⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣃⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠶⠦⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣽⣿⠃⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠀⠘⠈⠉⠀⢰⣿⠿⣄⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠰⠶⠶⣶⠿⢷⠾⠷⠶⠿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠟⠛⠃⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⡾⠿⠟⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠾⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣡⣤⣦⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⡿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⢀⣀⢸⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⢾⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠏⠀⠿⠿⠿⢿⣘⡻⠿⠿⠟⢡⢛⣡⣄⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠉⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⠟⠋⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠠⠋⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣰⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠠⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣮⣠⡀⠀⡠⣎⣻⢷⠳⢻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣾⣏⣣⢻⣛⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠿⢇⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠙⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⡶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⢀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣟⣛⣋⣽⣭⣭⣯⣭⣷⣶⣾⣯⣭⣥⣿⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠀⠘⠛⠉⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣠⣤⣼⣟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀ ⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢹⠟⠛⠛⠻⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡇⣴⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣏⠉⠀⠬⠟⠟⠛⠛⠋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⣸⣗⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢀⣤⡀⢠⣤⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠁⠘⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣃⣀⣀⡀⠀⣈⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣃⣛⣿⣷⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀ ⣉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣺⣿⣿⣿⣟⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⢠⣠⣄⣰⣶⡇⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⣎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣸⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣻⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⣿⡿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣅⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠳⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠊⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠷⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠲⠶⠶⢶⣦⣤⣶⡾⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣷⣶ ⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣛⣟⣛⣫⣭⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠽ ⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤ ⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣷⣀⡈⢿⣿ ⠰⡇⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣶⣿⣿⣥⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉ ⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣴⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠨⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣭⣍⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣋⣿⣿⣿⣾⠃⠠⢾⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣯⠉⠉⣀⣠⣬⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣈⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠓⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠓⠚⠲⠒⠖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠦⢤⠦⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡘⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠐⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠋⠁⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣴⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠰⠶⠶⣶⠿⢷⠶⠲⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠁⠈⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣶⣷⣴⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣲⣶⣦⣂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣄⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠳⠶⠤⠤⠄⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠴⠶⠶⠶⠞⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠿ ⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣟⣻⣯⣿⣂⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⠿⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣧⣄⣀ ⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻ ⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣺⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⣽⡟⣛⣻⣿⣟⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣦⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣁⣀⣠⣀⣄⣄⣀⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣄⣈⣭⣭⣍⣉⣀⣀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠋⠛⠙⠛⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠉⠉⠙⠙⠉⠉⠉⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠚⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠲⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢑ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠙⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⢿⡿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⢬⣽⡿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣀⢀⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣼⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣴⣴⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠘⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣿⣿⡇⠀⢰⡟⢀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠲⢤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⢁⣀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⠿⠛⠿⠽⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣄⣀⣀⢀⠀⡀⢀⡀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⡆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠟⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠴⠤⢤⢤⡤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣛⣛⣛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣴⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠶⣶⠿⢷⠶⠲⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠠⠁⣹⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠜⡗⣿⣿⣟ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣟⣓⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠗⣙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠇⡏⠹⠛ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⢣⠋⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣾⣗⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢀⣯⡦⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠁⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠙⣿⣿⢿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠈⠻⠿⠿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡄⢀⣤⣤⠸⡿⣇⠀⠀⣠⣤⣀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣠⣦⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠤⣾⢋⣀⣤⣷⣤⣵⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡶⠶⠾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣉⠛⠻⠛⠿⠛⡉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⠁⠘⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣯⣤⡦⡄⠀⢄⣠⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣄⣠⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⣀⡀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣯⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣴⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡻⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣤⣴⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡾⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡞⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣬⡻⣿⣿⣶⣶⣭⡃⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣦⢠⣤⢰⣶⣶⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣌⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠍⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⢯⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣶⡙⠿⠿⢹⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠉⠉⠉⠹⡍⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉ ⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠳⠆⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣀⣄⣰⣶⣶⣿⣧⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠋⠙⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀ ⠶⠶⠶⣶⠿⢷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⡡⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣱⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢉⢻⣿⣿⡻⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢧⣿⣿⠇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡄⢸⣟⠓⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠸⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠶⠆⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠩⡿⠻⠟⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠏⠿⠛⠛⠿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣶⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⠄⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣾⣿⣦⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⢶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⢀⡤⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣴ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠬⠤⠬⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛ ⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡠⠌⡙⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⢀⠀⣀⢀⢀⠀⣀⣀⡁⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠟⠛⠏⠉⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠁⠚⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼ ⣤⠶⠞⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣿ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⠁⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠃⠈⠙⠻⣿ ⠀⠀⣰⣿⣭⣭⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙ ⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣷⣿⠫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣷⣶⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘ ⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣣⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⢟⠄⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠰⠶⠶⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠀⠀⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣾⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠁⠀⡄⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢁⢸⣏⣼⣥⣯⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢯⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠙⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡑⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣴⣷⣷⣶⣷⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣦⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣹⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠝⠋⠁⠁⢀⡀⢀⡐⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣺⡟⢡⣲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠂⠩⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠉⢱⠴⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢻⡿⠟⠃⠀⢀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣯⣍⣩⣽⣯⣵⣵⣲⣄⣲⣶⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠋⠫⠛⠛⠟⠻⠟⠟⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠿⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠹⠿⠶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋ ⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣉⣉⣛⡻⢿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣙⣛⣻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣴⣶⣶⣤⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡤⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢀⣶⣾⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⡿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣾⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠏⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠻⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡗⠲⣶⠿⢶⠆⠰⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠆⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣠⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣒⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⢐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣩⣤⣾⡶⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣦⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣴⣾⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢠⡄⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡟⣦⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⣏⣹⣿⠁⠀⢀⣄⠀⣠⣶⣆⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠊⠓⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡟⠛⠀⠀⠼⢿⠆⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠏⠛⠏⠍⠋⠛⠛⠻⠿⠟⠿⠿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡿⣷⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠃⣹⣟⢸⣿⣷⣶⢄⡖⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⢟⣿⡏⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠿⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣂⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣾⣿⣯⣥⣤⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣽⣾⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⡀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠿⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿ ⠉⠈⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⢰⣶⡶⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣏⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠈⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠰⠶⠶⣶⠿⢷⠶⠲⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2176 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/red-hat-web-sites/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/red-hat-web-sites/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IBM_Has_Measurably_Lessened_Activity_in_Red_Hat_Web_Sites_(It_Started_When Layoffs_Were_Announced_Last_Month)⠀✐ Posted in IBM, Red_Hat at 9:11 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: OpenSource.com and enterprisersproject.com scaled down their activity around the time Red Hat’s CEO announced that 700+_workers_would_be_made redundant; are writers among the casualties of these cuts? T HIS is a subject we deem especially and exceptionally sensitive because many good people lost their jobs at Red Hat. Some were technical, some were less technical. We know some names, but this post will name nobody. “My wife and I have been reading OpenSource.com every day for about a decade, so these trends are easy to spot or “feel” (even the mere absence of something gets noticed).”Last year we_took_note_of_neglect_in_OpenSource.com (a Red Hat site for well over a decade already) and weeks later the site picked up pace again, publishing 2-3 new articles per day, except weekends (sometimes on weekends too they published new material). Unlike months prior, they didn’t post obnoxious stuff; they had actually published some tasteless_things_last year. My wife and I have been reading OpenSource.com every day for about a decade, so these trends are easy to spot or “feel” (even the mere absence of something gets noticed). The site’s editors changed a few times over the years (we won’t name them; we want to keep this impersonal). “The ‘Linux’ Foundation has been very quiet this year and it is intentional; they try to keep a low profile for a reason.”So what exactly is going on? Let us know. We’re generally thankful for what the site offered since its birth and it would be a shame if it became something like Linux.com — in affect killed by the ‘Linux’_Foundation when it fired_all_the_staff_writers_and_all_the_editors without_prior_notice_or_an_explanation. Revenue was growing fast back then, unlike in_recent_years. The ‘Linux’ Foundation has been very quiet this year and it is intentional; they try to keep a low profile for a reason. We’ll write about it some other day. “The people fired by the Linux Foundation, longtime writers at Linux.com, never quite recovered or made a comeback.”Contact us by IRC or E-mail if you know something about this. It seems likely IBM removed not only OpenSource.com staff*. Around April 25, a day after the_Red_Hat_layoffs, activity in both enterprisersproject.com (another Red Hat site, a much worse one**) and opensource.com was cut down (more than halved). Coincidence? Were they impacted? One can only guess, hence we hope for anonymous disclosure of information. The people fired by the Linux Foundation, longtime writers at Linux.com, never quite recovered or made a comeback. Eric Brown ‘retired’ from writing 1-2 years later, Carla (tuxchick) is hard to find online, and Jack Walllen is perhaps the last survivor of that cull. He’s still active in a number of sites. █ _________ * It is merely a side note that these layoffs aren’t justified. As mintCast_put it_earlier_today, “Red Hat lays of 4% due to high profits…” ** Over the past few months enterprisersproject.com published about 2 dozen ‘articles’ that merely help Microsoft hype/dial up chatbots. It’s_doing_so again_today. This helps Microsoft distract from its demise in most areas. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2256 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/05/04/topic-of-swpats-back-in-eff/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/05/04/topic-of-swpats-back-in-eff/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_Electronic_Frontier_Foundation_(EFF)_Covers_Software_Patents_Again⠀✐ Posted in America, EFF, Law, Patents at 11:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Cory_Doctorow⦈_ By Dominik Butzmann / re:publica – re:publica_faces_2019, CC BY-SA 2.0. Summary: Cory Doctorow and Joe Mullin (EFF) wrote about software patents this week; this shows that the EFF can still pivot in the right direction if it really wants to As it turns out, Joe Mullin is fortunately still around (at the EFF, he used to be in the media) and the other day he cautioned “the_U.S._Solicitor_General Trying_To_Change_The_Law_To_Benefit_Patent_Trolls”. His EFF colleague, Mr. Doctorow, said_at_almost_the_same_time: “In theory, patents are for novel, useful inventions that aren’t obvious “to a skilled practitioner of the art.” But as computers ate our society, grifters began to receive patents for “doing something we’ve done for centuries…with a computer.” “With a computer”: those three words had the power to cloud patent examiners’ minds.” He then changed the subject from software patents to patent trolls (the EFF habitually changes the subject to “bad patents” or “trolls”). To quote: “Patent trolls – who secure “with a computer” patents and then extract ransoms from people doing normal things on threat of a lawsuit – are an underappreciated form of “tech exceptionalism.” Normally, “tech exceptionalism” refers to bros who wave away things like privacy invasions by arguing that “with a computer” makes it all different.” Quoting Mr. Mullin, regarding the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and 35 U.S.C. § 101: “Government officials should be working to reduce, not increase, the burden that low-quality patent lawsuits impose on innovators. So we’re concerned and dismayed by recent briefs filed by the U.S. Solicitor General, asking the Supreme Court to reexamine and throw out the best legal defenses regular people have against “patent trolls”—companies that don’t make products or provide services, but simply use patents to sue and threaten others. “To truly stop patent trolls, we’ll need wholesale reform, including legislative change. But the current framework of rules governing Section 101 of the U.S. patent laws, including the Supreme Court’s 2014 CLS Bank v. Alice decision, were important victories for common-sense patent reform. “The Alice decision made clear that you can’t simply add generic computer language to basic ideas and get a patent. The ruling has been consistently applied to get the worst-of-the-worst software patents kicked out of the system. For the most part, it allows courts to state, clearly and correctly, that these patents are a form of abstract idea, and should be thrown out at an early stage of litigation. A win under the Alice rules spares the targets of patent trolls not just from an unjust trial, but from an invasive and expensive discovery process, fueled by a patent that never should have been issued in the first place.” It’s encouraging to see that the EFF still covers this issue, however seldom, and we hope it’ll do so as frequently as it used to do. █ ⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢠⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣧⣾⣶⣶⣤⣄⣎⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⡸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠟⣫⣥⣶⣶⣀⣀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢷⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣠⣄⢸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣝⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣏⣽⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡹⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣭⣭⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠯⠝⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢟⣿⣿⡻⡇⠀⢻⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠀⠀⠈⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡷⢄⡀⠀⠀⢄⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡲⡝⠦⡄⠀⠀⠈⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠘⡠⠀⢀⣀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣌⢄⠀⠉⢠⠠⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣈⠀⠀⠊⠁⠛⠉⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡱⡟⣳⡤⠀⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⡄⠈⣁⣁⠄⠁⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡮⠔⡀⠀⢀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠘⡼⠀⠀⠀⠚⡆⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠂⠀⡀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠺⠂⠀⠀⠀⢹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠥⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠙ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡔⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2393 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_04/05/2023:_Amazon_Lays_Off_27,000,_Musk_Pulls_an_Andrew_Lee_(Hijacking Handles)⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 4:42 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Debian_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Monopolies # Patents # Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes Blog ☛ Kubernetes_1.27:_StatefulSet_PVC_Auto- Deletion_(beta)⠀⇛ Kubernetes v1.27 graduated to beta a new policy mechanism for StatefulSets that controls the lifetime of their PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs). The new PVC retention policy lets users specify if the PVCs generated from the StatefulSet spec template should be automatically deleted or retrained when the StatefulSet is deleted or replicas in the StatefulSet are scaled down. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ OBS_Studio_29.1_is_out_now_with_AV1_/_HEVC for_YouTube⠀⇛ One for content creators here, as the excellent OBS Studio just released version 29.1.0. This brings initial support for AV1 / HEVC on YouTube. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ PSA:_gz_isn’t_a_generic_compressed_file extension⠀⇛ Take a look at this filename, and take a guess what it is: rootfs.gz If you’re like me, you assumed gz meant gzip, and therefore I could extract it with gunzip(1): [...] # ⚓ Alberto de Murga ☛ How_to_make_a_CSS-only_hamburger_menu⠀⇛ Recently I was doing some small modifications to my site, when I rediscovered the hamburger menu I made for it. It is not very special, just a menu that, once you go into a small resolution, it will compress itself into a hidden vertical menu that you can show or hide by pushing a button. The interesting part of it is that it is made only using HTML and CSS. I remember when I was making it that I could not find a full example on the internet about how to accomplish this, and that it implied a lot of trial and error to achieve the desired result. So, I extracted the code of the menu and turned it into a simplified example. # ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ Install_Third_Party_Software_Using_Fedy_In Fedora_38⠀⇛ The Fedora project will not include any package that doesn’t comply with Fedora licensing policies in the official repositories. So, the Fedora users rely on third-party repositories like RPM Fusion to install propriety drivers, software and codecs that Fedora doesn’t want to ship due to legal and licensing reasons. In this guide, we will see what is Fedy and how to install third-party software and multimedia codecs with Fedy in Fedora 38 Linux operating systems. # ⚓ TecMint ☛ 5_Best_Mathematical_Equation_and_Formula_Writing Tools_for_Linux⠀⇛ Are you looking for good software to write mathematical equations? If so, this article provides the top 5 equation editors that you can easily install on your favorite Linux distribution. In addition to being compatible with different types of mathematical equations and formulas, they are completely free and open-source. Take a look at all the options below to find the one that best suits your requirements. # ⚓ TecMint ☛ 9_Best_Command-Line/Terminal_Email_Clients_for Linux⠀⇛ Recently, I wrote an article covering the best email clients you can use on a Linux Desktop, all of the email clients in that list were graphical user interface (GUI) programs, but sometimes, users prefer to deal with email directly from the command-line. For this reason, there is also a need to highlight some of the best text-based email clients that you can use on your Linux system. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ How_to_Install_Docker_on_Fedora:_A_Step-by-Step Guide⠀⇛ Are you looking to install Docker on Fedora? Our comprehensive guide provides clear and concise instructions to get you up and running. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Codon_on_Ubuntu_22.04_–_High- performance_Python_compiler⠀⇛ Hello, friends. In this post, you will learn how to install Codon on Ubuntu 22.04. If you are a Python developer, you will find it very useful to know it. # ⚓ How_to_install_Firefox_developer_edition_on_Ubuntu_22.04_or 20.04⠀⇛ Firefox Developer Edition is for those who want to have tailored tools helpful in web development so that it becomes easy to create, test and debug web applications & websites. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Signal_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ Signal Messenger is a free, open-source and privacy-focused messaging app that offers end-to- end encryption for secure communication. As a cross-platform application, Signal provides a seamless experience for users across various devices and operating systems, including Ubuntu. > # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Strawberry_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ Are you an Ubuntu user looking for a powerful, feature-packed, and customizable music player? Look no further! Strawberry Player is here to meet all your music listening needs. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Blender_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ Blender is a powerful, open-source, and versatile 3D creation suite that has gained immense popularity among artists, designers, and enthusiasts worldwide. Its comprehensive set of features, coupled with its affordability, make it an attractive choice for Ubuntu users. # ⚓ nixCraft ☛ Bash_see_if_an_input_number_is_an_integer_or not⠀⇛ While working on the bash shell script wrapper, I needed to ensure that I only passed an integer in the Bash script under Linux and Unix-like systems. Here is how to check if a number is an integer in Bash Linux or Unix script or at the command-line interface (CLI) # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_GParted_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ GParted, short for GNOME Partition Editor, is an essential utility for Ubuntu users who want to manage their disk partitions with ease and precision. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_FreeCAD_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ FreeCAD is an open-source, highly versatile, and feature-rich 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software. Designed with engineers, architects, and designers in mind, it offers a wide range of tools to create and manipulate 3D models. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_KiCad_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ Welcome to the world of KiCad, an open-source Electronic Design Automation (EDA) suite that is fast gaining popularity among electrical engineers, hobbyists, and Ubuntu users alike. KiCad offers a comprehensive environment for designing schematics, laying out printed circuit boards (PCBs), and even creating 3D models of your design. # ⚓ Make Tech Easier ☛ How_to_Use_Diff_Files_in_Linux⠀⇛ Diff is a command line tool for Unix systems that allows you to compare two files or directories and see the differences between them. It’s ideal for comparing old and new versions of files to see what’s changed. In this article, we show you how you can use diff to easily compare files in Linux. # ⚓ Kifarunix ☛ Install_MariaDB_11_on_Ubuntu_22.04/Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ Follow through this guide to learn how to install MariaDB 11 on Ubuntu 22.04/Ubuntu 20.04. “MariaDB 11 is the new major release series of MariaDB. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Get_a_bunch_of_Rhythm_games_in_this_game bundle⠀⇛ Do you have the moves? Are you quick on the finger? Check out the Feel the Rhythm bundle over on Humble Bundle. Here’s what compatibility to expect on desktop Linux and Steam Deck. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Heroic_Games_Launcher_2.7.1_hotfix_1_fixes up_Epic_Games_login⠀⇛ Having some troubles with Epic Games on the Heroic Games Launcher? You weren’t alone and a new hotfix is out to get it sorted. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ OpenRazer_v3.6_brings_support_for_11_more Razer_devices⠀⇛ Another fantastic update to OpenRazer with version 3.6.0 bringing support for more Razer devices on Linux along with various improvements. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Look_after_your_pixel_people_in_life_sim Tiny_Life⠀⇛ A pixel-art version of The Sims? Sign me up. Tiny Life from Ellpeck Games and Top Hat Studios is now available in Early Access. It comes with full Native Linux support and it should work just fine on Steam Deck too. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Valve_limits_Steam_store_pages_to_2 trailers_before_screenshots⠀⇛ I don’t know about you, but I used to get a little annoyed by endless amounts of trailers on Steam pages that didn’t really show much. Valve have been paying attention again to what players want to see. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ GE-Proton_8-1_released,_mainly_pulling_in Proton_8_upgrades⠀⇛ GE-Proton has a new release out with 8-1, which is mainly pulling in a whole bunch of improvements from Proton 8 and Proton Experimental. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Introducing_Fedora_Onyx:_Immutable_Variant with_Budgie_Desktop_(Proposed)⠀⇛ Discover the latest addition to the Fedora Linux family with the introduction of Fedora Onyx, an immutable variant featuring the popular Budgie Desktop environment. Learn how this new variant expands the range of options available to Fedora users and offers added immutability and atomic capabilities with rpm-ostree. o § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ New_Raspberry_Pi_OS_Update_Arrives_with_Linux Kernel_6.1⠀⇛ This is the first update to the official operating system for Raspberry Pi devices in 3 months and is notable for being the first version powered by the Linux 6.1 LTS kernel (previous versions use Linux 5.15 LTS). A substantial uplift, the newer kernel offers improved hardware support, new drivers, performance boosts, and better security. Gamers will appreciate the addition of new gamepad drivers, including the Hori Fighting Commander ONE and 8BitDo Pro 2 wired controller. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Ubuntu_MATE_23.04_“Lunar_Lobster”:_Find_out what’s_new_in_this_release⠀⇛ Ubuntu MATE 23.04, code-named “Lunar Lobster”, has been released on April 20, 2023. The latest version of Ubuntu MATE 23.04 is the first short-term release of 2023, and it will receive support for nine months until January 2024. It is the official Ubuntu flavour featuring the super-lightweight MATE desktop, and it comes packed with several enhancements that make it worth considering for those who want a legacy desktop look of GNOME. Find out what’s new in this release. # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Development_Opens_on_Ubuntu_23.10_‘Mantic Minotaur’⠀⇛ At this formative stage in development there isn’t anything “new” for me to mention, much less screenshot for your ocular enjoyment. However, if you’re big into bug hunting then this is prime season so feel free to jump in and start squashing as soon as you’re able. The final stable version of Ubuntu 23.10 is due to be released on October 12, 2022 — a touch earlier than when most October release typically emerge (or maybe I’m just getting so old everything feels too soon). o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ 3.5”_SBC_features_i.MX8M_Mini_and_dual_GbE ports⠀⇛ ICOP launched last month a single board computer based on the i.MX8M mini multicore processor designed for machine vision, industrial systems, embedded systems and smart retail applications. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Aquaponics_for_beginners_with_the TynecastleTechs_team⠀⇛ Research led the team to select the Scissortail Rasbora, since this is a hardy and adaptable fish that can live in a smaller tank. They moved twelve scissortails into in a 40-litre plastic tub, along with aquatic plants to create a more natural environment and provide hiding places, reducing stress for the fish. They selected Java moss, Anubias, and Cryptocoryne as the most suitable plant species for smaller tanks, and added some mature specimens. The team kept the water heated to tropical fishes’ favourite temperature (about 24°C or 75°F), and also installed appropriate filters. # ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ Acorn_RiscPC_#2:_Restoration_Part_1⠀⇛ Another RiscPC recently hit my saved searches on eBay and given that it had a second slice to it I thought it would be good to maybe use parts of this machine to upgrade my own. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Google ☛ The_beginning_of_the_end_of_the_password [iopkh: marketeering of proprietary gimmicks, devoid of actual information]⠀⇛ Last year — alongside FIDO Alliance, Apple and Microsoft — we announced we would begin work to support passkeys on our platform as an easier and more secure alternative to passwords. And today, ahead of World Password Day, we’ve begun rolling out support for passkeys across Google Accounts on all major platforms. They’ll be an additional option that people can use to sign in, alongside passwords, 2-Step Verification (2SV), etc. # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Google_rolling_out_fix_for_Messages_on_Pixel phones_with_Android_14⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Tech Easier ☛ How_to_See_Blocked_Numbers_on_Android and_Manage_Them_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Best_MagSafe_accessories_for_Google_Pixel_and other_Android_phones_in_2023⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gizmo China ☛ Google_Play_Store_35.5.14_now_rolling_out_to Android_devices⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ New_C_features_in_GCC_13⠀⇛ The latest major version of theGNU_Compiler Collection (GCC), 13.1, was released in April 2023. Like every major GCC release, this version will bring manyadditions,_improvements,_bug_fixes,_and new_features. GCC 13 is already the system compiler inFedora_38. Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux (RHEL) users will get GCC 13 in the Red Hat GCC Toolset (RHEL 8 and RHEL 9). It’s also possible to try GCC 13 on godbolt.org and similar pages. # ⚓ Vadim Kravcenko ☛ Rules_of_Thumb_for_Software_Development Estimations⠀⇛ First, I planned on calling this article “Mastering the Art of Estimations: A Definitive Guide for Developers”, but then who am I to tell you how to estimate projects? I can only give you some pointers and describe some things that worked well for me over the years. So that’s exactly what I will do — give you some rules of thumb to make your life easier. Ah, software estimation – the bane of many developers’ existence and the scourge of project managers everywhere. A constant battle of “tell me how much it’s going to take you” and “give me a clear description of the task first.” I’m here to bring some much-needed reality of the complexities of real-world development. I’ve had my share of estimations on both sides of the fence. I’ve seen it all. And I’m here to give you the harsh truths about software estimation, so buckle up. # ⚓ Rlang ☛ How_to_Download_a_File_from_the_Internet_using download.file()⠀⇛ Introduction The download.file() function in R is used to download files from the internet and save them onto your computer. Here’s a simple explanation of how to use it: * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Amid_quarreling,_the_Ramsey_County Fair_is_canceled_for_a_fourth_year,_its_future_uncertain⠀⇛ It will be the only one of Minnesota’s 87 counties without its own fair. o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ I_Will_Not_Board_a_Plane_to_Visit_Your_Baby⠀⇛ If I had a baby, I would not ask you to get on a plane. I wouldn’t publish a wounded essay online if you chose sleep over visiting my offspring. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Minimalist_Australian_Dream_Home_With_an_18th- Century_Twist⠀⇛ Why would a modernist house in a Melbourne suburb need an inverted ha-ha? (And what is a ha-ha, anyway?) o ⚓ Reason ☛ NBA_MVP_Joel_Embiid_Learned_To_Shoot_by_Watching YouTube⠀⇛ Politicians attack social media for spreading conspiracies and so-called misinformation. But what about when social media helps someone become an NBA star? o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Guinea_Contract_Teachers_in_the_Streets,_Threaten More_Strikes⠀⇛ “…several educators have remained unpaid for a duration of seven months…” # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ GSC_reaffirms_support_for_Faculty_Senate’s Honor_Code_revisions⠀⇛ The GSC discussed the last Faculty Senate meeting and heard updates from R&DE on events and on-campus food options. # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ Undergraduate_Senate_doubles_down_on opposition_to_Honor_Code_revision_proposal,_citing_breach_of precedent_and_student_trust⠀⇛ At its Tuesday meeting, the Undergraduate Senate expressed opposition to the Faculty Senate’s decision to bypass its prior votes against proposed revisions to the Honor Code that would explicitly allow exam proctoring, ending a 102-year long precedent. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ AMD_Posts_First_Loss_in_Years_as_Consumer Chip_Sales_Plummet_by_65%⠀⇛ Sales of AMD’s datacenter products remain strong, but client CPU shipments drop 65% year-over-year. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Intel_Bids_Gemini_Lake_Refresh_CPUs Farewell⠀⇛ Intel’s Gemini Lake Refresh processors, launched in 2019, have reached end-of-life (EOL) status. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ TSMC_to_Charge_up_to_30%_More_for_Chips Made_in_the_U.S.⠀⇛ TSMC’s quotes for U.S. and Japan-made chips will be higher than for chips produces in Taiwan. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ US_Defense_Contractors_Want Deeper_Cooperation_With_Taiwan⠀⇛ A delegation of United States defense contractors and a former senior leader of the U.S. Marine Corps are pledging the beginning of deeper cooperation with Taiwan # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Ryzen_Burnouts_Force_Asus_to_Add_Overclock Warnings_to_EXPO_Features [Ed: AMD made and shipped chips that fried themselves. So much for quality control...]⠀⇛ Asus is one of the first motherboard vendors to add a notice stating that memory technologies like XMP / EXPO are considered overclocking, with clear warranty implications/ o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ U.S._Salmonella_Outbreak_Linked_to_Flour⠀⇛ “…Hospitalization has been necessitated for three individuals…” # ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Exercise_increases_cancer-fighting_cells in_cancer_patients,_study_shows⠀⇛ Exercise has been foundto increase the number of defense cells in cancer patients, according to two studies conducted at the national PET center at the University of Turku. The studies aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exercise on the immune system of lymphoma and breast cancer patients who had recently been diagnosed and had not started treatment yet. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Mental_health_disorders_have_not_increased significantly,_although_symptoms_have⠀⇛ Health specialists say it is important for public discussion to distinguish between clinical disorders and the symptoms of struggles with day- to-day living. # ⚓ Free_at-home_COVID-19_antigen_tests_still_available⠀⇛ The U-M COVID-19 Community Sampling and Tracking Program has free rapid antigen test kits available  available for pickup through May 12 at the CSTP sites at Pierpont Commons and Blau Hall. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Won’t_you_be_my_neighbor?_How_porch_culture fights_loneliness.⠀⇛ American front porches signified community and openness, but increasingly people are suspicious when strangers approach their door. Meet the people trying to keep neighborliness alive. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Australia_Aims_to_‘Stamp_Out’_Vaping_With Sweeping_Regulations⠀⇛ The proposal would ban all single-use, disposable vapes, halt the importation of nonprescription vapes and restrict certain flavors, colors and ingredients. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ Elon_Musk_threatens_to_re-assign_@NPR_on_Twitter_to ‘another_company’⠀⇛ “If this is a sign of things to come on Twitter, we might soon see even more of a rapid retreat by media organizations and other brands that don’t think it’s worth the risk,” said Emily Bell, a professor at Columbia Journalism School who studies social media. “It’s really an extraordinary threat to make.” # ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ 2023-04-28_[Older]_More_on_GM_Dropping CarPlay⠀⇛ # ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ Amazon_cut_27,000_roles,_including_many_in_HR. Here’s_where_it’s_investing_those_savings⠀⇛ Amazon’s first quarter earnings call shed light on the company’s shifting investments following leadership’s decision to cut a whopping 27,000 jobs. The widespread cuts, which severely diminished the tech giant’s HR team, were said to be an effort to help streamline costs. Amazon began its latest layoffs last week, targeting HR and cloud computing employees. And an internal memo sent to Amazon Web Services (AWS) hiring managers on Tuesday revealed that the company would restrict the number of hires the cloud business can make, going so far as to employ a new headcount management system to better monitor hiring plans. The moves aren’t a surprise. Late last year, the company announced it would freeze corporate hiring, slow the expansion of its warehouses, and end some of its more experimental projects like Amazon Care and its Halo device division. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Give_NotPetya-hit_Merck_that_$1.4B, appeals_court_tells_insurers [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ A New Jersey appellate court this week upheld [PDF] an earlier decision that a group of insurers could not use the war exclusion in their insurance policies — despite the US and UK governments, among others others, attributing NotPetya to Kremlin- backed fiends — because the attack against Merck wasn’t specifically linked to Russian military action. The ruling means Merck may finally claim its $1.4 billion payout. And it’s likely going to make it more difficult for insurance companies to use war as an excuse to not pay losses related to cyberattacks, according to industry watchers. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Ransomware_Attack_Affects_Dallas_Police, Court_Websites [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Dallas was hit with a computer ransomware attack Wednesday that brought down its Police Department and City Hall websites and caused some jury trials to be canceled, officials said. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ City_of_Dallas_impacted_by_ransomware attack [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The City of Dallas is dealing with a ransomware attack that has infected its servers, limiting the delivery of City service. # ⚓ NBC ☛ [Crackers]_hijacked_a_university’s_emergency_system to_threaten_students_and_faculty [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Bluefield University, a small, private university on the border of Virginia and West Virginia, is among the long and growing list of U.S. institutions hit by ransomware [crackers], who break into computer systems to then encrypt or threaten to leak files if they are not paid. The school learned of the cyberattack on their systems on Sunday, a Bluefield University spokesperson told NBC News. # ⚓ The Record ☛ Colleges_and_schools_across_US_dealing_with ransomware_incidents,_cyberattacks [iophk Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Bluefield University — a private Baptist school in Bluefield, Virginia serving about 1,000 students – published a statement on Sunday announcing that their systems “have been shut down for an unknown period of time due to a recent cybersecurity attack.” Two hours away across the border in West Virginia, BridgeValley Community and Technical College said it continued to deal with a ransomware attack that is now believed to be the work of the Akira cybercrime gang. # ⚓ CyberRisk Alliance LLC ☛ US_educational_system_hit_with deluge_of_cyberattacks [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Ransomware attacks against K-12 districts across the U.S. have reached at least 22, while attacks against universities and colleges have totaled at least 27 so far this year, said Emsisoft ransomware expert Brett Callow. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Wednesday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (avahi, kernel, linux-5.10, nodejs, webkit2gtk, and wpewebkit), Gentoo (chromium, google-chrome, microsoft-edge, dbus, dbus-broker, dhcp, firefox, firejail-lts, libapreq2, libsdl, libsdl2, lua, proftpd, python, PyPy3, sudo, syslog-ng, systemd, tor, uptimed, vim, and xfce4-settings), Oracle (emacs and libwebp), Red Hat (libwebp), Scientific Linux (libwebp), and SUSE (ceph, ffmpeg-4, git, pdns-recursor, and shim). # ⚓ City_of_Dallas_impacted_by_ransomware_attack,_police computer_dispatch_system_down⠀⇛ The city of Dallas working to recover from a ransomware attack that has infected its servers, limiting the delivery of city services, including the police department. FOX 4 learned about the breach through a tip and the city is continuing to be very tight-lipped, not making anyone available for interviews regarding the scope an impact of the attack. The city released a statement on Wednesday afternoon confirming that a number of servers have been compromised with ransomware, impacting “several functional areas.” # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Persistent_attackers:_Eurasia_Group believes_it_has_been_dealing_with_the_same_attackers_since 2020⠀⇛ The total number of individuals affected was not disclosed in the letter. Nor was it clear whether those affected were all employees or if client data was involved. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Brightline_continues_notifying_clients_of GoAnywhere_incident;_count_continues_to_rise_(more_than_1 million)⠀⇛ DataBreaches has written to Brightline’s external counsel to ask whether Brightline has terminated its contract with Fortra or continues using it. No reply was immediately available. # ⚓ Murfreesboro_Medical_Clinic_remains_closed_due_to cyberattack⠀⇛ Murfreesboro Medical Clinic & SurgiCenter was the victim of a sophisticated criminal cyberattack, according to a press release. The cyberattack happened on April 22 and in response, MMC said it had to shut down all operations on May 1-3 to limit the spread of the attack. Since shutting down, they’ve been working with law enforcement and experts to identify the source and scope of the attack to restore normal operations. CEO Joey Peay said they were able to limit the impact of the attack thanks to the quick response of their technology experts. MMC’s data backup systems were not affected by the attack. “They would hit us, and we would try to hit them back,” Peay said about trying to fight the cyber criminals for more than a week. “We thought we were in a pretty good shape and then Sunday morning things changed again. That is what necessitated us closing. We weren’t going to be able to continue to fend off the serious nature of these attacks with our clinic open, our physicians and staff trying to work. It just wasn’t going to be doable.” # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Lawrence_Family_Development_Charter_School allegedly_attacked_by_Snatch_Team⠀⇛ Two attempts to contact LFCDS administrators through their website contact forms for messages to faculty and staff both failed with messages “ {“statusText”:”*** Forbidden. You sent forms too often. Please wait a few minutes. ***”,”status”: 403}” There is nothing on the charter school’s website at this time to indicate any disruption or incident and DataBreaches could find no confirmation by them of any attack. DataBreaches subsequently sent emails to administrators at the charter school, but no reply was immediately available. This post will be updated if a reply is received or more information becomes available. # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾ # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Liquid_(Zol)_faced_a_DDoS_attack_on_email service,_explains_why_your_inbox_was_empty⠀⇛ Liquid has communicated that they were the victim of a large-scale DDoS attack on their Hosted Email Service. They found out they were under attack on Workers’ Day, around 11PM. DDoS stands for Distributed Denial of Service. Multiple computers are used to target a single computer or network. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-04-29_[Older]_Apple_drops_lawsuit against_former_exec_who_accused_company_of_spying⠀⇛ # ⚓ Latvia ☛ ‘E-health’_system_to_up_authentication requirements_in_2024⠀⇛ From the beginning of next year, access to e- health is planned to only be possible through qualified electronic means of personal identification: with an e-ID card, an e- signature (eParaksts) card, an e-signature card plus or e-signature mobile. The plan has met resistance from both the patient and doctor side, Latvian Radio reported on May 3. # ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ Who_Wants_a_Brain_Machine_Interface?⠀⇛ VN Alexander I’ve never wanted to be able to control any of my devices with my thoughts.  I am perfectly happy to use a physical interface that I can turn off, let go of, or walk away from.  What about you?  Is your keyboard holding you back? # ⚓ Privacy International ☛ Our_position_on_the_EU_Cyber Resilience_Act_(CRA)⠀⇛ # ⚓ Reason ☛ New_Senate_Bill_Would_Turn_Online_Services Into_Narcs⠀⇛ An expanded surveillance state can’t solve problems created by drug prohibition. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Go_ahead,_forget_that_password._Use a_passkey_instead,_says_Google⠀⇛ Passkeys are the latest hope for allowing organizations and regular folk to move away from passwords. And when we say passkeys, think of things like biometric-reading phone apps that can be used to authenticate yourself and gain access to accounts, though these keys can take various forms. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ White_House_wants_to_understand how_employers_use_automated_tools_to_track_staff⠀⇛ Responses to the RFI will be used by the administration to inform new policy responses as it works to formulate a comprehensive response to the wider use of technologies including artificial intelligence. It said: “Employers are increasingly investing in technologies that monitor and track workers, and making workplace decisions based on that information. According to an investigation by The New York Times last year, eight of the 10 largest private U.S. employers tracked individual workers to assess their productivity.” # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Accessing_Porn_In_Utah_Is_Now_a Complicated_Process_That_Requires_a_Picture_of_Your Face⠀⇛ As of Tuesday, many Utahns navigating to Pornhub were met with a notice that they can’t enter the website, and a video of adult performer Cherie DeVille gently explaining that thanks to their elected officials—specifically Republican Senator Todd Weiler and governor Spencer Cox—they are now completely banned from using the site. All of the sites under the same ownership as Pornhub (formerly Mindgeek, now Canadian private equity firm Ethical Capital Partners), including Brazzers, Redtube, Youporn, and several others, have also pulled out of Utah, with a message: “Please contact your representatives before it is too late and demand device-based verification solutions that make the internet safer while also respecting your privacy.” o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ One_Militant_Killed,_Seven_Arrested_In_Pakistan, Military_Says⠀⇛ One militant was killed and seven others were arrested in raids on hideouts of the Pakistani Taliban, known as Tehrik-e Taliban (TTP), near the Afghan border on May 1, the military said in a statement. # ⚓ AIM ☛ Microsoft_to_Pay_$3.3_million_for_Selling_Software_to ‘Blocked_Users’_in_Russia,_Cuba,_Iran⠀⇛ Amounting to 94%—1,252 of all the sales made from Microsoft’s US and Ireland servers were to Russian entities—primarily based in the Crimea region. Additionally, 54 in Cuba, 30 in Iran, and three took place in Syria. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ China_updates_military_conscription_rules_with eye_on_space,_cyberwarfare⠀⇛ The revised regulations will also focus on recruiting individuals with cyber and space expertise, two emerging domains that Chinese President Xi Jinping is increasingly pushing for. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ US_Government_To_Send_1,500_Troops_To_Mexican Border⠀⇛ The move comes before Title 42 is lifted on May 11. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ How_is_Biden’s_quick_asylum_screening_plan different_from_Trump’s?⠀⇛ The Biden administration is implementing a new system for fast-track asylum screenings at the border, with interviews conducted by immigration officials and access to legal counsel. Critics doubt its effectiveness after issues under Donald Trump’s system. # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Vale_Allan_Gyngell,_the_finest_mind_in foreign_policy⠀⇛ In mid-April, Foreign Minister Penny Wong addressed the National Press Club on Australia’s interests in a regional balance of power. # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Taking_Defence_beyond_the_barbed_wire_in northern_Australia⠀⇛ Nations must regularly ask themselves how they are to meet the challenges of their strategic context. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Teenage_shooter_kills_8_children, guard_at_school_in_Serbia⠀⇛ Police say a teenager opened fire at his school in Serbia’s capital, killing eight children and a school guard before being arrested in the school yard. Six more children and a teacher were hospitalized. A father of a student at the school in central Belgrade said the shooter entered his daughter’s classroom Wednesday, firing at her teacher and then her classmates as they ducked under their desks. A local official said most students were able to flee through a back door. Police said the shooter was a student at the Vladislav Ribnikar school and was born in 2009. They said he used his father’s gun. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Army_changes_tack_in_how_it_trains recruiters⠀⇛ As the Army looks to another year of recruiting shortages, it takes a new look at how it trains recruiters. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Israel,_Palestinian_armed_groups_agree_to ceasefire_after_hunger_striker’s_death_sparks_fighting⠀⇛ A Palestinian hunger striker died in Israeli custody on Tuesday, sparking an exchange of fire between Israel and armed groups in Gaza, before three Palestinian officials said the sides had agreed to a ceasefire. # ⚓ HDP_warns_against_provocations_in_Mersin⠀⇛ The People’s Democratic Party invited all party members and supporters to be careful against any provocations, and to continue the election campaign in a calm and decisive manner. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Questions_and_Answers_on_the_Act_in Support_of_Ammunition_Production⠀⇛ European Commission Questions and answers Brussels, 03 May 2023 Why there is a need for the Act in Support of Ammunition Production (ASAP)? # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Defence:_€500_million_and_new measures_to_urgently_boost_EU_defence_industry_capacities_in ammunition_production⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 03 May 2023 Today, the Commission has adopted the Act in Support of Ammunition Production (ASAP). # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_government_okays_naval_missile_system purchase⠀⇛ On Tuesday, May 2, the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers approved the purchase of the Naval Strike Missile (NSM) system from the United States. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ YouTube_Prankster_Testifies About_Video_That_Got_Him_Shot⠀⇛ A YouTube prankster has testified about a video that went wrong and ended with him getting shot in the abdomen # ⚓ Latvia ☛ May_4_military_parade_will_take_place_in_Alūksne⠀⇛ This year’s May 4 military parade in honor of Latvia’s restoration of independence day is taking place in Alūksne in north-east Latvia. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ New_army_barracks_to_be_built_soon_at_Ādaži_base⠀⇛ In the near future, the construction of new barracks for soldiers at the Ādaži military base is planned, the commander of the National Armed Forces (NBS), Leonīds Kalniņš, said on Latvian Television’s broadcast “Morning Panorama” on May 3. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Palestinian_Jader_Adnan_Dies_After_88-Day_Hunger Strike⠀⇛ The Palestinian National Authority denounced that his death was a “deliberate assassination” due to the negligence of the Israeli authorities who knew about the deterioration of his health. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_to_Know_About_Hunger_Strikes⠀⇛ The actions are almost always political, and governments sometimes resort to force-feeding, a practice denounced as inhumane. Deaths like that of a Palestinian prisoner this week are uncommon. # ⚓ Axios ☛ Judge_finds_former_Minneapolis_police_officer guilty_for_role_in_George_Floyd’s_death⠀⇛ A former Minneapolis police officer who held back bystanders as Derek_Chauvin_restrained_George Floydhas been convicted of aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Sudanese_Warring_Parties_Agree_to_7-Day_Truce⠀⇛ Nevertheless, Gen. Al Burhan’s envoy Dafa Allah al Haj Ali said that there will be no “direct” negotiations with the RSF, calling it a “terrorist” organization. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Does_America_Realize_That_Sudan_Is_Too_Big to_Fail?⠀⇛ The people of Sudan have been all but abandoned in the crossfire of a fight to the death between the two men who want to rule them. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Brutal_Sex_Trade_Built_for_American Soldiers⠀⇛ It’s a long-buried part of South Korean history: women compelled by force, trickery or desperation into prostitution, with the complicity of their own leaders. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Marcos_Makes_Mark_on_Foreign_Policy_in Push_for_Closer_U.S.-Philippines_Ties⠀⇛ In his first months in power, the Philippines leader has reforged a strong alliance with the U.S., winning praise even as questions remain about his path and intent at home. # ⚓ RFA ☛ US_warns_China_against_‘intimidation’_of_Philippines in_South_China_Sea⠀⇛ Warning comes after a near-collision between Philippine and Chinese vessels and as Ferdinand Marcos Jr. visits U.S. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_president_calls_for_speeding_up_deal_on NATO_defence_plans⠀⇛ Lithuania and Poland must seek that NATO member countries agree on the alliance’s new defence plans before July’s summit in Vilnius, President Gitanas Nausėda said after meeting with Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki in Vilnius on Tuesday. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Denmark_pledges_battalion_to_defend_Baltic_states⠀⇛ Denmark will deploy a battalion of between 700 and 1,200 troops to the Baltic states after withdrawing troops from Iraq, the country’s Defence Minister Troels Lund Poulsen said on Tuesday. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Drone_Opera,_Brought_to_You_by_General Dynamics?_A_Company_Clarifies.⠀⇛ “Grounded,” a new work about the psychological toll of drone warfare, drew scrutiny after its presenter, Washington National Opera, advertised the support of a major military contractor. # ⚓ 2023_ELECTIONS:_‘AKP_is_no_more_a_good_partner_for_the US’⠀⇛ Researcher Kumru Toktamış says that for the US, AKP is no longer a good partner for cooperation, since it is not predictable which steps the Erdoğan government will take here or there. o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ US_firm_plans_to_build_small nuclear_power_plants_in_the_Philippines⠀⇛ In Manila, nuclear-free advocates questioned the plan, saying the tech has not been tested enough. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ India,_China_propose_‘multiple pathways’_on_cutting_use_of_fossil_fuels:_Sources⠀⇛ Multiple pathways would enable countries to choose resources, even coal, while working towards net-zero emissions. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Iran’s_Revolutionary_Guard seizes_tanker_in_Strait_of_Hormuz⠀⇛ Iran seized a Panama-flagged oil tanker in the Strait of Hormuz on Wednesday, the second-such capture by Tehran in recent days. That’s according to the U.S. Navy. The Mideast-based 5th Fleet identified the vessel as the Niovi. It said Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard seized the ship. The Navy published pictures of small Guard vessels surrounding the tanker. Iran’s state-run IRNA news agency acknowledged the Guard seized the vessel, but offered no motive. Last week, Iran seized an oil tanker carrying crude for Chevron amid wider tensions between Tehran and the U.S. over its nuclear program. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Ford’s_EV_unit_lost_$722_million_last quarter,_but_it’s_still_cutting_prices_to_compete_with Tesla⠀⇛ Ford announced it would slash the price of its all-electric Mustang Mach-E by between $1,000 and $4,000 this week, the latest move to keep up with Tesla’s recurring price changes. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Another_Indian_airline_has_followed_Jet_into bankruptcy⠀⇛ Eighteen-year-old Indian airline, Go First, has gone bankrupt, following the same fate as Jet_Airways, the country’s first private carrier. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Indian_no-frills_air_carrier Go_First_files_for_bankruptcy⠀⇛ Thousands of travelers have been stranded after no-frills Indian air carrier Go First filed for bankruptcy and suspended its flights for three days, starting Wednesday. A statement on the carrier’s website said the cancellations were due to “operational reasons.” The Press Trust of India news agency said airline chief Kaushik Khona told Go First employees it was facing a crisis due to Pratt & Whitney’s failure to supply aircraft engines, which forced it to ground half its fleet of about 60 aircraft. Pratt and Whitney, an American aerospace manufacturer with global operations, had no immediate comment. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Emory ☛ Emory_freshman_saves_the_bees,_one_bottle of_lemonade_at_a_time⠀⇛ Me & the Bees Lemonade donates to a number of different groups, including the U.S. Beekeepers Association, Heifer International and the Sustainable Food Center. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Armenia’s_Population_Drops_Under_3_Million For_First_Time_Since_Independence⠀⇛ Armenia’s population is just below 3 million people, data from the census conducted in October shows. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-04-28_[Older]_Ex-Apple_employee_sentenced to_three_years_in_prison_after_$17_million_fraud_scheme⠀⇛ # ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Growth_in_Finnish_student_loan_borrowers slows_down_in_2022⠀⇛ The growth in the number of student loan borrowers in Finland slowed down in 2022, according to a press release by Kela, the Finnish Social Insurance Institution. The mediaan amount of student loans borrowed was 14,389 euros, and Helsinki-based students took out significantly more loans than those in other regions. While the number of borrowers grew rapidly in the late 2010s, the growth has since slowed down. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Big-spending_Chinese_shoppers_are splurging_on_luxury_at_home,_not_abroad_any_more⠀⇛ In April, about 62% of luxury spending by Chinese consumers took place inside its borders. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Nokian_Tyres_begins_restructuring_talks_affecting_160 workers⠀⇛ The company says the proposed staff changes are aimed to address a changed market affected by a drop in demand. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Record_number_of_prenups_made_in_Finland,_despite ever_fewer_marriages⠀⇛ Prenuptial agreements in Finland have nearly doubled in number since the early 2000s. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Rent_for_Millions_of_New_Yorkers_Could Increase_by_2_to_5_Percent⠀⇛ The panel, known as the Rent Guidelines Board, took a preliminary vote on potential rent hikes on Tuesday evening. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_First_Republic_and_Other_Bank_Failures Could_Impact_the_U.S._Economy⠀⇛ Are we on the brink of a financial crisis — or has the threat been contained? # ⚓ Axios ☛ Yellen_breaks_the_debt_ceiling_ice⠀⇛ The months-long silence between President Biden and House Speaker Kevin McCarthy is reaching an abrupt end thanks to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. Why it matters:Yellen’s urgent deadline_on_the_debt ceiling gives the White House and Congress as little as a month to avert a catastrophic default, spurring Biden to call an emergency meeting with congressional heads. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ India’s_unemployed_are_optimistic_about_finding jobs—except_there_aren’t_enough_jobs_for_them⠀⇛ India’s unemployment rate hit a four-month high in April. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ InvestEU:_EIF_and_BBVA_sign_€200 million_guarantee_agreement_to_support_startups_with innovative_and_sustainable_investment_plans⠀⇛ The EIF is granting a €200 million guarantee to BBVA to enable it to offer more financing opportunities to startups via its BBVA Spark unit. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ ‘No_time_to_waste’:_Yellen,_experts_urge Congress_to_act_on_debt_limit⠀⇛ Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen notified Congress that the United States could default on its debt much sooner than expected if legislators don’t change course soon. Waiting “until the last minute … can cause serious harm,” she said. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ After_Pandemic_Rebound,_U.S._Manufacturing Drops⠀⇛ Factories that roared out of the recession have stalled, hampering the economy, even as a new wave of production looms. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Is_the_Debt_Limit_Constitutional?_Biden Aides_Are_Debating_It.⠀⇛ As the government heads toward a possible default on its debt as soon as next month, officials are entertaining a legal theory that previous administrations ruled out. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Why_the_14th_Amendment Is_Being_Cited_in the_Debt_Ceiling_Debate⠀⇛ Some Biden administration officials believe a constitutional clause prevents the United States from failing to make payments even if it means breaching the debt limit. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Retail_trade_lifts_modestly_but spending_starts_to_dip⠀⇛ Spending on nice-to-haves has started to drop off as rapid interest rates and cost of living pressures continue to chew into household budgets. Official retail sales data recorded a slightly higher-than-expected lift of 0.4 per cent in March, which followed a modest 0.2 per cent uptick in February. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ ‘Should_be_shocked’,_workers_could earn_more_at_Maccas⠀⇛ >Tens of thousands of workers will soon be targeted for jobs in childcare centres across the country but could be earning more at McDonalds or Bunnings. Danielle Wood from the Grattan Institute said Australians should be shocked by salaries in early education. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_New_Yorkers’_Lives_Will_Be_Altered_by the_$229_Billion_State_Budget⠀⇛ The budget contains a handful of contentious policy changes on issues like bail, minimum wage and a ban on gas stoves and furnaces in new construction. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_China,_It’s_Time_to_Splurge_Again,_and the_Luxury_Industry_Is_Relieved⠀⇛ The end of pandemic-era restrictions has unleashed a luxury spending rebound in China. Which Western brands are coming out on top? o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Release_of_Justice_Stevens’s_Private Papers_Opens_Window_Into_Supreme_Court⠀⇛ Justice John Paul Stevens’s files on thousands of cases, including landmark decisions on abortion and the 2000 election, have been made public, opening a window on the Supreme Court. # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Three_years_on_from_Brexit⠀⇛ (This post was written back in January, but I forgot to post it). It’s the three-year anniversary of Brexit, when Britain acted upon a referendum to impose sanctions upon itself. It wasn’t unanimous; Northern Ireland, Greater London, Scotland, and Gibraltar conspicuously voted to remain, as did a disproportionate number of young people who had the most future to lose. Funny how that always happens! It was surreal seeing it play out from outside the UK. Here was a country voluntarily leaving one of the largest and most prosperous economic blocs in the world, and one in which it held significant sway and interest. British exporters would still be beholden to EU law, they just wouldn’t have a say in shaping its direction. UK wasn’t ever in the Shengen Area, but they still surrendered their preferential treatment… as Tory tourists discovered when visiting their Spanish holiday villas. # ⚓ Salon ☛ How_to_weaponize_Republicans’_words⠀⇛ As part of a nationwide plan, Republicans in states such as Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Ohio, and elsewhere are trying to get rid of child labor laws. Such outcomes will leave children vulnerable to financial and all manner of exploitation and danger. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ NPR_says_Elon_Musk_is_threatening_to_reassign its_Twitter_account⠀⇛ The outlet reported Tuesday that Musk said in a series of emails he would give the account with the handle @NPR to another organization or person. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ What_happens_when_AI_generates_fake historical_photos⠀⇛ Social media users in recent weeks have been circulating an old-timey photo of men standing next to a giant horse. While the photo looks like it came from a bygone era, it was actually generated by artificial intelligence. It is just one of a number of AI-generated images that have been presented online as real historical photos. Jo Hedwig Teeuwisse, a historian who specialises in debunking fake historical photos, spoke to the FRANCE 24 Observers team. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Tucker_Carlson’s_Text_That_Alarmed Fox:_‘It’s_Not_How_White_Men_Fight’⠀⇛ The discovery of the text message contributed to a chain of events that ultimately led to Tucker Carlson’s firing. # ⚓ Reason ☛ How_‘Disinformation’_Became_Public_Enemy_No. 1⠀⇛ Join Reason on YouTube Thursday at 1 p.m. Eastern for a discussion of Jacob Siegel’s broadside against the “counter-disinformation complex” in Tablet magazine. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ [Repeat] YLE ☛ Press_Freedom_Index:_Finland_now_less_safe for_journalists⠀⇛ Finland’s result is the same as last year, but RSF said the overall situation for journalists in the Nordic country has worsened. Finland now ranks 23rd in journalists’ safety, compared to 10th last year. The score was heavily impacted by the case of two Helsingin Sanomat journalists who were found guilty of disclosing state secrets in court earlier this year. # ⚓ NBC ☛ Judge_dismisses_Trump’s_lawsuit_against_The_New_York Times⠀⇛ A New York judge dismissed Donald Trump’s 2021 lawsuit against The New York Times on Wednesday and ordered the former president to pay attorneys’ fees for the paper and three of its journalists who are listed as defendants. In his ruling Wednesday, Justice Robert R. Reed of the state Supreme Court in New York County said Trump’s claims against the Times and three of its journalists for their Pulitzer-winning series on his undisclosed finances in 2018 “fail as a matter of constitutional law.” (Supreme Court is the name of New York’s top trial court.) # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Editorial:_HKFP_photo_by_Britt Clennett_wins_honourable_mention_at_Human_Rights_Press Awards⠀⇛ Hong Kong Free Press has won an honourable mention for photography at the 2023 Human Rights Press Awards. A shot by Britt Clennett, which shows a worker rolling up a “Hong Kong Asia’s World City” banner as police officers pass by, won a prize in the Single Image category. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kazakh_Journalist_Sentenced_To_25_Days_After_Online Call_For_Protest⠀⇛ Kazakh journalist Duman Mukhammedkarim has been sentenced to 25 days in jail on a charge of violating regulations on public gatherings. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Limits_of_Joe_Biden’s_Calls_for_Press Freedom⠀⇛ After decades of exposing corruption in Guatemala, the journalist José Rubén Zamora has been jailed. Why can’t the U.S. help him? # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Pratasevich,_Whose_Plane_Was_Diverted_To_Minsk, Sentenced_To_Eight_Years_In_Prison⠀⇛ A court in Minsk has sentenced Raman Pratasevich, a journalist who was detained in Belarus in 2021 after the commercial flight he was on was forced to land in Minsk, to eight years in prison on charges linked to his reporting. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ BuzzFeed,_Gawker,_and_the_Casualties_of_the Traffic_Wars⠀⇛ Ben Smith’s new book shows how the race for clicks spawned—then strangled—the new media. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Reporting_carries_high_costs_for_RFA_journalists_in authoritarian_Asian_countries⠀⇛ World Press Freedom Day is a reminder that the region contains some of the world’s biggest jailers of journalists. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Vilnius_to_host_solidarity_event_for_Belarusian journalists⠀⇛ A solidarity event called “Journalism is not a crime!” will take place in Vilnius’ Sakura Park on Wednesday in support of independent Belarusian journalists. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania_rises_to_7th_place_in_World_Press_Freedom Index⠀⇛ Lithuania has moved up two positions from the ninth to seventh place in this year’s World Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said on Wednesday. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ UN_denounces_Taliban_intimidation, attacks_on_Afghan_media⠀⇛ The United Nations says the Taliban’s intimidation, threats and attacks on Afghan journalists are unacceptable. Many journalists lost their jobs after the Taliban takeover in August 2021, with media outlets closing over a lack of funds or because their staff left the country. The U.N. mission in Afghanistan said Wednesday the Taliban have used arbitrary arrests and detentions, ill- treatment and threats as a way to suppress freedom of expression. A media watchdog said the country ranks 152 out of 180 in the World Press Freedom Index. Deputy Broadcasting Minister Mahajar Farahi told The Associated Press that the government is “still trying to work on # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Stop_SLAPPs_and_scrap_Section_40_call_from UK_news_industry_on_Press_Freedom_Day⠀⇛ News Media Association warns of urgent threats to presss freedom in the UK. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ New_York_Times’s_Publisher_Warns_of_Risks to_Press_Freedom_and_Democracy⠀⇛ The free press’s role in supporting human rights and democratic societies is “at great risk” amid increasing levels of violence against journalists worldwide, A.G. Sulzberger said. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_PEN_award_goes_to_Punctum_magazine⠀⇛ The Latvian PEN Award 2022 goes to the literature and philosophy online magazine Punctum, representatives of the Latvian PEN said May 3. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvia_climbs_six_places_in_World_Press_Freedom Index⠀⇛ Against a deteriorating environment for press freedom worldwide, Latvia managed to climb six places in the 2023 World Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) May 3. # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Two-time_editor_of_Press_Gazette_Tony Loynes_dies_aged_73⠀⇛ The editor and publisher saved Press Gazette from closure and fought to chart a way forward for trade publishers in the Internet era. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Association_of_Editors:_Defamation_case_filed_against Yle_in_Monaco_“worrying”⠀⇛ Finnish news outlets are responsible for operating in accordance with the laws as set out in their own jurisdiction, the association says. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ At_a_U.N._event_on_press_freedom,_the publisher_of_The_New_York_Times_warns_of_dangers_to democracy.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Where_press_freedom_is_threatened_around_the world⠀⇛ Media polarization is helping tear the world apart, according to Reporters Without Borders. The group says polarization is happening at both the local and international levels. As opinion media sows divisions within countries, despotic regimes with their own tight media controls are waging propaganda wars against… o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ It’ll_take_300_years_to_wipe_out_child_marriage_at the_current_pace_of_progress⠀⇛ When girls are home from school, and families are facing financial crises, parents are more likely to marry their girls off, she says. “It’s one less mouth to feed,” she says, “but also, fear of sexual violence and threats to family honor” lead families to seek out the perceived safety of a marriage. Armed conflicts and climate change have a similar impact – by increasing uncertainty and driving up the number of child marriages. # ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Op-Ed:_GEO_needs_you_to_reject #BullshitGrades⠀⇛ The Graduate Employees’ Organization has concluded the fifth week of their strike, withholding their labor as they continue to demand that the University of Michigan engage in good faith bargaining and respect the union’s call for a living wage. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Emma_Watson_reveals_why_she_stepped_away_from acting:_‘I_didn’t_have_a_voice’⠀⇛ The “Harry Potter” star hasn’t appeared onscreen since her last project in 2018. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Late_Night_Shows_Go_Dark_in_First_Fallout From_Writers’_Strike⠀⇛ How long they stay off the air is an open question. During the last strike, they gradually returned after a couple of months. # ⚓ Curfew_ended_in_Nusaybin,_Mardin⠀⇛ A curfew has been ordered in nine rural neighborhoods and their villages in Nusaybin district this morning. The Governor’s Office announced later that the curfew had ended with the completion of the operations. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ California_District_Attorney_Pamela_Price_slammed as_‘disrespectful’_to_Asians_as_another_prosecutor_resigns⠀⇛ A California prosecutor called hyper-woke Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price “condescending and disrespectful” to the Asian community in a resignation letter this week. # ⚓ CHP_accuses_the_Interior_Ministry_of_organizing_a_parallel structure_to_the_Supreme_Election_Council⠀⇛ The Vice President of CHP claimed that the Ministry of Interior has sent written instructions to governorships and is organizing a “parallel structure to YSK” while the country is heading toward the May 14 elections. # ⚓ Several_HDP,_Green_Left_members_detained_in_İstanbul raids⠀⇛ The operation comes amid the ongoing crackdown on Kurdish politicians, journalists and lawyers. # ⚓ EDRI ☛ Moving_from_empty_buzzwords_to_real_empowerment:_a framework_for_enabling_meaningful_engagement_of_external stakeholders_in_AI⠀⇛ The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is accelerating. So is the need to ensure that AI systems are not only effective, but also fair, non- discriminatory, transparent, rights-based, accountable, and sustainable – in short, responsible # ⚓ EDRI ☛ Irish_and_French_parliamentarians_sound_the_alarm about_EU’s_CSA_Regulation⠀⇛ The Irish parliament’s justice committee and the French Senate have become the latest voices to sound the alarm about the risk of general monitoring of people’s messages in the proposed Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Regulation. # ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ 2023-04-23_[Older]_Apple_Store_Workers Want_to_Unionize._Apple_Is_Union_Busting.⠀⇛ # ⚓ RFA ☛ Myanmar_military_announces_amnesty_for_more_than 2,000_political_prisoners⠀⇛ The move comes as China’s foreign minister continues his visit to the country. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Rohingya_team_to_visit_Myanmar_over refugee_return_plan⠀⇛ It will visit a site close to the Bangladesh border, where Myanmar’s junta plans to resettle over 1,000 Rohingya in a pilot project. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Blast_At_Revolutionary_Guards_Center_Leaves_Two Dead_In_Central_Iran⠀⇛ An explosion at a combat-readiness and support center of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) on the outskirts of the city of Damghan in the central Iranian province of Semnan has left two personnel dead and three injured, the IRGC said in a statement. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Five_Kazakhs_Killed_During_Anti-Government_Unrest Last_Year_Convicted_Posthumously⠀⇛ A court in Kazakhstan’s largest city, Almaty, has posthumously convicted five men who were shot dead during unprecedented anti-government protests in January last year. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ 2023-04-26_[Older]_UK_blocks_Microsoft’s $69_billion_takeover_of_Activision⠀⇛ # ⚓ Engadget ☛ 2023-04-26_[Older]_UK_regulator_blocks Microsoft’s_Activision_Blizzard_merger_over_cloud_concerns⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Tech Easier ☛ 2023-04-26_[Older]_Microsoft_Acquisition of_Activision_Blizzard_Blocked_by_UK_Regulator⠀⇛ # ⚓ Florian Müller ☛ 2023-04-26_[Older]_UK_Competition_& Markets_Authority_radicalizes_itself_by_blocking_Microsoft’s purchase_of_Activision_Blizzard_based_on_misconceptions_and speculative_concerns:_parties_will_appeal [Ed: Florian_is_a paid_Microsoft_shill_and_basically_a_mouthpiece_of_Microsoft, who fails to disclose conflicts of interest]⠀⇛ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ UPC’s_PPI_to_come_into_force_for_Denmark [Ed: UPC is illegal. Firms that promoted this illegal things for profit now try to retroactively legitimise their criminal pursuits.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ UPC_templates_for_decisions_and_orders [Ed: UPC is illegal. EPO and EU are doing illegal things. This cannot possibly end well and the lobbyists (like Bristows) won't seem like law firms but law-breaking firms.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Anti-corruption:_Stronger_rules to_fight_corruption_in_the_EU_and_worldwide [Ed: EU posing as opponent of corruption while tolerating and enabling crimes in the EPO, even participating in them (UPC)]⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 03 May 2023 Today, the Commission is taking decisive action to fight corruption in the EU and worldwide, delivering on the commitment made by President von der Leyen in her 2022 State of the Union address. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Questions_and_Answers:_Stronger rules_to_fight_corruption_in_the_EU_and_worldwide [Ed: Will the EU finally tackle EPO corruption? Or is it about the law?]⠀⇛ European Commission Questions and answers Brussels, 03 May 2023 What is included in the anti-corruption package? # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Strengthening_EU_action_to fight_corruption [Ed: Lots of rhetoric and hot air while EU officials participate in corruption at the EPO for personal gain]⠀⇛ European Commission Factsheet Brussels, 03 May 2023 Strengthening EU action to fight corruption Strengthening EU action to fight corruption Strengthening EU action to fight corruption # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ The_Dream_Journey:_Meet_the_friends bringing_Pakistani_music_back⠀⇛ The cultural effects of an oppressive regime can linger for generations. But in Pakistan, a collective of music lovers is reviving the country’s musical heritage and spreading joy across borders. # ⚓ The Data Scientist ☛ The_Legal_Implications_of_AI- Generated_Content_in_Copyright_Law⠀⇛ Legal action of collective nature was instituted against GitHub, Microsoft, and OpenAI. The motion claimed that the AI- powered coding aide GitHub Copilot infringed copyright laws by generating code derived from code licensed under open source, which is publicly accessible. Copilot provides programmers with suggestions for novel code based on their existing code in real-time. As per the legal action, Copilot’s code- generating software was trained on code that was subject to copyright, without obtaining the necessary authorization. Furthermore, the program creates new code that is akin or identical to the original work. This is the premier lawsuit to be brought involving generative AI. The case aims to attain class- action status, and if it prevails, it could potentially affect the whole AI industry and how it utilizes publicly available code for training models. # ⚓ Sanders Law Group ☛ Potential_Copyright_Implications of_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Machine_Learning⠀⇛ These algorithms often rely on massive datasets of copyrighted images, which can easily be obtained from online platforms like Google Images or Flickr. However, these datasets are often created without the permission of the original creators. One potential solution is for artificial intelligence software developers to enact stronger protections for intellectual [sic] property [sic] rights [sic] and require users to seek permission from original copyright holders before uploading their work or content. This would help avoid any potential issues with copyright infringement and ensure that artificial intelligence systems are used in a responsible and ethical manner. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4720 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_Links_04/05/2023:_IDEs_Reviewed,_Chatbots_Debunked⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 4:36 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Games * Technical o Science/Sci-Fi o Internet/Gemini * § Games⠀➾ o ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_CEFYILH_Wordo:_MACAW⠀⇛ * § Technical⠀➾ o ⚓ IDE_Shopping⠀⇛ Emacs was the first alternative I tried, really just because I know some people are able to really get into it and turn it into something powerful. I learn new tools best by finding a good starter config and making tweaks until I’m familiar enough where I could do it from scratch. I learned tiling window managers this way and am now currently using my own unique config, and it’s also how I got into Linux in the first place by starting with Ubuntu Gnome (back when Unity was still the default DE) and eventually finding my way to Arch. So to tackle Emacs I set myself up with a popular configuration framework called Doom Emacs. [...] If you’re interested in the differences between Vim and Neovim you’re probably better off having someone else explain them to you. But from what I understand, Neovim is just a fork of Vim that’s meant to be more maintainable and allow for more powerful plugins. After looking into and trying a couple different starter configs for Neovim, I eventually settled on LunarVim. Now LunarVim isn’t so much a starter config. The project’s website describes it as an “IDE layer for Neovim with sane defaults”, and because LunarVim installs itself alongside your existing Neovim install and separates the user’s config from its own, I’d say that feels accurate. o ⚓ Pumpkin_Patch⠀⇛ Today I saw Brodie Robertson’s latest video on the latest systemd feature, where you can reboot only the user space. I think that is pretty cool and welcome it’s development. However, I can’t entirely think of scenarios where it would be needed, I mostly reboot because I want to reboot my entire system. AFAIK the user space reboot is everything except the kernel, so I guess one would use it when you undergone a “standard” update of packages, mostly? o § Science/Sci-Fi⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Forth⠀⇛ That was from last year, but I remembered it was forth day too late this year and didn’t have any ideas for something that could be quickly churn out. # ⚓ Proof_That_ChatGPT_Is_Not_Sentient⠀⇛ There’s a childish variation of the Turing Test that ChatGPT fails today. Simply parrot whatever ChatGPT says. Then keep doing it. It won’t notice what you’re doing, and it won’t get bored or frustrated. If you’ve never played this game, find any sentient being and try it. But I suspect you already know how it should go. QED. [...] If you’re not convinced, just keep repeating. It must eventually become clear to you that there is nothing behind the curtain—just as it will never become clear to (this iteration of) ChatGPT that something untoward is going on. o § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Metaverses⠀⇛ I am perpetually late to the party. andi (@mcc on cohost), who I sort of peripherally knew-of when she was on Twitter, posted an essay in the early bird-migration days at cohost, on the various ideas of the metaverse: Stephenson’s original conception, Facebook’s ambitions (largely jettisonned), and others. [...] In some sense we’ve reached feature parity, thirty years later. We’ve also got the same level of control over our own identities on the platform, which is to say, barely any at all; we can choose to use the platform or not, but if we go, that’s it. We can’t take our Instagram data and import it elsewhere, not in any meaningful sense. We’re stuck with apps and no overarching protocol. The Fediverse is a partial answer to that, allowing social verbs or ideas that work across a variety of platforms. But as you may have seen when trying to convince your mutuals to make the move to Mastodon, it comes with a tradeoff. It’s not as instinctively simple as shitposting on Twitter. It requires people to think a little bit about their data and interactions. Most people don’t want to do that, and so Mastodon won’t take off until Twitter’s last day. Maybe after that we’ll start to see people other than idealistic free software types and disaffected tweeps in the Fediverse. # ⚓ Writing_process⠀⇛ Like many geminauts, I’ve coded my own content management script. [...] Now, this assumes that I am to write and publish my text in the same session. This doesn’t necessarily encourage afterthought and reflection. My last post “broke” my content management script. A geminaut very kindly sent me a message to tell me. I was very grateful, but also, it made me realize that people actually read my posts… which I should have expected, right? That is, after all, why I write? Certainly, but I suspect that actively ignoring that fact was what made it possible for me to write without getting caught in doubts and anxiety. But if I am to become a better writer, I also need to think about the audience, about the necessary context I have to include and the unnecessary grumbling I can spare them. Therefore, I need a bit more space to think, or at least some space to have distance. I’ll try to implement something like a 12- or 24- hours quarantine. This way, I get a chance to revise posts before sending them. But also, since it’s a one-time quarantine, I don’t get to revise indefinitely. Maybe it’s more akin to having an editor (except it’s me). A busy one, who doesn’t want back and forth. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4945 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_Links_04/05/2023:_IKEA_Maze_and_Lawsuits_Over_Negative_Reviews⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:59 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Technical # Internet/Gemini * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Ducky_Couple_and_the_Unexpected_Sunset_2023-05-04_ (Fairbanks,_AK,_USA)⠀⇛ Yesterday, I caught this devoted pair enjoying a leisurely swim during the noon hour… # ⚓ An_off-ramp_from_the_digital_IKEA_maze_[2023-05-04]⠀⇛ There is an episode of Star Trek where a character is for plot reasons trapped in a shrinking parallel universe. As time passes, people she knows one by one just vanish and she is the only one who seems to notice. Eventually it gets to an absurd point. She asks if it really makes sense if a ship made for a thousand people would have a crew of a few people, and everyone just sort of like shrugs and looks at her like she’s crazy. That’s basically what the last decade of the Internet[1]. It feels like it’s shrinking. Like parts of it are vanishing. In part I think it’s the fault of the big walled gardens on the web, whether Facebook, Twitter or Reddit. They’re essentially designed like a maze. They make you feel like there are no other websites aside from few silos and e-commerce and various forms of blog spam and political propaganda, like the web only consists of maybe a few dozen big sites, encircled by an endless digital strip mall. o § Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Lawsuits_Over_Negative_Reviews⠀⇛ I hate how businesses now can sue a person over a negative review or at least threaten to do so. They even shame a person for it to defend their reputation with responses such as: “… I have seen that you slander a lot of businesses in Google review…” Chances are they won’t sue me. The only reason I’ve removed the revies is because I do not want to be shamed. I have a right to a good reputation, too. So what if I am not a business. I’m still a human being. This causes me to believe that I should criticize businesses anonymousloy by writing my opinion in chalk on the sidewalk or something. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ My_Gemini_Crawlers_Meta_Info_Page⠀⇛ I have the (bad?) habit of diving into my server log files every once in a while to know what’s going on. This is not needed for a purely static site like mine. I know that I will see robots crawling my sites at will, but at least I’d like to know which ones and how. After scouring the documenation of different Geminispace crawlers, I tried to piece together information about used IPs and more. Because the amount of information released differs, I created an overview page with all the available info and added some additional info, which I, as a user and server maintainer alike, would like to know about those crawlers. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5072 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.04.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_04/05/2023:_OpenWrt_22.03.5_and_OSMC’s_May_Update⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:07 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Audiocasts/Shows o Applications o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Reviews o New_Releases o SUSE/OpenSUSE o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers # Mozilla o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Science o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality * Monopolies o Patents o Software_Patents o Trademarks o Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ Mirantis_Pushes_Security_With_Its_New_k0s 1.27_Kubernetes_Release⠀⇛ Mirantis, the company that bought Docker Enterprise in 2019 and several releases later renamed it Mirantis Kubernetes Engine, announced on Thursday the release of k0s 1.27, the company’s own branded (but still open source) version of Kubernetes. As the release number implies, this new release adds compatibility with Kubernetes 1.27, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation’s flagship project’s latest and greatest. It includes some improvements and bug fixes as well. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ mintCast Podcast ☛ mintCast_411_–_We_Like_It_GUI⠀⇛ First up in the news, Linux Kernel 6.3 Officially Released, blendOS 2 supports Android, new Vivaldi out, new Opera One Dev Release, GIMP completes GTK3 rewrite, QEMU drops 32-bit, Ryzens are burning, Proton launches a password app, Jetpack Announces the end of twitter auto-sharing, and Red Hat lays of 4% due to high profits… # ⚓ The BSD Now Podcast ☛ BSD_Now_505:_BSD_Desktop_Setup⠀⇛ OpenBSD 7.3 released, Accelerating Datacenter Energy Efficiency by Leveraging FreeBSD as Your Server OS, install Cinnamon as a Desktop environment, xmonad FreeBSD set up from scratch, Burgr books in your terminal, and more # ⚓ Tux Digital ☛ Linux_Out_Loud_61:_Alternative_Career_Paths⠀⇛ This week, Linux Out Loud chats about alternative career paths. Welcome to episode 61 of Linux Out Loud. We fired up our mics, connected those headphones as we searched the community for themes to expound upon. We kept the banter friendly, the conversation somewhat on topic, and had fun doing it. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ Generate_Secure_Passwords_on_Linux_Fast_with ‘Key_Cutter’⠀⇛ Most of us know that using complex (cOm_Pl3X) passwords is good security but coming up with passwords to satisfy the demands of pernickety signup forms can be effort. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Alternatives_to_popular_CLI_tools:_grep⠀⇛ This article spotlights alternative tools to grep. grep is a useful command to search for matching patterns in a file. If you are a system admin who needs to scrape through log files or a developer trying to find matches in a code file, grep is a powerful command to use. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Alternatives_to_popular_CLI_tools:_cat⠀⇛ This article spotlights alternative tools to cat. cat derives its name from concatenation and provides other nifty options too. For example, it can be be used to write contents to a file by typing them from the terminal itself. Enterprising users will appreciate you can display the contents of a file using the shell builtin read. # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Spotify’s_‘Controversial’_New_Look_Arrives_on Linux [Ed: ‘Controversial’? There are much more serious problems, such as surveillance and DRM, not mere "looks".]⠀⇛ Spotify for Linux user? You’ll notice that the desktop app looks a little different next time you open it. The music streaming service, which recently passed 515 million monthly active users, rolled out a redesign of its desktop app on Windows and macOS last week. That revamp is now hitting the official Spotify for Linux client — though it appears to be a server-side change rather than a client update. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Free Desktop ☛ mesa_23.1.0-rc4⠀⇛ Hello everyone, The fourth release candidate for 23.1.0 is now available. If you find any issues, please report them here: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/issues/ new The next release candidate is expected in one week, on May 10th. Cheers, Eric # ⚓ Mike_Blumenkrantz:_New_Era⠀⇛ § Lavapipe: Dragged Into The Future Some time ago I teased a new Mesa project that involved both features and perf. At last, it’s time to unveil the goods: a complete_rewrite_of_all descriptor_handling in Lavapipe thanks to one of RADV’s raytracing tamers, Konstantin Seurer. It’s a feature that’s been confounding developers and users everywhere for years, but thanks to Konstantin’s tireless efforts over the past ETOOLONG, at last everyone will have the features they crave. # ⚓ ScummVM ☛ Welcome_to_my_alchemy_workshop!⠀⇛ Reah: Face the Unknown, the first supported game of the V-Cruise_engine, is ready for public testing! Created in 1998 by Detalion and published by LK Avalon, this 3D-rendered panoramic first-person adventure has you travel to a strange desert world to unravel its secrets. ScummVM currently supports the CD, DVD, and digital English releases (with subtitles in Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, and Spanish). If you’re aware of any other versions, please contact us. To play any of these supported releases, you will need a daily_development_build. If you encounter any issues, please submit them to the issue tracker! o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE ☛ SoK_2023_Selenium-ST-API_KDE_Eco_Power Measurement_Proof_Of_Concept:_Achieving_Three_KDE_Goals With_One_Stone⠀⇛ Last year, Okular, KDE’s advanced document reader, became the first software product ever to receive the Blue Angel eco-label. This certification recognises Okular as having a sustainable software design. The certification process involves measuring the power consumption of the software executing repetitive actions that simulate human use. For Okular’s certification, this was done using scripts written in Actiona. At KDE Eco, we also tried to use the GUI tool Actiona to make these tests, but it was not flexible enough because it required adding a simple action to open a window, entering a click location, validating your input, and so on. This process was very tedious. We then developed a Python tool based on xdotool and called it KdeEcoTest, which was able to record any user action and translate it into text script. The advantage of using text- based scripts over creating GUI actions is that it is much quicker and you can easily copy/paste/modify any interesting part of the test. This is much more efficient time-wise, but it was not enough. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ GL.iNet_Spitz_AX_(GL-X3000NR)_5G_NR_WiFi_6 router_review_–_Part_1:_Specs,_unboxing,_and_first_boot⠀⇛ GL.iNet Spitz AX, also known as GL-X3000NR, is a compact 5G NR WiFi 6 router running OpenWrt 21.02 on a MediaTek Filogic 820 (TM7981A) dual-core Cortex-A53 processor coupled with 512MB DDR4 and 8GB eMMC flash, as well 2.5GbE and GbE interfaces, and a USB 2.0 port. The company sent us a Spitz AX router for evaluation, and in the first part of the review, we’ll go through the specifications, and do an unboxing and a teardown, before connecting it for a first boot. The system runs OpenWrt 21.02 with Linux 5.4. Note there are two Spitz AX (GL-X3000) routers: the GL- X3000NR with 5G NR connectivity as reviewed on CNX Software, and the GL-X3000C16 with 4G LTE connectivity only. o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ OSMC’s_May_update_is_here⠀⇛ We hope that you had a good Easter. We are introducing a final update to our existing Kodi v19.5 release to improve stability and give users that wish to stay on this version of Kodi for some time an improved stable and supported platform. # ⚓ [OpenWrt_Wiki]_OpenWrt_22.03.5_–_Service_Release_–_1_May 2023⠀⇛ The OpenWrt community is proud to announce the newest stable release of the OpenWrt 22.03 stable version series. It fixes security issues, improves device support, and brings a few bug fixes. o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ First_Partner_Summit_of_2023_for SUSE_South_Africa⠀⇛ SUSE South Africa hosted its first Partner Summit of the year in Johannesburg. The event generated a lot of interest from both existing and new partners. # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ Hybrid_Boot_and_SEV-SNP_support_in AWS_EC2⠀⇛ A while back AWS introduced UEFI support for specific instance types. Then in March of 2023 AWS enabled hybrid-boot for AMIs and in addition to the memory encryption that has already been supported in EC2, AWS announced the support of attestation, also known as SEV-SNP recently. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Want_More_Wallpapers_in_Ubuntu?_Install_GNOME Backgrounds⠀⇛ Ubuntu 23.04 comes with a small selection of (largely lobster themed) wallpapers out of the box. The choice is neither vast nor varied so you may find yourself looking for some additional ones to liven up your desktop. Well, one fast and easy way to quickly add more high-quality wallpapers to Ubuntu is to install the gnome-backgrounds package. This is available in the Ubuntu repos, though you’ll need to install it using the command line as Ubuntu Software doesn’t show a result for it). This package contains the “official” GNOME wallpaper which you’ll have seen in blog posts, videos, and screenshots recently. I absolutely love it. I think it is one of the best “default” wallpapers of any OS, Linux or otherwise. It’s neutral without being bland; and visually interesting without being distracting. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Arduino ☛ Introducing_the_new_Value_Selector_and_Dropdown Widgets_for_Arduino_IoT_Cloud_dashboards⠀⇛ We’re excited to announce the release of two new widgets to the Arduino IoT Cloud: the Value Selector and Value Dropdown Widgets. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Exploring_Woodworking_Mysteries_With_Strain Gauges_And_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ If you’re not a woodworker, you might not have heard of the “45-degree rule.” It goes like this: a clamp exerts a force that radiates out across a triangular region of the wood that forms a right angle — 45 degrees on each side of the clamp’s point of contact. So, to ensure that force is applied as evenly as possible across the entire glue joint, clamps should be spaced so that these force triangles overlap. It’s a handy rule, especially for the woodworker looking to justify the purchase of more clamps; you can never have too many clamps. But is it valid? # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Retrocomputing_info_is_easy_to_find,_until it_isn’t⠀⇛ It’s a common refrain among bloggers and video creators that retrocomputing as a hobby has never been easier, thanks to the modern Internet. It’s true to an extent, from the explosion in hobbyist hardware replacements, to scans of available documentation, to the sheer size of retrocomputing communities that can offer help. But I’d caution anyone entering from thinking it’ll be easy. Even leaving aside the increasing failure rate of old components, two of the biggest challenges remain documentation and drivers. These are less of an issue if you’re using popular hardware with limited numbers of SKUs, like a Commodore 64 or an Apple IIc. But if you have an ISA modem in a generic PC clone? Not so much. # ⚓ Daniel Lemire ☛ Graviton_3,_Apple_M2_and_Qualcomm_8cx_3rd gen:_a_URL_parsing_benchmark⠀⇛ Whenever you enter a URL into a system, it must be parsed and validated. It is a surprisingly challenging task: it may require hundreds of nanoseconds and possibly over a thousand cycles to parse a typical URL. We can use URL parsing as a reasonable benchmark of a system performance. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_8_Ways_to_Fix_Android_Can’t_Find_Nearby_Bluetooth Devices_–_Guiding_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ A_fix_for_Google_Messages_breaking_on Android_14_is_rolling_out⠀⇛ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ Ulefone_Note_16_Pro_With_Latest_Android_13_is coming_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ Google_I/O_2023:_From_Android_14_OS, Pixel_7a_to_Pixel_Fold_smartphones,_know_what’s_coming_|_Tech News⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ Tor ☛ Arti_1.1.4_is_released:_Development_on_Onion_Services_and RPC⠀⇛ Arti is our ongoing project to create a next-generation Tor client in Rust. Now we’re announcing the latest release, Arti 1.1.4. For this month and the next, our efforts are divided between onion services and work on a new RPC API (a successor to C Tor’s “control port”) that will give applications a safe and powerful way to work with Arti without having to write their code in Rust or link Arti as a library (unless they want to). o ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Ready_to_try_Mastodon?_Here’s_how_to_get_started⠀⇛ Mastodon has been around since 2016, but not until recently has it emerged as a popular alternative to Twitter. Like Firefox, Mastodon is open-sourced, so it’s built on a foundation of transparency and accessibility to all. It’s also decentralized, which means it’s powered by different communities and doesn’t answer to one entity or a bunch of stakeholders.  o ⚓ Venture Beat ☛ Mattermost_brings_generative_AI_power_to_open- source_collaboration⠀⇛ Mattermost expands its open-source technology to enable security conscious organizations to better integrate generative AI. o ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ FOSS_Weekly_#23.18:_Ubuntu_18.04_to_Discontinue, Debian_12_Features,_Qemu_VM_and_More⠀⇛ Ubuntu 18.04 is ending soon and Debian 12 is coming soon. And the puzzles make a comeback on It’s FOSS but with a twist. o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ The_Pulse_Browser_Project_Is_Developing_a New_Firefox_Fork⠀⇛ Currently in Alpha testing, Pulse Browser is a minimalist browser for Windows, Linux, and macOS that focuses on delivering a smooth, streamlined user experience while providing built-in tools for improving privacy and security. Based on Firefox but with removed telemetry, it seeks to fill a gap between browsers firmly focused on security on the one hand and those relying on fewer features but a faster and more pleasant browsing experience on the other. Furthermore, some internal Firefox components have been replaced with better open-source alternatives to the developers’ views. o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Document_Foundation_releases_LibreOffice_7.5.3 Community⠀⇛ LibreOffice 7.5.3 Community, the third minor release of the LibreOffice 7.5 line, the volunteer- supported free office suite for desktop productivity, is available from https:// www.libreoffice.org/download for Windows (Intel/AMD and ARM processors), macOS (Apple Silicon and Intel processors), and Linux [1]. A description of new features of LibreOffice 7.5 is available in the Release Notes [2]. Based on the distinctive features of the LibreOffice Technology platform for personal productivity on desktop, mobile and cloud, LibreOffice 7.5 provides a large number of improvements and new features targeted at users sharing documents with MS Office or migrating from MS Office. These users should check new releases of LibreOffice on a regular basis, as the progress is so fast, that each new version improves dramatically over the previous one. # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ LibreOffice_7.5.3_Is_Now_Available_for_Download with_119_Bug_Fixes⠀⇛ LibreOffice 7.5.3 is here about five weeks after LibreOffice 7.5.2 and brings another batch of bug fixes to those who already managed to upgrade their GNU/Linux system to the LibreOffice 7.5 series. In numbers, LibreOffice 7.5.3 address a total of 119 bugs that have been reported by users or discovered by LibreOffice developers. For more details about these bug fixes, you should check out the RC1 and RC2 changelogs. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Intermediate_Web_Scraping_and_API_Harvesting_using R_workshop⠀⇛ Learn how to use web scraping in R! Join our workshop on Intermediate Web Scraping and API Harvesting using R which is a part of our workshops for Ukraine series.  # ⚓ Hubert Figuière ☛ Hubert_Figuière:_Niepce_April_2023 updates⠀⇛ This is the April 2023 update for Niepce. Between outages caused by an unseasonbly ice storm, squirrels chewing cable, I discovered how painful is being off the grid. This is not the excuse, just the events that lead to downtime and April not being very productive. The importer moved a little bit forward. I tried to use the brand new “sort by date” importer tool, that is used to test and exercise the logic. The improved importer address a few long standing issues, including not using libgphoto2 for USB Mass Storage, including flash card readers. This was a shortcut I had taken and the result was suboptimal. The new approach is to use libgphoto2 to find the device, and then switch to pure filesystem operations. That was issue_26. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Op-Amp_Challenge:_Reliable_Peak_Power_Measurement⠀⇛ As part of our Op-Amp Challenge we’re seeing a wide diversity of entries showcasing the seemingly endless capabilities of these extremely versatile parts. Another one comes from [Joseph Thomas], who when faced with the need to measure the properties of an automotive spark plug, came up with a precision peak detector to hold on to the energy level used when firing it. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Asteroid_Found_Orbiting_Earth_Might_Be_a Chunk_of_The_Moon⠀⇛ I think you dropped something … # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Scientists_Discover_a_Rare_Example_of Insects_Using_Tools_to_Capture_Prey⠀⇛ This is a stick up! # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Light_Microscopes_See_Smaller_Than_Ever Using_a_Weird_Quantum_Trick⠀⇛ Double the resolution. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ The_Remains_of_The_Universe’s_First_Stars Finally_Seen_in_Distant_Gas_Clouds⠀⇛ Drawing closer to first light. # ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Two_from_U-M_elected_to_the_National_Academy of_Sciences⠀⇛ Professors Maria Carmen Lemos and Robert Sellers are among the 2023 inductees into the National Academy of Sciences, one of the highest distinctions for a scientist or engineer in the United States. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ A_Star_Was_Caught_Swallowing_a_Planet_in_an Astronomical_First⠀⇛ This is what fate has in store for us. # ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Mexican_astronomer_named_honorary member_of_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences⠀⇛ The astronomer and physicist Julieta Fierro Gossman has dedicated her working life to the stars, and has been recognized in Mexico and abroad. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Past_and_Present⠀⇛ When I was a junior in college, I studied abroad for a semester in Rome. I only managed to make one Italian friend, a charming boy with a winsome smile who, when he focused his attention on you, made you feel like you were at the center of the world. Needless to say, I had a crush on him. He did not have a crush back, but we spent a lot of time wandering Rome’s cobblestoned streets and sitting on the graffitied embankment of the Tiber River. On one of those occasions, he admitted something: He had read Mein Kampf and found it interesting. He knew what Hitler had done was wrong but was intrigued by the book nonetheless.1 # ⚓ Quartz ☛ US_eighth_graders’_history_test_scores_hit_lowest levels_on_record⠀⇛ Eighth-grade history and civics test scores in the US fell to the lowest level on record last year, in line with broad post-pandemic declines in math scores and reading comprehension. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ As_schools_push_math_and_reading,_history_and civics_scores_decline⠀⇛ Eighth grade students in the United States are scoring lower in history and civics, according to the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Schools have focused more on reading and math post- pandemic, but that has resulted in lower scores elsewhere. # ⚓ Axios ☛ U.S._history_scores_hit_all-time_low_among_8th graders⠀⇛ U.S. history scores among the nation’s_eighth graders_plummeted_in_2022, new assessment results known as the Nation’s Report Card show. The big picture:The history scores, whichare the lowest ever recorded since theassessment began in 1994, pluscivics scores seeing their first-ever decline underscore the pandemic’s prolonged effects on students. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Carbon_Fiber_And_Kevlar_Make_This_Linear Actuator_Fast_And_Strong⠀⇛ When it comes to the “build versus buy” question, “buy” almost always wins. The amount of time you have to put into building something is rarely justified, especially with a world of options available at the click of a mouse. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ How_To_Install_Mac_OS_On_The_Nintendo_Wii⠀⇛ What if you could run Mac OS on a Nintendo Wii game console? That’s probably not a thought that has occurred to many Wii owners or Mac OS users, but that is no excuse not to give it a try, as [Michael] handily demonstrates in a recent video by running Mac OS 9 on a Nintendo’s legendary console. The first major issue is what anyone who has ever tried to put a Hackintosh together knows: just because a target system runs the same CPU architecture can you necessarily install Mac OS (or OS X) for Intel x86 on any Intel x86 system. The same is true for the Wii with its PowerPC CPU and running Mac OS 9 for PowerPC on it. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ LoRa_Goes_To_The_Moon⠀⇛ LoRa is a communications method that allows for long range radio contacts to be made using typically low-powered devices. This shouldn’t be surprising given that LoRa is short for “long range” which typically involves distances on the order of a few kilometers. However, a group of students are taking the “long range” moniker to the extreme by attempting to send and receive a signal with a total path of around 768,000 kilometers by using some specialized equipment to bounce a LoRa signal off of the moon and receive it back on Earth. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ New_Drivers_For_Ancient_Webcam⠀⇛ For those of us who are a little older, the 90s seem like they were just a few years ago. The younger folks might think that the 90s were ancient history though, and they might be right as we’ve been hearing more bands like Pearl Jam and The Offspring playing on the classic rock stations lately. Another example of how long ago the 90s were is taking a look at the technological progress that has happened since then through the lens of things like this webcam from 1999, presuming you load up this custom user space driver from [benjojo]. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ NASA’s_Voyager_Space_Probe’s_Reserve_Power,_And The_Intricacies_Of_RTG-Based_Power_Systems⠀⇛ Launched in 1977, the Voyager 1 and 2 space probes have been operating non-stop for over 45 years, making their way from Earth to our solar system’s outer planets and beyond. Courtesy of the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) which provided 470 W at launch, they are able to function in the darkness of Deep Space as well as they did within the confines of our Sun-lit solar system. Yet as nothing in the Universe is really infinite, so too do these RTGs wear out over time, both from natural decay of their radioactive source and from the degradation of the thermocouples. # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ An_enigma_of_a_VGA_cable⠀⇛ I’ve started mounting my various upscalers and video converters to the back of my old monitor to save space, but it didn’t do much to reduce cable clutter. So I ordered the shortest VGA cable I could find. I was surprised at how thin it was when it arrived. The RS232 cable I inherited from dad’s old modem that I use for CGA on my Am386 and Commodore 128 is thicker! I suppose being an analogue cable, it didn’t need as much shielding for such a short distance. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ What_to_Know_About_Stillbirths⠀⇛ Every year, more than 20,000 pregnancies in the U.S. end in a stillbirth, the death of an expected child at 20 weeks or more of pregnancy. Research shows as many as 1 in 4 stillbirths may be preventable. We interviewed dozens of parents of stillborn children who said their health care providers did not tell them about risk factors or explain what to watch for while pregnant. They said they felt blindsided by what followed. They did not have the information needed to make critical decisions about what happened with their baby’s body, about what additional testing could have been done to help determine what caused the stillbirth, or about how to navigate the process of requesting important stillbirth documents. This guide is meant to help fill the void of information on stillbirths. It’s based on more than 150 conversations with parents, health care providers, researchers and other medical experts. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ The_End_of_Covid-Era_Boosted_Benefits Reveals_a_Society_Still_Profoundly_Sick⠀⇛ “In order to fully recover, we must first recover the society that has made us sick.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Brazilian_Police_Allege_‘Criminal’_Forgery of_Bolsonaro_Covid_Vaccine_Record_Before_US_Trip⠀⇛ Agents from Brazil’s Federal Police on Wednesday raided the home of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro as part of an investigation into whether the far-right leader forged his Covid-19 vaccination certificate so he could travel to the United States. # ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ The_effects_of_COVID-19_and_the_war_in Ukraine_on_children_and_youth⠀⇛ The mental resilience of children and youth has been put to the test due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing war in Ukraine. The consequences have included disruptive behavior, marginalization, distress, and decreased sense of belonging. Anu Liljeström, Director of the Department of Education and Culture, explains that preventing the marginalization of children and youth was a key priority last year, as well as supporting their mental, physical, and social well-being, and their ability to cope with crisis. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Why_Americans_Feel_More_Pain⠀⇛ Chronic pain is not just a result of car accidents and workplace injuries but is also linked to troubled childhoods, loneliness, job insecurity and a hundred other pressures on working families. # ⚓ Reason ☛ Surgeon_General_Vivek_Murthy_Refuses_To Acknowledge_the_Government’s_Misrepresentation_of_Mask Research⠀⇛ Recent comments by former COVID-19 adviser Anthony Fauci contradict what public health officials told us during the pandemic. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ WHO_Experts_Weigh_up_Whether World_Ready_to_End_COVID_Emergency⠀⇛ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Pharma_Giant’s_Experimental_Alzheimer’s Drug_Slows_Cognitive_Decline_by_Over_A_Third⠀⇛ This gives hope. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Ancient_Woman’s_DNA_Recovered_From_20,000- Year-Old_Necklace_Pendant⠀⇛ The only trace left of her. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Remarks_by_Commissioner_Lenarčič_at the_Launch_of_the_Global_Report_on_Food_Crises⠀⇛ This is the third Report launch event I have attended. Every year, the situation is worse. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Noam_Chomsky_Speaks_on_What_ChatGPT_Is Really_Good_For⠀⇛ Artificial intelligence (AI) is sweeping the world. It is transforming every walk of life and raising in the process major ethical concerns for society and the future of humanity. ChatGPT, which is dominating social media, is an AI-powered chatbot developed by OpenAI. It is a subset of machine learning and relies on what is called Large Language Models that can generate human-like responses. The potential application for such technology is indeed enormous, which is why there are already calls to regulate AI like ChatGPT. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Fake_Content_Industry,_AI_Poses_Threat_to Fact-Based_Journalism_Worldwide⠀⇛ Along with the threats to journalists’ safety that watchdog groups have documented for years, the 2023 World Press Freedom Index on Wednesday warned that the rapidly growing artificial intelligence and fake content industries are endangering the livelihoods of journalists around the world and cutting down on people’s ability to access fact- based news. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Large_language_models:_6_pitfalls_to avoid [Ed: Over the past few months enterprisersproject.com published about 2 dozen 'articles' that merely help Microsoft hype/dial up chatbots. It's doing so again today. This helps Microsoft distract from its demise in most areas.]⠀⇛ There has recently been incredible progress in artificial intelligence (AI), due mainly to the advances in developing large language models (LLMs). # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Why_generative_AI_won’t_solve_your cloud_spending_woes [Ed: Red Hat as a Microsoft hype drone will simply have no future]⠀⇛ Tools like ChatGPT are famously capable of producing everything from computer code to poetry, with impressive accuracy and sophistication. But here’s one thing that generative AI is not capable of doing, at least not anytime soon: Helping to solve cloud spending woes. It would be nice if figuring out how to cost-optimize your cloud were as simple as asking an AI engine for tips, but that’s not happening—not because generative AI technologies aren’t impressive (they are) but because AI tools currently lack the ability to understand feedback loops and nuanced business context. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Shopify_to_lay_off_20%_of_its_workforce, beats_quarterly_revenue_estimates⠀⇛ The company posted revenue of $1.51 billion in the quarter ended March 31, compared with analysts’ estimate of $1.43 billion, according to Refinitiv data. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ WhichUK ☛ Weak_banking_security_is_leaving_customers vulnerable_to_fraud_on_stolen_phones,_Which?_warns⠀⇛ Losses to mobile banking fraud have risen by 16%, but there are steps that banks and customers can take to make life harder for criminals # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Court_Rules_in_Favor_of_Merck_in_$1.4 Billion_Insurance_Claim_Over_NotPetya_Cyberattack⠀⇛ Court says insurers must pay Merck for losses related to the Russia-linked NotPetya cyberattack. # ⚓ SANS ☛ Infostealer_Embedded_in_a_Word_Document,_(Thu,_May 4th)⠀⇛ When attackers design malicious documents, one of their challenges is to make the potential victim confident to perform dangerous actions: click on a link, disable a security feature, etc. The best example is probably VBA macros in Microsoft Office documents. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Russian_national_charged_for_role_in stolen_credit_card_verification_scheme⠀⇛ Prosecutors say Denis Kulkov earned at least $18 million in Bitcoin through his service that checked the status of stolen credit cards. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Netgear_Vulnerabilities_Lead_to_Credentials Leak,_Privilege_Escalation⠀⇛ Vulnerabilities in Netgear network management system allow attackers to retrieve cleartext passwords and escalate privileges. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Passkeys_Support_Added_to_Google_Accounts for_Passwordless_Sign-Ins [Ed: The companies behind it were never interested in true security, so the devil is in the details]⠀⇛ Google has added passkeys support to Google accounts on all major platforms as part of the company’s passwordless sign-in efforts. # ⚓ Linux_Kernel_Use-After-Free_Vuln_Could_lead_to_Privilege Escalation,_Malware_Attacks⠀⇛ A use-after-free vulnerability (CVE-2023-1829) has been discovered in the Linux Kernel traffic control index filter (tcindex). It was discovered that the tcindex_delete function does not properly deactivate filters in case of a perfect hashes while deleting the underlying structure, which can later lead to double freeing the structure. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Hackers_Promise_AI,_Install_Malware_Instead [Ed: Media hyping up a bunch of proprietary rubbish from Microsoft (spyware with very low returns) is costing people]⠀⇛ Facebook parent Meta warned that hackers are using the promise of generative artificial intelligence like ChatGPT to trick people into installing malware on devices. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Chrome_113_Released_With_15_Security Patches [Ed: It's not designed for security because sites (remote) can execute all sort of malicious scripts on the client side]⠀⇛ Chrome 113 was released to the stable channel with 15 security fixes, including 10 that address vulnerabilities reported by external researchers. # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Ubuntu_Blog:_Big_data_security_foundations_in_five steps⠀⇛ We’ve all read the headlines about spectacular data breaches and other security incidents, and the impact that they have had on the victim organisations. From LastPass to SolarWinds, “data security” seems to be the phrase on the lips of every CTO these days. And in some ways there’s no place more vulnerable to attack than a big data environment like a data lake. § From the vault Data intensive systems have been the target of countless attacks. Some of the most memorable technical exploits include Log4Shell, Heartbleed and ShellShock. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ US_Marshals’_Secretive_Surveillance_Wing Still_Trying_To_Recover_After_Being_Hit_By_Ransomware More_Than_Two_Months_Ago⠀⇛ Money can’t buy you everything. Not even the kind of money that’s apparently infinite, if our current federal deficit is any indication. # ⚓ Site36 ☛ 30_years_of_„crypto_wars“:_The_EU_chat control_is_the_final_enemy_in_the_battle_over encryption⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ FTC_Praised_for_Pushing_Meta_to_End Exploitation_of_Kids’_Data_for_Profit⠀⇛ Children’s advocacy and government watchdog groups on Wednesday welcomed the Federal Trade Commission’s push to implement new protections for youth users of Meta products including Facebook in response to the company allegedly violating a 2020 privacy order. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ To_‘Uphold_Human_Right_to_Privacy,’ Global_Coalition_Demands_Safeguards_for_Encrypted Services⠀⇛ A global coalition of more than 40 companies and digital rights groups on Wednesday urged governments around the world to publicly vow to “protect encryption and ensure a free and open internet.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Journalists,_Rights_Groups_Urge_Ban on_‘Sinister’_Spyware_Like_Pegasus⠀⇛ Six dozen civil society groups, journalists, and experts marked World Press Freedom Day on Wednesday with a joint call for “all governments to implement an immediate moratorium on the export, sale, transfer, servicing, and use of digital surveillance technologies, as well as a ban on abusive commercial spyware technology and its vendors.” # ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ US_Double_Standards_On_World_Press Freedom_Day⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ FTC_accuses_Facebook_of_violating privacy_agreement,_proposes_ban_on_profiting_off children’s_data⠀⇛ This would be the third time the agency has ordered the company to accept new privacy terms. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ FTC_Seeks_‘Blanket’_Ban_on_Meta’s Use_of_Young_Users’_Data⠀⇛ Citing privacy failings by the tech giant, regulators proposed to stop sites like Instagram and Facebook from profiting off the data of users under 18. # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ As_Reach_warns_of_traffic_slowdown: How_Facebook_referrals_to_publishers_have_plummeted⠀⇛ Data from Chartbeat and Similarweb shows how news publisher Facebook traffic has fallen. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ How_Pentagon_leak_suspect’s_violent_words escaped_notice⠀⇛ The Pentagon missed red flags identifying Airman Jack Teixeira as a security risk. # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Bush’s_‘Mission_Accomplished,’_20_Years_Later⠀⇛ Twenty years ago, President George W. Bush landed in a twin-engine Navy jet on an aircraft carrier, strode across the deck in a bulky flight suit and proceeded to give a televised victory speech under a huge red-white-and-blue banner announcing “Mission Accomplished.” # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ How_should_the_law_treat_Underwater Maritime_Autonomous_Vehicles?⠀⇛ Maritime Autonomous Vehicles (MAVs) have fast become an essential component of the modern maritime security scene and may operate underwater, on the surface, or in the air—though the latter are commonly referred to as drones. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ 8_Students_Killed_After_School_Shooting_in Belgrade,_Serbia⠀⇛ The assailant had two pistols, four Molotov cocktails and detailed plans, the police said. A security guard was also killed. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Teen_Arrested_In_Shooting_At_Belgrade_School_To_Be Placed_In_Psychiatric_Clinic,_Vucic_Says⠀⇛ Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic said a teenage boy accused of killing eight fellow students and a security guard at a school in Belgrade will be placed in a psychiatric clinic in the Serbian capital. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_President_Praises_Assad_‘Victory’_On Landmark_Visit_To_Syria⠀⇛ Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi has hailed Syrian President Bashar al-Assad for achieving “victory” in the country’s 12-year-long civil war. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Iranian_President_Arrives_in_Syria_on_Landmark Visit⠀⇛ “Syrian-Iranian relations are rich in content, experiences and vision because they have been constant and stable even in difficult times,” the Syrian President said. # ⚓ Site36 ☛ Crotone_shipwreck_discovered_by_Frontex_with_high- tech_to_locate_phones_of_refugees⠀⇛ # ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Information_on_Hungary_in_leaked_NATO documents_deemed_authentic⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “We’re_in_Crisis”:_Texas_Democrats_Demand Gun_Control_After_Another_AR-15_Mass_Shooting_Kills_5⠀⇛ Texas authorities have arrested the suspect in last week’s mass shooting in the town of Cleveland and are charging him with five counts of murder. Police say Francisco Oropesa killed five neighbors in the home next door, including a 9-year-old child, after the family asked him to stop firing his AR-15-style rifle in his yard because it was keeping a baby awake. Texas Governor Greg Abbott drew backlash after the shooting for referring to the victims as “illegal immigrants,” for which he later apologized. “His goal is to dehumanize people,” Texas state Senator Roland Gutierrez says of Abbott, adding that the governor has done nothing to stem gun violence and easy access to weapons. “Republican policies across this country have led to a very loose gun policy that allows just about anybody, and certainly in Texas, to go find a weapon like an AR-15 with impunity.” # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘I_didn’t_notice_the_sword_in_my_own_hands’:_Daria Trepova,_charged_with_killing_pro-Kremlin_war_blogger_Vladlen Tatarksy,_speaks_out_from_jail_—_Meduza⠀⇛ On April 2, an explosion in a St. Petersburg cafe killed pro-Kremlin war blogger Vladlen Tatarsky and injured around 40 other people. The blast occurred shortly after Daria Trepova handed Tatarsky a small bust of himself, which investigators believe was packed with radio-controlled explosives. The authorities arrested Trepova the following day, after searching her mother’s home and interrogating the woman. Trepova and some of her close associates insist that, though she is against the war in Ukraine, she was framed as Tatarsky’s killer. From pre-trial detention, Trepova wrote to the publication Rotonda. Meduza is publishing an abridged English-language translation of her message. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Kremlin_says_Ukraine_attempted_to_launch_drone strike_on_Putin’s_Moscow_residence_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Kremlin’s press service reported Wednesday that two Ukrainian drones tried to carry out an attack on Vladimir Putin’s residence in the Kremlin on Tuesday night. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_open_‘justifying_terrorism’ case_against_actor_Alexey_Panin_for_post_about_Crimean_Bridge —_Meduza⠀⇛ Russia’s Investigative Committee opened a criminal case against Russian actor Alexey Panin on charges that he publicly justified terrorism, TASS reports. If found guilty, he could face up to seven years in prison. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Lawyers_locate_Alexey_Moskalev_after_several weeks,_report_he_was_severely_beaten_in_detention_in_Belarus —_Meduza⠀⇛ Alexey Moskalev, who is accused of “discrediting” the Russian army and who was arrested in Belarus after fleeing house arrest, has been extradited to Russia and remanded to pre-trial detention in Smolensk. Vladimir Bilienko, a lawyer with the human rights organization OVD Info, reported Moskalev’s whereabouts after meeting with him. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Critical_timing_Unless_the_Ukrainian_military seizes_the_initiative_soon,_it_risks_losing_more_positions. Meduza’s_updated_combat_map_shows_the_latest_developments_in the_war._—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_forces_shell_Kherson,_killing_18_and injuring_46_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Ukraine’s Prosecutor General reported that the Russian army had shelled Kherson on the morning of May 3. The shelling killed 18 people and injured 46 others, including two children, across the Kherson region. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Dmitry_Medvedev_calls_for_‘physical_elimination’ of_Zelensky_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russian Security Council Deputy Chair Dmitry Medvedev took to Telegram on Wednesday to call for Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to be “physically eliminated” in the wake of the purported Ukrainian drone attack on the Kremlin. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Zelensky_spokesman_says_Ukraine_has_no_information about_alleged_drone_strike_on_Kremlin,_calls_attack ‘predictable_step_from_our_opponents’_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Zelensky spokesman Serhii Nykyforov said in a statement that Ukraine does not attack other countries. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Kherson_governor_announces_scheduled_public_safety lockdown_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Kherson Governor Oleksandr Prokudin announced on Facebook that a public safety lockdown will be imposed in Kherson from 8 p.m. on Friday, May 5 to 6 a.m. on Monday, May 8. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘A_terrorist_attack_and_an_assassination_attempt’ Russia_says_Ukraine_tried_to_kill_Putin_with_Kremlin_drone strike_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Kremlin’s press service reported Wednesday that two Ukrainian drones tried to carry out an attack on Vladimir Putin’s residence in the Kremlin on Tuesday night. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Moscow_Alleges_Putin_Assassination_Attempt as_Ukrainian_Drones_Reportedly_Hit_Kremlin⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_Telegram_channel_reports_Ukrainian_drone attack_on_Bryansk_airbase_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Telegram channel Baza reported Wednesday that the Ukrainian military carried out a drone attack on an airbase in Russia’s Bryansk region the previous night. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_launches_new_wave_of_overnight_drone attacks_on_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russia carried out a wave of drone attacks against Ukraine on the night of May 2–3, Ukraine’s Air Force Command reported. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Consequences_of_Underestimating_China⠀⇛ From the ashes of a world war that killed 80 million people and reduced great cities to smoking rubble, America rose like a Titan of Greek legend, unharmed and armed with extraordinary military and economic power, to govern the globe. During four years of combat against the Axis leaders in Berlin and Tokyo that raged across the planet, America’s wartime commanders—George Marshall in Washington, Dwight D. Eisenhower in Europe, and Chester Nimitz in the Pacific—knew that their main strategic objective was to gain control over the vast Eurasian landmass. Whether you’re talking about desert warfare in North Africa, the D-Day landing at Normandy, bloody battles on the Burma-India border, or the island-hopping campaign across the Pacific, the Allied strategy in World War II involved constricting the reach of the Axis powers globally and then wresting that very continent from their grasp. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Ukraine,_the_Deepening_Euro-Atlantic Crisis,_and_Common_Security_Possibilities⠀⇛ The following is based on a speech—entitled “17th Strategy Conference of the Cooperation for Peace: Our Security Can Only Work Together: Ukraine, Russia, and Europe in a Multipolar World”—delivered in Hamburg, Germany on April 28 to Germany’s largest annual peace conference. # ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ US_troops_in_Somalia_rise_to_900,_House votes_not_to_withdraw⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Who_Is_Fighting_Whom_in_Sudan?⠀⇛ The conflict is domestic, regional and international. Western media have been exaggerating the role of the Wagner Group and all but omitting the influence of U.S. allies in the region. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Cargo_ships_“going_dark”_undermine_Russian sanctions._The_EU_wants_to_ban_the_practice⠀⇛ Fourteen months of increasingly tough trade restrictions have not brought the Russian economy to its knees, nor have they forced the end of its war_in_Ukraine. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Baltics_and_Poland_to_back_Ukraine’s_membership_of NATO⠀⇛ The Baltic countries and Poland will work on a joint declaration supporting Ukraine’s accession to NATO, Saeima Speaker Edvards Smiltēns (United List) said after a meeting with his Estonian counterpart Lauri Hussar in Riga on Wednesday, reported the LETA newswire. # ⚓ France24 ☛ UN_pressures_Sudan’s_warring_generals_to guarantee_humanitarian_aid_access⠀⇛ The United Nations pressed Sudan’s warring factions on Wednesday to guarantee safe passage of humanitarian aid after six trucks were looted and air strikes in the capital undermined a supposed truce. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Fleeing_Sudan,_Some_Find_Saudi_Ships_‘a Golden_Opportunity’_to_Escape⠀⇛ A Sudanese student waiting to be evacuated by Saudi Arabia counted himself as one of the lucky ones: Born in the kingdom and holding a residency permit, he could board a rescue ship. # ⚓ France24 ☛ USAID_pauses_food_assistance_to_Tigray_region_of Ethiopia_amid_theft⠀⇛ The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) announced on Wednesday the temporary suspension of its food assistance to the Tigray region of Ethiopia. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ South_Africans_Call_for_UK_to Return_Diamonds_Set_in_Crown_Jewels⠀⇛ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Floods_and_Landslides_Kill_More_Than_120 in_Rwanda⠀⇛ Many areas across East Africa have in recent years experienced both severe droughts and heavy rainfalls that killed many and damaged property and crops. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Floods_from_heavy_rainfall_kill_at_least_129_in Rwanda⠀⇛ Torrential rains caused flooding in western and northern Rwanda, killing at least 129 people, a public broadcaster said Wednesday. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Security_guard_buried_alive_after landslide_in_Kuala_Lumpur⠀⇛ The landslide happened at around 1am on Thursday. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Single-GPU_Systems_Will_Beat_Quantum Computers_for_a_While:_Research⠀⇛ Researchers with Microsoft, AWS and the Scalable Parallel Computing Laboratory in Zurich have published research that throws some doubt over how soon quantum computers will achieve advantage over their classical counterparts. # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Winners_and_Losers_in_Sudan:_On_Proxy_Wars_and Superpower_Rivalries_in_the_Global_South⠀⇛ The world is changing. In fact, it has been undergoing seismic change that long preceded the Russian-Ukraine war, and the recent US-Chinese tensions in the Taiwan Strait. In fact, the US debacle in Iraq and the Middle East, and the humiliating retreat from Afghanistan were only signs of the decline in US power. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ukrainians_are_inspired_by_Finland’s heroic_past_and_NATO_present⠀⇛ Ukrainians are inspired by Finland’s record of resisting Russian imperial aggression and encouraged by the country’s recent accession to NATO, writes the head of Ukraine’s Office of the President, Andriy Yermak. # ⚓ France24 ☛ 🔴_Live:_Zelensky_to_meet_ICC_leaders_on Netherlands_trip⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is visiting The Hague on Thursday and will meet the leadership of the International Criminal Court, which has issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin, his spokesman said.. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Unleashes_New_Wave_Of_Drones_On_Ukraine_As Donetsk_Defenders_Hold_Ground⠀⇛ Russia launched another wave of drone attacks overnight across Ukraine, but most were repelled by Ukrainian air defenses, the military said on May 4, a day after more than 20 civilians were killed by Iranian-made Shaheds.. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kuleba_Says_EU_Move_To_Provide_Ukraine_With_More Ammunition_Is_Step_Kyiv’s_Been_Waiting_For⠀⇛ Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said a decision by the European Union to allocate hundreds of millions of euros for the purchase and production of ammunition and missiles for Ukraine is a step that Kyiv has been waiting for. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Former_F1_Driver_Mazepin_Fighting_U.K. Sanctions_To_Revive_Career⠀⇛ Russian former Formula One driver Nikita Mazepin is fighting British sanctions imposed following the invasion of Ukraine in a bid to resurrect his racing career. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Zelenskiy_Denies_Kremlin_Accusation_That_Kyiv_Was Behind_Alleged_Drone_Attack⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said his country did not attack Moscow or Russian President Vladimir Putin, denying Russia’s claim that Ukraine was behind an alleged overnight drone attack aimed at hitting Putin’s residence inside the Kremlin. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Fire,_Explosions,_Drone_Attack_Reported_In_Russian Regions_Close_To_Ukraine⠀⇛ Fire, damaging explosions on railways, and a drone attack targeting a military airport have been reported in two Russian regions close to Ukraine, Krasnodar and Bryansk. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine’s_Zelenskiy_To_Speak_In_The_Hague,_Dutch Government_Says⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy is expected to speak in the Netherlands on May 4, the Dutch government said. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Ukraine_Tried_to_Attack_the_Kremlin_With_Drones⠀⇛ Despite what happened, the military parade on Red Square will go ahead as planned, Kremlin spokesman Dmitri Peskov said. # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Drone_Explodes_Over_Kremlin,_Russia Alleges_Putin_Assassination_Attempt⠀⇛ Ukraine has denied any connection to the incident and said Russia was planning its own terror attack. # ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Finland_will_continue_supporting_Ukraine, assure_Kaikkonen_and_Orpo⠀⇛ MINISTER OF DEFENCE Antti Kaikkonen (Centre) on Wednesday assured that Finland will continue supporting Ukraine uninterrupted even if the coalition formation negotiations drag into June. Kaikkonen stated on YLE A-studio that the caretaker government has looked into the question with the Chancellor of Justice, concluding that decisions on additional aid packages can be made as long as the approach remains unchanged. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Ukrainian_Air_Defences_Destroy 18_Out_of_24_Russian_Drones_Overnight⠀⇛ # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Artists_to_Russia:_‘Our_Fire_Is Stronger_Than_Your_Bombs’⠀⇛ An exhibit has opened in New Hampshire detailing the war in Ukraine through the eyes of eight Ukrainian artists # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Russia_Unlikely_to_Face Criticism_at_Central_Asian_Meeting⠀⇛ Russia is unlikely to face backlash over its war in Ukraine from Central Asian foreign ministers and instead could flex its influence at their regional meeting Friday # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Explosions_Heard_in_Kyiv,_Other Ukrainian_Cities_–_Authorities⠀⇛ # ⚓ YLE ☛ Ukrainian_President_Zelensky_thanks_Finland_for continued_support,_calls_for_more_weapons⠀⇛ The President of Ukraine was speaking at a press conference in Helsinki on Wednesday as he made a surprise visit to Finland to attend a meeting of Nordic Prime Ministers. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Kremlin_made_an_intentional_choice_to publicize_the_drone_episode._The_question_is_why.⠀⇛ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Explosions_rock_Kyiv_and_Odesa_overnight after_Kremlin_incident.⠀⇛ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Explosions_Over_the_Kremlin_Set_Off Dueling_Accusations⠀⇛ Russia accused Ukraine of launching drones at the Kremlin aimed at killing President Vladimir V. Putin. The Ukrainian president denied the claim, and officials in Kyiv warned that Russia could use it to launch “a large-scale terrorist provocation.” # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Explosions_Above_Kremlin_Were_an_Attempt to_Kill_Putin,_Russia_Claims⠀⇛ Russia said Ukraine had launched a drone attack, which Kyiv vehemently denied, accusing Russia of manufacturing a pretext for escalation. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Zelensky_Arrives_in_the_Netherlands_to Speak_at_The_Hague,_Dutch_Media_Reports⠀⇛ The Ukrainian president has long urged that Vladimir Putin and others be held to account under international law. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Zelensky_Denies_Ukraine_Carried_Out_the Drone_Attack_on_the_Kremlin⠀⇛ The Ukrainian president flatly denied that his country was behind any drone attack on the Kremlin. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Zelensky_Travels_to_Finland_to_Meet_With Nordic_Leaders⠀⇛ The Ukrainian president has made few overseas trips since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Secret_‘Mission’_for_Peace_in_Ukraine_May Show_Limits_of_Pope’s_Influence⠀⇛ Since Francis made cryptic reference to a Vatican peace effort, the suggestion has elicited denial or bewilderment by war’s protagonists. # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ ‘America’s_Gift_to_Famine-Stricken_Russia’ as_a_propagandist_display_of_U.S._relief_efforts⠀⇛ The Hoover Institution’s screening of the 1922 film told the history of America aiding Soviet Russians during the 1922 famine. The film is a testament to the power of art in shaping public perspectives, writes Liu. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Kremlin_claims_Kyiv_attempted_to_assassinate_Putin with_overnight_drone_attack,_vows_retaliation_for_‘act_of terror’⠀⇛ The Kremlin press service said Wednesday that Kyiv had deployed drones to the Kremlin the night prior in an attempt to assassinate Russian President Vladimir Putin. Two unmanned aerial vehicles were aimed at the Kremlin. # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Prisoner_exchange_‘only_route_out’_for_Evan Gershkovich,_fears_Independent’s_diplomatic_editor⠀⇛ Kim Sengupta thought the Russian government is otherwise unlikely to release the Wall Street Journal reporter. # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Beleaguered_Russia_to_Show_Troops_Videos of_NATO_Tanks_Exploding_to_Boost_Morale⠀⇛ Russia is deploying 75 year old tanks to the battlefield and coming up with unique plans to counter the modern ones NATO is sending to the battlefield. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Why_Russian_Élites_Think_Putin’s_War_Is_Doomed to_Fail⠀⇛ Rival factions are jockeying for power as the country navigates a crisis with no clear way out. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Fire_Extinguished_at_Russian_Oil Refinery_After_Drone_Attack_–_TASS⠀⇛ # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Despite_War,_Sanctions,_Russians in_London_Commercial_Courts_Reach_New_Record_-Report⠀⇛ A record number of Russians have appeared in London’s Commercial Courts over the last year, despite the war… # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Verified_Videos_Show_Two_Drones_Exploding Over_the_Kremlin_in_Russia⠀⇛ The explosions were separated by about 15 minutes and one caused a brief fire. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_Is_the_Kremlin,_the_Heart_of_Putin’s Security_Bubble_in_Russia?⠀⇛ The Russian president resides at various heavily guarded locations and travels frequently between Moscow and a compound in an elite suburb miles away. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ US_House_Members_Unveil_Stock_Trading_Ban⠀⇛ “When members have access to classified information, we should not be trading in the stock market on it,” said Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. “It’s really that simple.” o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ The_Former_Extinction_Rebellion_Campaigners Rallying_A_Climate_Majority⠀⇛ Governments show time and again they won’t deliver adequate climate solutions of their own accord. If the world is ever going to get serious on climate, it will be because a mass movement of citizen action insists on it.  Except, no such mobilisation of citizens yet exists across the global north. Accordingly, nothing like sufficient bottom-up pressure exists to hold governments accountable for inadequate climate pledges, let alone policies commensurate with climate science. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ UN_Warns_Developing_El_Niño_Could_Seriously Add_to_Warming_Woes_in_2024⠀⇛ “The world should prepare.” # ⚓ New York Times ☛ ‘A_New_Spike’_in_Global_Temperatures_in the_Forecast⠀⇛ The World Meteorological Organization reports increased odds that El Niño, the global weather pattern often tied to intense heat, will arrive by fall. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Sultan_al-Jaber,_Who_Heads_U.N._Climate Talks,_Hints_at_His_Approach⠀⇛ In a speech, Sultan al-Jaber, the Emirati official presiding over this year’s climate summit, spoke of emissions cuts, but experts also cited ambiguity in his statements. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Scientists_warn_on_climate_impact_as Australia_unlocks_giant_gas_region⠀⇛ Opponents say development of the gas basin would generate as much as an additional 89 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions annually. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Conservative_Party_Funds_Anti-ULEZ_Facebook Ad_Blitz⠀⇛ The Conservatives deployed anti-ULEZ adverts on Facebook in March and April that were seen on more than three million occasions, DeSmog research has found.  The party has engaged in a concerted online campaign against the expansion of London Mayor Sadiq Khan’s Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ), which has been the subject of more than a quarter (28.4 percent) of the 88 adverts that were launched during this period. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Tesla_Plans_to_Build_Huge_Factory_in Mexican_City_Struggling_With_Water_Scarcity⠀⇛ Activists from Mexico are decrying the plan as a prime example of “colonial extractivism.” # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Balaji_Srinivasan_lost_$1_million_in_a bizarre_bitcoin_bet⠀⇛ A pseudonymous leftist Twitter account won $1 million from crypto investor Balaji Srinivasan over a bet on US inflation. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Iran_has_seized_its_second_oil_tanker_in_a week⠀⇛ A swarm of Iranian fast-craft vessels surrounded the Niovi, a Panama-flagged oil tanker crossing the Strait of Hormuz, at dawn on Wednesday (May 3), steering it towards Iranian waters. It was the second ship Iran has seized in the past week, and the latest escalation in tensions between the US and Iran. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Iran’s_Revolutionary_Guard seizes_tanker_in_Strait_of_Hormuz⠀⇛ Iran has seized a Panama-flagged oil tanker in the Strait of Hormuz, the second such capture by Tehran in recent days. That’s according to the U.S. Navy. The Mideast-based 5th Fleet identified the vessel taken as the Niovi. It said Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard seized the ship on Wednesday. The Navy published pictures of small Guard vessels surrounding the tanker. Iran’s state-run IRNA news agency acknowledged that the Guard seized the vessel, but offered no motive. Last week, Iran seized an oil tanker carrying crude for Chevron amid wider tensions between Tehran and the United States over its nuclear program. # ⚓ H2 View ☛ Refineries_to_use_six_million_tonnes_of low-emissions_hydrogen_by_2030,_reports_IEA⠀⇛ Around six million tonnes of low-emissions electrolysis hydrogen is projected to be used in refineries in 2030, according to a new IEA World Energy Outlook special report. # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ From_nighttime_solar_panels_to_algae biofuels,_emerging_research_presented_at_Energy Solutions_Week⠀⇛ Leading Stanford researchers came together at Energy Solutions Week to discuss solutions for energy transition and current technology development trends. The event was invite- only. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The Revelator ☛ California_Condors_vs._Avian_Flu:_Can the_Endangered_Birds_Survive?⠀⇛ o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ TurkStat_announces_inflation_at_43%,_continues_to_withhold inflation_basket_despite_court_ruling⠀⇛ ENAG reports that Turkey’s inflation rate remains in triple digits. Despite DİSK’s win in a lawsuit against the suspension, the official statistical institute continues to withhold the publication of its inflation basket. # ⚓ AFP_journalists_in_İstanbul_go_on_strike_over_low_wages⠀⇛ The journalists say their wages have eroded due to the high inflation in Turkey, demanding improved wages. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Stock_markets_nervous_about_Fed_pivot, banking_sector⠀⇛ Global stock markets have sagged while the Japanese yen has risen in reaction to the Fed’s policy statement and signs of stress at another US regional bank, spurring investors to price in a pivot rather than just a pause in rate rises. # ⚓ Axios ☛ Fed_raises_interest_rates,_hints_possible_end_to series_of_hikes⠀⇛ The Federal Reserve raised interest rates by a quarter percentage point on Wednesday, marking the 10th_consecutive_move in an aggressive hiking campaign that began a year ago to cool inflation. Why it matters: As the banking_system shows renewed signs of stress, the central bank gave its strongest signal yet that it could pause its series of rate increases. # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Regional_banks_and_the_US_debt_ceiling:_Quartz Smart_Investing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ NMB_Remit_joins_crowded_domestic_remittance market,_can_it_make_a_mark?⠀⇛ The collapse of the Zimdollar has led to some interesting phenomena in Zimbabwe. The population prefers the US dollar but cannot bring themselves to bank said USD. This means when it comes time to transfer money, Zimbabweans cannot turn to banks. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Treasurer_calls_on_banks_to_give_rate rises_to_savers⠀⇛ Banks should pass on the latest interest rate hike to savers without delay, the treasurer says. Jim Chalmers has urged banks to apply the cash rate increase to deposit accounts as quickly as they are passing them on to borrowers. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Ziedonis_‘Stardust’_collector_coin_to_be_sold⠀⇛ The Latvian central bank (Latvijas banka, LB) said May 3 it will put another special coin on sale on May 11. This time the theme is the much-loved poet Imants Ziedonis (3 May 1933–27 February 2013). # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Warren,_Sanders,_and_10_Others_to_Powell: Stop_Hiking_Rates_or_Risk_Terrible_Recession⠀⇛ Ten lawmakers including progressive Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders implored the Federal Reserve to impose a pause on interest rate hikes during its Wednesday meeting, warning that further financial tightening in the name of fighting inflation would risk a brutal, job-killing recession. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Debt_Ceiling:_Economist_James_K._Galbraith Warns_GOP_Proposal_Would_Gut_Social_Safety_Net⠀⇛ U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen has warned Congress that the United States could run out of money to pay its bills by June 1 unless lawmakers raise the debt ceiling. House Republicans last week narrowly passed a bill to raise the debt ceiling, but only in exchange for sweeping spending cuts to numerous programs, including student debt relief, food assistance, Medicaid and renewable energy. Democrats, meanwhile, are pushing for a vote to raise the debt ceiling without imposing cuts, even as the constitutionality of the debt ceiling has been questioned by some legal scholars. For more on the debt ceiling, recent bank failures and other economic news, we speak with James Galbraith, economist and professor at the University of Texas at Austin. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Another_year_of_record_fossil_fuel subsidies._What’s_the_scam?⠀⇛ Government subsidies for fossil fuel companies have hit records again – more money than is spent on Australia’s army. What’s the scam? The scam is, in gas particularly, the winners are mostly foreign-owned multinational companies. The scam is also that these companies are enjoying soaring profits and most of them are serious tax avoiders. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Why_Are_Prices_Still_So_High?_Follow_a_Tire to_Find_Out.⠀⇛ The trouble that brought Heather Brown to Tire Town Auto Service in Picayune, Mississippi, had started with a shake as she drove down the interstate. The tires she relied on to guide her gold 2014 Nissan Rogue and grip the asphalt when she braked seemed to shift and bounce unpredictably. The 29-year-old single mom had purchased the used SUV in early 2022, and when she brought it to a dealership, a mechanic diagnosed a condition that was potentially dangerous for Brown and her 10-year-old son: The steel cords in all four of her tires were separating. Brown replaced two of the tires in July and tried to save for the other two. But inflation kept eating away at her paycheck from her $14.31-an-hour job at a nursing home. So, needing the tires and with Christmas on the way, she took out a personal loan and pulled up to Tire Town on a drizzly Saturday morning in late November. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Median_Pay_of_Top_US_CEOs_Jumped_to_Record $22.3_Billion_Last_Year⠀⇛ As workers in a range of industries across the United States demanded fair pay and benefits last year—and in several cases, were forced to strike as companies refused to meet those demands—median compensation for the top chief executives rose to a record-breaking $22.3 million. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Bombshell_Report_Exposes_Key_Argument Against_Student_Debt_Relief_as_‘Categorically_False’⠀⇛ The argument at the center of Republican officials’ case against President Joe Biden’s student debt cancellation plan is “categorically false,” according to an explosive new report released Tuesday by the Roosevelt Institute and the Debt Collective. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Warren_Leads_Call_to_End_Dispute_System ‘Weaponized’_by_Corporations_Amid_Honduras_Case⠀⇛ U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren and Rep. Lloyd Doggett on Wednesday led nearly three dozen progressive members of Congress in demanding an end to the Investor-State Dispute Settlement system, a key feature of corporate-managed trade agreements signed, and often initiated, by the United States. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Budget_funds_to_meet_record_aged_care wage_rise_ruling⠀⇛ More than 250,000 aged care workers are in for a record 15 per cent pay rise under a $11.3 billion boost in the federal budget. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Global_venture_capital_investments_drop_56% in_April [Ed: Yesterday they said 59%]⠀⇛ New data released today by Crunchbase Inc. finds that global venture capital funding continued to decline in April as broader macroeconomic issues, 40-year-high interest rates and the war in Ukraine continue to disrupt global markets. ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_Fed_raised_rates_again_but_left_doubt_as_to_whether_there_are more_hikes_to_come⠀⇛ The US Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by another 25 basis points on May 3. Left unsaid, however, was whether the Fed is done hiking yet. ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ US_central_bank_lifts_rates_by_25_basis_points⠀⇛ The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates by a quarter of a percentage point and signalled it may pause further increases, giving officials time to assess the fall-out from recent bank failures, wait on the resolution of a political stand-off over the US debt ceiling and monitor the course of inflation. ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Stock_Market_Today:_Asian_Markets_Higher_After_US Rate_Hike⠀⇛ Asian stock markets are mostly higher after the Federal Reserve raised its benchmark lending rate again to cool inflation and said it isn’t sure what may come next ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ The_Fed_raises_interest_rates_for_10th_time_amid_economic turmoil⠀⇛ The Federal Reserve raised key interest rates by a quarter percentage point. The Wednesday announcement offered little indication that the Fed’s rate hikes have made significant progress toward the goal of cooling the economy, the job market, and inflation. ⚓ Axios ☛ “Nobody_believes_her”:_Republicans_believe_debt_ceiling_cliff_is further_than_Yellen_claims⠀⇛ Senate Republicans are deeply skeptical of Treasury_Secretary_Janet Yellen’s_estimate that the U.S. will not be able to pay its bills as early as June 1 if Congress does not raise the debt ceiling. Why it matters: A firm deadline can be a forcing mechanism in any negotiations, especially on Capitol Hill. But deadlines only work if all the parties actually believe that they are real. § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Jack_Dorsey_Takes_Aim_at_Elon_Musk_and_Twitter_on_New Platform⠀⇛ The Twitter co-founder has posted prolifically on two new social networks, Nostr and Bluesky, which he also backed financially. * ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ TikTok_Loses_U.S._Head_of_Safety_As_Government_Ban Looms⠀⇛ TikTok’s U.S. Head of Safety and Trust is leaving the company on May 12, according to reports. Eric Han’s departure comes as TikTok grapples with a potential government ban. Eric Han led the safety teams for TikTok in the US for years. * ⚓ YLE ☛ EU_parliamentary_group_labels_Finland’s_PM-designate_Orpo_“puppet of_the_far_right”⠀⇛ In a since-deleted Facebook post, the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats accused NCP leader Petteri Orpo of pandering to the far right. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ The_Hong_Kong_Bar_Association’s_endangered reputation,_and_the_seven-year itch⠀⇛ Tanya Chan, former legislator and former barrister, has been censured by the disciplinary committee of the Bar Association for “bringing the profession into disrepute” in two speeches made in 2014 to pro-democracy Umbrella Movement protesters. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Exodus_of_Hongkongers_does_not_impact_salary_tax revenue,_says_finance_chief⠀⇛ The exodus of Hongkongers does not impact the city’s salaries tax revenue, said Hong Kong’s financial chief Paul Chan on Wednesday. Meanwhile, this year’s budget was passed by the “patriots-only” legislature with only one abstention. * ⚓ Meduza ☛ Major_donor_to_Navalny’s_Anti-Corruption_Foundation_plans_to cut_back_on_contributions_in_wake_of_Berlin_opposition_forum_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Boris Zimin, one of the key donors to Alexey Navalny’s Anti- Corruption Foundation, says he is about to reduce the amount of his regular contributions to the organization. * ⚓ Meduza ☛ Alexey_Navalny_subjected_to_‘Putin_torture’_in_prison,_forced to_listen_to_recorded_speeches_at_top_volume_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The imprisoned opposition politician Alexey Navalny writes that the penal colony management has come up with a new way to make his prison life intolerable. Every evening, Vladimir Putin’s recorded speeches sound, at top volume, from loudspeakers throughout the building and in the penal cell that has become Navalny’s regular dwelling-place. * ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ The_USA_–_What_Democracy?⠀⇛ Joe Biden will very probably be re-elected. No incumbent President has ever lost a primary (though it should be remembered the current primary system is younger than me). Only one sitting President has ever not been selected by their party to stand again, and that was knocking on two hundred years ago. * ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Supreme_Court:_Are_New_Ethics_Rules_Needed_as_Gorsuch, Roberts_&_Thomas_Face_Questions_over_Finances?⠀⇛ Three conservative Supreme Court justices are now embroiled in a growing ethics scandal about their personal and financial connections. Recent reporting has revealed that Justice Neil Gorsuch sold property he co-owned to the head of a major law firm that has since had many cases before the court, Justice Clarence Thomas failed to disclose lavish gifts and payments from billionaire and conservative activist Harlan Crow, and the wife of Chief Justice John Roberts was paid over $10 million in commissions as a job recruiter placing lawyers at elite law firms. Legal experts and lawmakers are increasingly pushing for ethics reform on the high court, with the Senate Judiciary Committee holding a hearing on the issue on Tuesday. “Because they don’t have an ethics code, you don’t know whether they’re doing things in an above-board way,” says Vox senior correspondent Ian Millhiser. He also discusses growing frustration that California Senator Dianne Feinstein has not resigned her seat amid a prolonged absence from the Senate due to illness, which is stopping Democrats from confirming federal judges. * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Bethesda_DMCAs_Its_Official_Twitter_Account_Trying_To_Stop ‘Redfall’_Leaks⠀⇛ We’re getting into the warmer seasons, which means AAA games are coming up for release dates. It also means that leaks of content, or sometimes the entire games, for those AAA games are coming out as well. We just talked about several leaks coming out for Nintendo’s latest Zelda title. And now, right on the cusp of Bethesda’s release of the much anticipated Redfall, the publisher is very busy trying to nuke every bit of leaked content it can sniff out on the internet. Including, briefly, images of Redfall appearing on its own official Twitter account. * ⚓ The Nation ☛ Tucker_Carlson’s_Racist_Text_Didn’t_Get_Him_Fired⠀⇛ I really thought I’d written my last words on Tucker Carlson. Last week, after Fox fired him, I told him not to let the door hit him in the ass. But the New York Times article exposing a racist Carlson text, and suggesting that it’s what got him fired, demands at least a little context. * ⚓ The Nation ☛ Guns_Paralyze⠀⇛ * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Goodbye_Twitter:_Techdirt_Will_Soon_End_Our_Automated Posting⠀⇛ Over the last few months we’d been wondering if it was worth pulling Techdirt posting from Twitter altogether, but had been too busy with other stuff to make a decision, and now it looks like Twitter has made the decision for us. Last week, Automattic informed us that Elon Musk was demanding a ridiculous amount of money to continue allowing its Jetpack service to use the API to enable WordPress sites to automatically post to Twitter. Automattic publicly announced this week that it would not pay, and that WordPress sites would no longer be able to automatically post to Twitter. * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon_Whines_That_He’ll_Give_Away_NPR’s_Twitter_Account_If They_Won’t_Start_Using_Twitter_Again⠀⇛ It’s truly incredible what a childish person Elon Musk can be. As you’ll recall, he thought it was the funniest thing in the world to misleadingly label NPR as “state affiliated media,” a label that had been previously reserved for media organizations that were voices of the state, rather than independent. He did it because one of his nonsense peddler followers made some joke about NPR being state-affiliated media, and in typical Elon fashion, rather than looking into any of this or understanding the reasons why the “state-affiliated media” labels existed, thought it would put NPR in its place to put the label on them as well. * ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ We_don’t_want_to_become_a_country_of_immigrants_– Hungarian_Parliament_adopts_declaration_three_days_after_Pope_Francis’ visit⠀⇛ * ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Hungarian_judicial_reform_worth_€13_billion_voted through,_hidden_in_amendment⠀⇛ * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ DC_Appeals_Court_Belatedly_Declares_USPS_Custom_Stamp Program_Restrictions_Unconstitutional⠀⇛ In 2005, the US Postal Service (USPS) began to get into the crowdsourcing business. For a fee, anyone could create custom stamps that could be sold through the government’s approved stamp portal (Stamps.com), provided they survived a cursory review by inattentive public servants. * ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Private_Equity_is_Out_of_Control_and_Looting_America._This Prosecutor_Says_We_Can_Fix_It⠀⇛ In his new book, “Plunder: Private Equity’s Plan To Pillage America,” Brendan Ballou, a federal prosecutor who served as Special Counsel for Private Equity in the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division, outlines the dangers of a trillion-dollar industry that hardly anyone understands. He explains how Americans can fight their harmful practices. * ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Philadelphia_Mayoral_Race_Hones_in_on_Crime Policies⠀⇛ In Philadelphia’s first mayoral race since crime spiked during the coronavirus pandemic, the crowded Democratic field is trying to make public safety a campaign cornerstone § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ The Nation ☛ Ron_DeSantis_Declares_War_on_Disney⠀⇛ For the real story of the dueling leadership styles of the Republican Party, look to the courts. As former president Donald Trump battles criminal and civil charges stemming from a payoff to a porn star and an alleged rape, his closest potential rival for the GOP presidential nomination is mounting a legal counteroffensive against Disney. Florida Governor Ron Desantis has clashed against the corporation over its dissent from his plan to program anti-LGBQT+ bigotry into Florida’s public schools, a fight that has rapidly escalated. The Sunshine State’s newly instituted Central Florida Central Tourism District Board of Supervisors—a handpicked panel of DeSantis cronies that includes a pastor who once took to YouTube to suggest that drinking water could turn people gay—convened an emergency meeting to vote unanimously on Monday to sue Disney. The vote was a response to a suit filed last week by the Magic Kingdom’s legal team claiming that the DeSantis administration’s threatened suspension of a long- standing tax abatement for the company was a retaliatory violation of the company’s First Amendment protections after it had protested DeSantis’s “Don’t Say Gay” legislation. * ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Now_Reintroduced,_The_Kids_Online_Safety_Act_is_Still_A Huge_Danger_to_Our_Rights_Online⠀⇛ KOSA’s burdens will affect adults, too, who will likely face hurdles to accessing legal content online as a result of the bill. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Canada_politician_demands_expulsion_of_Chinese diplomat_accused_of_planning_to_intimidate_him_and_family_in_Hong_Kong⠀⇛ A Canadian lawmaker on Wednesday called for Ottawa to expel a Chinese diplomat accused of having sought to intimidate him and his family in Hong Kong over the MP’s criticisms of Beijing. § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ * ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Trump_lawsuit_against_New_York_Times_over_2018 series_tossed⠀⇛ Former President Donald Trump’s lawsuit against The New York Times over a 2018 investigative series into his family’s wealth and tax practices was dismissed by a state judge. The lawsuit accused the Times and three of its investigative reporters of relentlessly seeking out his estranged niece, Mary Trump, as a source of information and convincing her to turn over confidential documents. The Times and its reporters on Wednesday succeeded in getting a judge to dismiss the claims against them. Trump attorney Alina Habba said “we will weigh our client’s options.” * ⚓ Meduza ☛ Belarusian_dissident_Roman_Protasevich_sentenced_to_eight years_in_prison_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A Minsk court has sentenced Roman Protasevich, the former head of the Telegram channel Nexta, to eight years in prison, according to the Belarusian news agency Belta. * ⚓ Shadowproof ☛ US_Double_Standards_On_World_Press_Freedom_Day⠀⇛ A similar statement about the climate of fear fueled by prosecuting Assange has been made by Rebecca Vincent, the director of operations and international campaigns for Reporters Without Borders (RSF).“If the U.S. government is successful in securing Assange’s extradition and prosecuting him for his contributions to public interest reporting, the same precedent could be applied to any journalist anywhere,” Vincent contended. “The possible implications of this case simply cannot be understated; it is the very future of journalism and press freedom that is at stake.”This year, Blinken will participate in a “moderated conversation on the state of press freedom worldwide” with Washington Post columnist David Ignatius. * ⚓ Quartz ☛ India_drops_below_Pakistan_and_Afghanistan_in_press_freedom amid_BBC_row⠀⇛ Press freedom in India has_taken_a_turn_for_the_worse, according to the World_Press_Freedom_Index. * ⚓ The Nation ☛ If_Biden_Really_Believes_in_Press_Freedom,_He’ll_Stop Targeting_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ President Biden opened his speech at Saturday night’s White House Correspondents Dinner with an urgent appeal for the release of imprisoned journalists—and for increased global recognition of the vital importance of robust protections for a free press. * ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Chris_Hedges:_Julian_Assange_and_World_Press_Freedom_Day⠀⇛ This is a talk Chris Hedges gave in New York City at rally calling for the immediate release of Julian Assange on World Press Freedom Day. * ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ If_Biden_Believes_Journalism_Is_Not_a_Crime,_He’ll_Drop Charges_Against_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ President Biden opened his speech at Saturday night’s White House Correspondents Dinner with an urgent appeal for the release of imprisoned journalists—and for increased global recognition of the vital importance of robust protections for a free press. * ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ How_Lawmakers_Are_Helping_Sinclair_Broadcast_Group Destroy_Local_News⠀⇛ Sometimes lawmakers write legislation that would do the opposite of its stated goal. Nowhere is this more evident than in two recent bills—one introduced at the state level and another in the U.S. Congress—that are supposedly designed to “save local news.” * ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Don’t_Laugh,_There_Is_a_Policy_Solution_to_the_Problem_of American_Journalism⠀⇛ If we can’t figure out a way to pay local reporters then, as a country, we’re only left with that many more blind spots to where the bull is happening. You hear about all these newsrooms getting cuts. That’s every article that Tamara has been sending me the […] * ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Reporters_Without_Borders:_minimal_improvement_for press_freedom_in_Hungary⠀⇛ § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ * ⚓ The Nation ☛ Tennessee_Republicans_Are_Showing_Exactly_How_Deep American_Racism_Goes⠀⇛ I’ve been a Black person in this country for 44 years. There is very little about racism that still surprises me. Indeed, being able to anticipate what racist white folks will do next is an essential survival skill: “Surprise” is a luxury I cannot afford when I am so often the only Black person in a room. * ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ A_Texas_Prison_Guard_Placed_a_Woman_in_Isolation_for Talking_About_Abortion⠀⇛ Legal experts told The Nation it’s not illegal. But that didn’t stop one guard from moving a woman to extreme isolation after sharing sexual health information. * ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Activists_Arrested_for_Occupying_Florida_Gov._DeSantis’ Office_While_Staff_Literally_Eat_Cake⠀⇛ More than a dozen activists were arrested late Wednesday after occupying part of Republican Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis’ office to protest his “fascist agenda,” especially his support for a new anti-immigrant bill. * ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Wyoming_Mayor:_Sorry_for_Fiery_Abortion Clinic_Facebook_Post⠀⇛ The mayor of Casper, Wyoming, is apologizing for a Facebook post some say evoked last year’s arson attack that delayed opening an abortion clinic * ⚓ EDRI ☛ EDRi-gram,_3_May_2023⠀⇛ This week, as the EU Parliament gets ready to vote on the AI Act, we are urging members of Parliament to protect people’s rights in this landmark legislation. We are putting forward our recommendations to lawmakers on protecting journalists from all kinds of surveillance through the European Media Freedom Act. Among other digital rights updates, read about how Irish and French Parliamentarians have become the latest voices to sound the alarm against monitoring of people’s messages in the proposed Child Sexual Abuse Regulation. * ⚓ Quartz ☛ A_McDonald’s_franchisee_was_fined_for_employing_10-year-olds⠀⇛ Three McDonald’s_franchisees in Kentucky were fined for violating federal child labor laws. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.S._Notes_‘With_Disappointment’_Turkey’s_Suspension_Of Overflight_Permissions_For_Armenian_Airlines⠀⇛ The United States has noted “with disappointment” Turkey’s announcement that it would suspend Armenian airline overflight permission, a U.S. State Department spokesman said on May 3. * ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Memo_Reveals_How_Sandra_Day_O’Connor_Helped_Get_George W._Bush_to_the_White_House⠀⇛ Former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor played a greater role than previously known in handing the highly contentious 2000 presidential election to George W. Bush, a document released Tuesday by the Library of Congress revealed. * ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Gig_Workers_Know_Best_How_to_Fix_the_Gig_Economy’s Failure⠀⇛ In recent months, stories of rideshare drivers and delivery workers carjacked, robbed, or even killed on the job have made headlines around the country. Now, growing research shows that there is an all-out, racialized safety crisis in app-based work. * ⚓ YLE ☛ Police_suspect_12_former_Avarn_Security_guards_of_violent_crimes, abuse_of_authority⠀⇛ The defendants in the case allegedly targeted people in weaker positions, including the intoxicated and defenceless, as well as members of various minority groups, police say. * ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Writers’_block:_Hollywood_strike_is_pulling_the_plug_on productions⠀⇛ Hollywood writers are on their first strike in 15 years to demand better pay and job security, now threatened by streaming services. Some scripted productions have paused, and with no resolution in sight, the situation is likely to drag on. * ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ OffG’s_Quick_Take:_AI_&_the_Writer’s_Strike⠀⇛ Yesterday evening the US union the Writers’ Guild of America went on strike. The most immediate impact of this is that all the late-night “comedy” talk shows – Colbert, Fallon, Kimmel, Meyers – have gone on hiatus. * ⚓ France24 ☛ How_Iranian_authorities_are_cracking_down_on_unveiled women⠀⇛ Iranian authorities have begun imposing fines and denying entry to public transport, airports and hospitals to women who refuse to wear the hijab. Police have closed cafés, restaurants and shopping malls where customers do not wear the Islamic hijab to force shop owners to make the headscarf compulsory for women. These are the latest efforts by religious authorities in Iran to try to enforce Islamic dress codes after months of protests brought them down. Iranian women, however, say this crackdown will not stop them from fighting for social freedoms. * ⚓ Breach Media ☛ As_mining_fight_escalates,_First_Nations_challenge Ontario’s_power⠀⇛ Treaty 9 nations are countering the province’s plans with a bold vision of shared land management § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Cooper_Davis_Act:_Another_Attempt_By_Congress_To_Regulate That_Which_They_Don’t_Understand⠀⇛ There are all sorts of anti-internet bills making the rounds lately, and one of the many on the docket and apparently set to move quickly is the Cooper Davis Act, which aims to create a mandatory reporting rule for websites where promotion of the sale of illegal drugs may occur. As with basically any law named after someone, the details of what happened to that individual are, in fact, tragic: * ⚓ Techdirt ☛ GAO_Would_Like_The_FCC_To_Explain_Why_It_Still_Maintains_A Pathetic,_Dated_Definition_Of_‘Broadband’⠀⇛ The US has always had a fairly pathetic definition of “broadband.” § Monopolies⠀➾ * § Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ High_Court_finds_prior_disclosures_in_Russia to_be_non-confidential_–_AutoStore_v_Ocado [Ed: EPO enabling patent bullies with bogus, worthless, invalid patents]⠀⇛ His Honour Judge Hacon handed down judgment in AutoStore v Ocado on 30 March 2023.  The case was atypical in that it had a split trial: the first part of the trial considered whether AutoStore’s patents (EP 794 and EP 027) were rendered invalid by prior disclosures made in Russia… o ⚓ European Commission ☛ Intellectual_property:_Commission_welcomes the_political_agreement_to_boost_the_protection_of_European_craft and_industrial_products_in_the_EU_and_beyond [Ed: Intellectual property as a term is a misleading propaganda term and a lie; meanwhile the EU turns its sight away from EPO crimes]⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 03 May 2023 The Commission welcomes the provisional political agreement reached by the European Parliament and Council on a new Regulation to protect the intellectual property for craft and industrial products that rely on the originality and authenticity of traditional skills from their regions. o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ The_Split_on_Pleading_Scienter_for Inequitable_Conduct⠀⇛ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) requires that fraud or mistake be pled with particularity. o ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ UPC_platform_to_practice_entry_into_force functionalities [Ed: UPC is illegal and this is UPC hijacking a blog to promote its illegal agenda, which will backfire badly on everyone, including the EU and the legitimacy of the patent system]⠀⇛ o ⚓ Countdown_to_the_Unified_Patent_Court,_Part_III:_Remedies [Ed: The Unified Patent Court (UPC) is both illegal and unconstitutional, so it's rather revealing it is being promoted by patent extremists at Watchtroll; what does that say about the political systems?]⠀⇛ o ⚓ New_Report_Reaffirms_Danger_Patent_Trolls_Pose_to_Manufacturers, Small_Businesses⠀⇛ People whose business models are threatened by strong post-grant review and improved patent quality continue to assert that non-practicing entities (NPEs) and the patent troll narrative is a myth or a fabrication of big tech companies. And yet, a new report by Hightech Solutions reaffirms what has long been known to be true [...] o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $2,000_for_Sotat_surveillance_patent_prior art⠀⇛ A new PATROLL contest, with a $2,000 cash prize, was added seeking prior art on at least claim 1 of U.S. Patent_9,854,207, owned by Sotat, LLC, an NPE. The ‘207 patent generally relates to a mobile device in communication with a server, where the server is adapted for receiving surveillance data that is transferred electronically from a surveillance area. The patent is currently being asserted against Resideo, Canary_Connect, Vivint, and Wyze_Labs. The contest will expire on June 30, 2023. Please visit PATROLL for more information and to submit an entry for this contest. * § Software Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ DigiMedia_Tech_video_patent_challenged⠀⇛ On April 27, 2023, Unified Patents filed an ex parte reexamination proceeding against U.S._Patent_6,744,818, owned by DigiMedia Tech, LLC, an NPE and an IP Investments_Group entity. The ‘818 patent relates generally to processing, encoding, and compressing frames of video images using visual perception and compression thresholds, and is relevant to our content zone. * § Trademarks⠀➾ o ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTABlog_Test:_Which_of_These_Three_Section_2(d) Refusals_Was/Were_Reversed?⠀⇛ So far this year, the percentage of Section 2(d) affirmances is lower than the historical average of about 90%. Here are three more refusals on appeal. At least one was reversed. How do you think these three cases came out? [Results in first comment]. * § Copyrights⠀➾ o ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ Open_Culture_Platform_Activity_Fund_Winners 2023⠀⇛ Ghana attained its independence in 1957, prior to that the country was colonized by a number of European countries like the Portuguese, Danish, British and others. o ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ New_UK_Cybersecurity_Campaign_Leads_Kids_Directly to_Pirate_Apps_&_Malware⠀⇛ The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) launched a new awareness campaign today hoping to educate kids on the risks of using the internet. The government’s decision to call the campaign “CyberFlix” is utterly bewildering. Not only does the campaign now share the same name as one of the most recognized movie piracy apps, but the first few pages of Google results only return piracy-related results, at least some of which lead to malware. o ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Z-Library_Defendants_Retain_U.S._Lawyers_But Questions_Remain⠀⇛ Z-Library proudly bills itself as “the world’s largest library.” The pirate site still flourishes today despite the fact that two Russians, who are allegedly connected to the site, were arrested in Argentina last year on behalf of the United States. The criminal case has yet to get started but there is some movement as both defendants are now represented by U.S. attorneys. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ TikTok_Is_Developing_Generative_AI Disclosure_System_for_Creators_—_Will_It_Help_Combat_Deepfakes?⠀⇛ As generative AI is taking the social media world by storm with song mashups, TikTok is looking to disclose content that has been AI-generated.  A new report from The Information suggests TikTok is internally working on a tool to allow content creators to disclose whether content was made using generative AI. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Ed_Sheeran_Puts_Musicologist_on_Blast_as Copyright_Counteroffensive_Continues⠀⇛ As the Marvin Gaye copyright infringement trial against Ed Sheeran’s “Thinking Out Loud” continues, Sheeran has some choice words about a musicologist who testified against him last week. Ed Sheeran is none too pleased with a musicologist who testified against him in the Marvin Gaye copyright infringement trial. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ ByteDance-Owned_Resso_Abruptly_Drops_Free Access_Tier⠀⇛ ByteDance pinned its hopes of creating a rival to Spotify or Apple Music with Resso, beginning in emerging markets. Now it’s cutting access to its free tier on May 11. The music streaming service launched in India, Brazil, and Indonesia as a way to get a foot in the door. o ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ The_Ether_Dreams_of_Fin-de-Siècle_Paris⠀⇛ Those who sipped or sniffed ether and chloroform in the 19th century experienced a range of effects from these repurposed anaesthetics, including preternatural mental clarity, psychological hauntings, and slippages of space and time. Mike Jay explores how the powerful solvents shaped the writings of Guy de Maupassant and Jean Lorrain — psychonauts who opened the door to an invisible dimension of mind and suffered Promethean consequences. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 8253 ➮ Generation completed at 02:43, i.e. 61 seconds to (re)generate ⟲