𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Friday, June 09, 2023 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sat 10 Jun 02:41:14 BST 2023 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmRej75aRh5cQjV4EkpTtNhGCL4Ea8gLTYE6afRU4AT8SA QmXJbVjMgJLV5E7dFhoZEBSRNCRpMoAYeiQ2x94WwVCAE3 QmZNHM6zwJz4HumZeNxKEckXrmY5Mn2R47Zf2ejRtHj763 QmdikaRip3RgsHbg5S4LuJvPizfJB7fh2rKp7uQ8dhxicC QmQu3g2B85BK7JwmQzcr2cd7XoDdiF92Gy9xcxqS6sf27G QmUA66kgebedAfGsk5HFXX1YCuCWp2J51StBuNVvAvFwwS QmYBPCcUR7ecniepZDK6iEaWqzEdVWvK9GovhnZadXHtW8 QmX2VFCGCawxbCCUo2h1FKvHmTmxLRFAdDLmVDjFaZoLpw QmZvsFGYejJBRSfHJCJnfiQSAYT7vSYedcFM42LEMExSWJ Qmb9Xu74tUcPjn3QGo5Fa3AwL3ztbkpEBnKFQZLo52iezG QmfRee4g2eUJ1bSuzF43wq39KNtfrFY8yoMStiZawbg6Yy QmSuhsieojQeGih3gkSZPmVjZEEXjEMkAfqPeayF5neUu4 Qmd7SnTCKdRk6z5fGiMR5m9PSXaMAqxaggGeXGRG7qpq2Z QmXgYbZi532xVNhDLj3CwBGXcgr7iwcqm9khzt2M5sKvZ9 QmUk6CTCzRFbbBrbBmQf52Utx7xRQyCr1Gw3bZdCzrwd3c QmeZtWf5QtxG29S1aPZtAVad8jYYKbyZyf1n5x1H3fatT2 QmVTV8EttepakgPQZr5g2pDVKEkHunL5aXJXVq1gvqueRD QmV8xUuDoNYH8QVuX741oRW2EBCXavnMq6CM952N8PvDxU Qmeen883ygmQMHbp93hmHemdGxVyMFxA4S53EVjPiTWthi QmVNZn5iUAX3aPAv7HkWkFu62pfUrdMpir2azRzEovePS6 QmPFUHRdtmHpE4Xv4jkqvqQNM1a6no5H9G1YEt2Gvzxec8 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ HMRC 3 Weeks Later: No Action, Same as ’Action Fraud’ (Your Tax Money ‘at Work’) | Techrights ⦿ Trying to ’Finish the Job’ of Bully de Blanc and Deb Nicholson by Rewriting History (and Even Terms) for Microsoft | Techrights ⦿ GNU/Linux Decade in India: From 1.5% to 13.5% | Techrights ⦿ HMRC is Just Taking Taxpayers’ Money and Not Enforcing the Law (or Selectively Enforcing It for the Political Masters) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Thursday, June 08, 2023 | Techrights ⦿ What Will Happen After All Major News Sites Die Isn’t Pretty | Techrights ⦿ Linux Foundation Demotes Mr. Linux, Linus Torvalds, to Third (in Salaries), Only Uses Him for the Name | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/complaint-to-hmrc-and-action-fraud-is-a-fraud/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/fossda-open-weights/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/gnu-linux-decade-in-india/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/hmrc-is-just-taking-taxpayers-money-and-not-enforcing-the-law-or-selectively-enforcing-it-for-the-political-masters/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/irc-log-080623/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/linux-com-and-opensource-com/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/torvalds-third-wheel/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/apple-cultists/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/jdbc-fdw-0-3-1/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/microsoft-says-files-cannot-be-reached/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/tor-browser-12-0-7/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 68 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/complaint-to-hmrc-and-action-fraud-is-a-fraud/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/complaint-to-hmrc-and-action-fraud-is-a-fraud/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ HMRC_3_Weeks_Later:_No_Action,_Same_as_‘Action_Fraud’_(Your_Tax_Money_‘at Work’)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Finance, Fraud, Free/Libre_Software at 12:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz HMRC several_weeks_later (crimes_pertaining_to_tax at Sirius_‘Open_Source’ went on since at least 12 years ago). No response, no action, double standards: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇My_dad's_tax_office_helps_fund_our_protection_while_we provoke_people;_Seriously?⦈_ If they cannot be bothered to investigate and they won’t be punishing government-linked financial criminals for their financial crimes, then what good are they and what are we funding with our tax money anyway? Summary: When people need police enforcement against a crime it turns out that police is “MIA” (missing in action); it might matter that Sirius worked with the British government, so there’s a reduced incentive to affirm crimes were committed and then arrest the perpetrators ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠰⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣀⠹⠿⠯⠁⠶⣀⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠈⠉⠻⢿⣿⣭⡁⠙⠁⠀⢸⣿⡿⠄⢶⣶⣴⡎⠁⠀⣷⢬⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣀⠀⢀⣰⠃⠈⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⡶⡤⠀⠀⠸⠟⠋⣠⡄⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⡴⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⣀⢀⡛⠁⠀⠙⠀⣽⡿⢤⡄⢠⣰⣶⣤⡄⢿⣿⠃⡈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡷⠠⢿⣷⣄⣄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢃⣬⠛⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢠⣌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⣀⣶⣴⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠘⠻⠷⠀⠀⣠⣴⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⢲⣤⣠⣴⡆⢀⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⠙⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⡿⠄⠀⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠀⢠⣀⡷⣆⠀⢀⣿⣿⣧⣴⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠄⡀⠀⠀⢠⢤⡄⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⠟⠛⡻⠿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣴⣦⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣦⣠⣤⠀⠀⢀⣄⣸⣿⣿⣦⠀⢀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠐⠒⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢡⠾⣷⡀⣴⡆⠀⠀⡹⣿⠏ ⡗⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣰⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣦⡈⢿⣿⣯⡉⠀⢀⣤⣤⣀⣰⣄⣤⣿⣿⠋⢉⠀⢠⠀⡀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣶⣦⣄⣄⠀⣴⡿⠂⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⣺⣿⣠ ⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣈⣿⠻⠻⠷⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢋⣹⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢸⠀⠠⠈⠁⠙⢿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣦⣿⣷⣶⣶⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢒⣻⣿⣟ ⠿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⣾⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⠿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣆⡀⠘⠋⠛⢿⣿⠻⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⠯⠰⢾⣧⣴⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣯ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⠿⣇⢸⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠊⠉⠁⠴⣷⠀⢀⠙⠇⠘⠏⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠍⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⡿⣿⣿⢿⣻⡀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠿⢿⣿⣽⣷ ⣄⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣾⣷⠻⣿⡿⡉⠿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⡴⢇⠐⠻⠟⢀⡈⠙⢿⣿⡙⣿⣭⠀⠀⢦⣉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣨⣉⣬⣿⣧⣶⣶⠰⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⡀⣘⡠⠄⠀⠀⣽⣵⣛⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⢿⣏⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣾⣩⣽⣇⠈⠛⢿⣭⡿⣷⣧⣤⡀⠀⡀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⡌⣙⠛⠋⣽⣿⠷⢶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠛⠀⠀⠀⠻⢏⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⠖⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣽⣿⡇⢰⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣿⣿⢫⣭⣄⣽⣿⢿⡏⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣷⡿⠛⠛ ⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠂⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠘⠛⠳⠀⠻⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠿⣏⣙⣫⣿⣿⣿⠏⠙⠿⠶⠿⠪⠻⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⢠⣾⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠓⣰⡿⠀⠀⣤⣬⣵⣾⡿⠋⠁⠊⡉⠛⠃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠠⣤⣶⣤⣶⣄⣠⣶⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⡝⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣦⢀⣿⡖⠀⣼⡏⠀⢀⣸⠛⢻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡏⠘⢳⣜⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡟⠿⣣⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡾⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣆⡞⢡⠁⠀⠀⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣫⡥⠜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣛⠀⣤⣦⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⢿⡇⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣟⡿⠇⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣤⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣶⠀⠀⠙⣿⣼⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠾⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡿⡿⠿⠋⠛⠉⢡⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢠⠘⢿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠟⠃⠀⠀⢀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⠋⠉⢀⢺⣿⣾⣛⣩⠤⠴⠒⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣟⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢼⢿⡷⠟⠋⢀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⡄⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠣⠀⠀⣀⣠⡤⠶⠒⠋⠉⠻⠛⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⢃⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⢯⠻⣿⡄⠈⠃⣠⣤⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⠀⡀⢀⡠⢄⠤⠄⠄⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⢀⡉⢉⠩⠐⠒⢀⣽⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡟⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡬⠎⠃⠘⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢐⣒⢑⡺⢥⠭⠀⠥⠀⠅⠄⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣄⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤ ⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣄⣤⡄⠀⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⣤⢡⡄⣴⢶⣄⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣬⣹⡏⡿⣡⡶⣦⡉⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⡶⣦⢠⣤⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠇⠀⢻⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⢰⡆⣿⡇⣿⢰⣿⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⠈⡁⢿⣮⣍⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⡟⣿⠀⣿⣿⡁⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣦⢸⣿⡄⣿⡇⣿⡇⠛⢸⣿⣤⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⠀⣿⠟⡽⠒⠀⠀⣿⢸⡏⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢿⡇⣿⣧⣿⠀⠀⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡷⣿⣶⣿⢻⣇⣇⢿⣇⣿⠇⣿⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⣤⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣉⡁ ⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢖⣒⡲⣾⡶⠒⠻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠓⠩⠷⠶⣒⡺⠶⠶⠿⠶⠶⠶⠿⢶⣒⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⣟⡻⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿ ⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠛⣿⡇⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⣿⠿⣸⢸⣿⠛⣽⡇⣿⡇⣿⣇⣿⢸⣿⢻⣧⠀⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⢻⣧⣾⡏⣿⡞⢻⣿⠃⣿⡟⢳⣿⢹⣷⠛⣿⡟⢸⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⣇⣿⢸⣿ ⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⠛⣿⡇⢸⣿⠛⠃⣬⡿⣷⠘⢸⣿⠛⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⠀⢸⣿⢛⢹⣿⢻⣧⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⡟⢸⣿⢠⣤⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿ ⠘⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⡀⠛⠿⠛⠰⠘⠛⠀⠘⠻⠟⠁⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠛⠃⠀⠘⠻⠟⠁⠛⠿⠛⠘⠛⠘⠃⠀⠘⠛⣸⣜⣛⣘⣛⣘⡳⢟⣡⣘⣛⣀⣛⣛⣋⣛⠾⣋⣄⣛⣣⣘⣛⣘⡻⣟⣁⣛⣘⣛⣸⣿ ⠀⠀⡟⢡⣄⣤⣤⢠⡄⣤⣤⣤⢡⣭⢡⣤⠀⣤⣬⡜⠡⣤⢠⣤⣀⣤⢠⣤⣤⠀⢠⣤⣤⣡⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⣠⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⣬⡉⣭⣍⣭⢩⣭⣭⢻⢩⣭⣭⣩⣭⣭⢉⣭⣭⡍⣭⣭⣭⢩⣭⠛⣭⣭⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⡀⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣼⡇⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣼⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣤⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣉⠘⣿⡿⢿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣄⣿⣧⡄⠆⢿⣿⢿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣤⠀⢸⣿⠁⢸⣿⢸⣷⢿⣇⣿⠇⣿⣿⡏⢸⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣤⠻⢸⣿⢡⢸⣿⣤⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡏⣥⢸⣿⡄⣿⣧⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣥⣌⠍⢤⠉⠉⠉⣈⣉⠈⠉⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣬⣭⣤⣩⣥⣬⣭⣭⣾⣮⢉⠀⠈⠉⢨⣍⠀⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠀⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠼⢬⣭⣾⣮⣭⣭⣴⣭⣭⣴⣭⣵⣿⣮⣭⣥⣭⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢍⡩⠉⠉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣉⣩⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⠉⢉⠛⠿⢛⠟⢛⣿⣉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⣉⠙⠛⠉⠉⢩⡉⠉⠉⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡶⠀⠉⠀⣾⣿⣿⣄⡉⠉⢹⣤⣤⡄⢼⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠷⠀⡀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠦⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⢀⡀ ⣿⣿⣟⢠⡤⠀⠀⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⣈⣹⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⣰⣦⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠰⠶⠈⠱ ⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣤⣬⣅⡀⠀⣤⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⣿⣧⡰⠂⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣰⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣧⣼⡿⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣀⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⢦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⣿⡿⢿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣺⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣭⣉⡛⠟⣿⡿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⢿⡦⠸⣿⣿⠙⠛⠳⠿⠺⡆⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡙⠿⠿⢭⠋⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣦⣿⠀⠀⠘⠲⠶⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣾⣆⡀⢀⣽⣄⠂⠀⢠⣧⣄⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣹⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢁⡼⠛⠿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣄⠀⢈⣿⠿⣦⠀⢹⣿⡏⣿⣿⣼⣿⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⡏⣠⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⡀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢹⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⠿⠿⢯⣴⣿⠇⠛⣿⣿⡟⠀⠸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢠⣾⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣉⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣧⢠⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⢿⠋⠁⠀⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⡟⠁⠀⣠⣤⡀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣦⣄⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢀⣤⣀⣯⣄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢿⣜⡃⣿⣏⢹⣿⣿⣆⣿⢰⡾⣷⣄⣶⢰⡆⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⣀⢈⣉⢛⣛⠿⣷⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠰⠶⣿⡇⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⣀⡸⣷⣽⣇⣿⣉⣸⡏⣿⢸⣿⣸⡇⣿⢹⣿⣾⡇⠻⣮⡁⣿⡇⢿⣾⠃⠻⢹⡇⠹⣿⣷⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣭⣭⡭⠅⠙⠘⠛⠘⠻⠛⠘⠿⠿⠛⢿⣼⢇⣿⣤⢸⡇⢘⣿⢻⣣⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⢠⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣮⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢤⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣴⣿⣟⣼⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠌⠽⠿⠿⠋⠀⢠⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 161 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/fossda-open-weights/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/fossda-open-weights/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Trying_to_‘Finish_the_Job’_of_Bully_de_Blanc_and_Deb_Nicholson_by_Rewriting History_(and_Even_Terms)_for_Microsoft⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, GPL, OSI at 10:10 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Two years ago: GNOME_Foundation_and_OSI_Move_on_to_‘Extend’_Phase_Against_the Free_Software_Definition_(or_Against_Software_Freedom) Yesterday: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Toward_an_Open_Weights_Definition⦈_ In the past: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Some_open_source_advocates_are_still_anti-Microsoft⦈_ “If they’re not anti-Microsoft,” an associate noted, “they’ve not opened their eyes and have actively tuned out what’s going on in the world around them.” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Extortion_racket;_pay_us,_or_get_sued⦈_ Summary: Heather J. Meeker is trying to rewrite history and now we can see who her financial masters and hosts are (lots of Microsoft); The media portrayed her as some kind of historian* for Free software a few months ago (as funding had been secured), but she already outsources everything to proprietary software controlled by Microsoft. This will be corporate revisionism; moreover, there’s employment history with Microsoft. As an associate put it: “The employment history with Microsoft is a dead give away that she will only spew lies and disinformation” (using books and such; the revisionism is well funded); the latest blog from the OSI is also sponsored by Microsoft (both the blog post and the_person_who_wrote_it) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇OSI_Microsoft_stuff:_Vidal_sponsored_by_Microsoft⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇AI_spam_by_OSI:_Vidal_sponsored_by_Microsoft⦈_ Vidal is sponsored_by_Microsoft. He’s promoting their chatbots, which aren’t even “AI” and are purely proprietary. That also_ushers_in_GPL_violations. Years ago OSI became a Microsoft-funded think tank for Microsoft or a propaganda arm of Microsoft. Most of the OSI’s money comes from Microsoft. _______ * Earlier this year: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Apache_and_Mozilla_Sponsor_Organization_to_Collect_FOSS_Oral History⦈_ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠉⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠾⠷⡇⠿⠇⡇⢰⡇⢸⡇⠈⠁⡀⢸⣷⢸⠀⠿⠤⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⠛⡻⣟⡟⣿⣿⡿⡟⠛⣻⢿⢿⢿⢛⢻⢻⣿⣿⣻⢛⢿⢿⣿⣛⠛⣿⣿⠟⢛⢻⣻⡟⡻⡿⡟⡻⢻⣟⡛⠟⡿⣻⣿⣟⠛⠻⣛⣻⣿⣟⢻⢻⢻⣿⠛⣿⣿⣛⣟⣟⣿⢻⢿⠛⠛⣿⠻⡻⣟⣛⡛⡻⢻⢻⠛⢟⢛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣮⣷⣬⣦⣿⣴⣽⣽⣶⣥⣽⣷⣮⣦⣧⣮⣧⣿⣾⣤⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣉⣡⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣌⡉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡆⡎⡭⡽⡽⡍⠙⢩⢩⢽⡏⡙⢩⣽⠀⠶⢹⠭⠉⡉⣯⣽⣷⢋⡙⡌⡙⢘⠭⡇⣭⡯⡏⢹⡇⠀⡉⡉⢠⢸⣭⡇⡭⣿⠭⠉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠷⣤⣌⣉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠛⠛⠋⣉⣡⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣛⡿⣿⠏⢠⣖⢒⢛⢻⢛⠿⠿⠓⠶⢢⠈⣻⢿⠿⢿⣷⣶⣶⠶⡶⠶⠶⠲⢶⣾⣿⡿⣿⠿⠛⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠟⠟⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠷⣾⣶⣶⣦⣄⣁⠀⡈⠁⠁⣀⣀⣁⣤⣴⣿⣶⡶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⡷⠾⠗⢃⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⡾⠷⣶⣷⣾⢶⡶⡶⣶⣷⣷⡶⠶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣌⣉⡉⠛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣦⣮⣽⣭⣥⣿⣷⣤⣾⣭⣼⣴⣼⣴⣭⣽⣭⣤⣤⣮⣽⣵⣭⣿⣭⣭⣭⣬⣷⣤⣵⣄⣉⠁⠈⠋⠋⠁⠂⢋⣙⣈⣋⣙⣉⣙⣊⣐⣉⣙⣑⣀⣐⣉⣂⣐⣀⣀⣀⣁⣙⣑⣐⣉⡉⠉⠉⠋⠛⠛⠛⣉⣡⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢝⠝⠛⠛⡿⢻⠉⠛⢻⡭⠹⠩⠍⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⡤⣉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣵⣷⣥⣧⣴⣤⣤⣤⣽⣷⣴⣾⣤⣤⣼⣷⣥⣦⣤⣤⣦⣷⣤⣧⣤⣤⣦⣥⣄⣼⣤⣼⣼⣧⣤⣤⣤⣥⣧⣤⣤⣤⣧⣄⡘⠚⠥⠠⠴⣾⣧⣤⣤⣠⠤⠤⠷⠇⠀⣠⣤⣤⣥⣅⣾⣦⣬⣤⣥⣦⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣈⣉⣍⣽⣉⣭⣯⣍⣉⣩⣭⣅⣉⣏⣫⣯⣍⣎⣸⣉⣸⢩⣽⣯⣎⣉⣩⡮⣽⣉⣭⣩⣿⣩⣫⣿⣍⣉⣉⣿⣭⣍⣩⣃⣉⣀⣀⣤⣀⣤⣤⣀⣤⣀⣀⣄⣈⣍⣭⣽⣯⣉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣹⣯⣿⣍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠻⡻⠛⠋⠛⣻⣝⢻⠛⠛⠙⢛⠛⢻⣏⠛⣻⢻⣟⡻⣛⢻⣿⡛⠛⢻⣛⡛⣿⣻⣛⠛⡟⣟⡟⢿⠟⡟⣻⣿⡻⡛⠛⢛⡟⡛⢻⢛⠻⣛⡛⠛⡛⡻⣛⣻⢻⣻⢻⡛⣻⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⣟⡟⢋⡟⢟⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢿⡾⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠷⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⡾⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⠾⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⡷⢿⠿⢷⡷⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣶⣵⣷⣶⣮⣧⣶⣶⣮⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣷⣽⣴⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⢋⣉⣉⣉⣀⣤⣤⣈⣉⣉⣉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣍⡛⣻⠟⢛⢛⢹⠛⡟⣻⠻⢛⠙⠛⡻⡿⡁⠰⠯⡙⠛⡻⢿⠛⡙⠙⠋⠋⢛⡿⠿⠳⠀⠟⡻⡻⡛⠛⠙⠟⡛⡏⠙⢛⡿⠿⠟⢿⢿⢻⠛⠛⠙⠛⡛⣟⡋⡏⣫⠍⣍⠛⢻⠻⢿⢿⡿⢿⢟⠫⠋⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠻⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⡟⢿⢿⣿⢿⠟⠗⠦⢠⠤⠉⢉⠉⠉⡉⣉⠉⠁⣤⡤⠶⢿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢻⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣟⡛⠟⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⡷⡷⠒⡈⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣈⡐⢲⡷⣶⡷⢶⣿⣶⡶⣿⣷⡶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⢾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⡾⣶⣶⣾⣾⢷⣾⣶⣶⡾⣶⢷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣬⣮⣬⣽⣯⣵⣼⣤⣤⣥⣤⡈⠀⠽⠮⢤⣤⣭⣽⣭⠭⠯⠌⠋⣠⣭⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣥⣼⣤⣤⣴⣵⣬⣧⣽⣽⣴⣤⣤⣭⣬⣥⣤⣧⣽⣥⣤⣤⣭⣧⣥⣤⣴⣥⣥⣽⣬⣭⣽⣽⣴⣽⣭⣤⣴⣬⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣈⣉⣙⣋⣍⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⢋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⡻⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⡻⠿⠻⠿⡿⢿⠟⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⢻⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠋⡴⡶⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡷⠦⠈⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⢶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⡾⣿⣷⣦⣁⠛⠶⠿⠿⣷⣶⣶⠼⠿⠾⠛⢀⣴⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣦⣶⣿⣾⣶⣾⣮⣷⣶⣶⢿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣠⣴⣦⣤⣤⣭⣷⣯⣷⣾⣴⣼⣴⣗⣷⣦⣬⣧⣴⣧⣼⣬⣴⣶⣶⣷⣤⣧⣴⣧⣵⣧⣾⣶⣖⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣼⣴⣤⣴⣮⣤⣤⣀⣇⣴⣦⣤⣴⣸⣵⣤⣧⣧⣧⣤⣴⣷⣾⣶⣤⣽⣴⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣈⣉⣉⣙⣏⣫⣋⣉⣽⣏⣭⣽⣭⣉⢉⣉⣭⣉⣭⣹⣍⡍⣩⣉⡹⣇⣉⣉⣯⣩⣏⢍⣏⣩⣿⣏⣉⣈⣉⣏⣩⣝⣽⣍⣽⣥⡋⣍⣭⣽⣋⣉⣹⣯⣝⣉⣯⣯⣉⣧⣝⣭⣉⣋⣫⣯⣭⣉⣉⣩⣏⣿⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠻⡛⢻⠛⣛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣻⠻⢻⠛⢻⡻⡻⠛⣛⡛⠛⠟⣿⢻⣻⣻⣟⢛⠻⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢿⣛⣻⣛⣟⣟⣿⢟⠛⠻⠛⡿⠛⡟⡟⡛⠟⠛⠛⡛⣿⠟⢛⡛⢿⣛⣻⣛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⡛⣛⣟⠛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢶⡿⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢾⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠾⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠷⢾⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣾⠿⡿⢿⢷⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣴⣾⣿⣾⣦⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣵⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣿⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣧⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣷⣵⣥⣶⣾⣼⣮⣤⣷⣦⣥⣴⣮⣶⣮⣦⣮⣼⣼⣮⣾⣥⣼⣦⣵⣼⣿⣾⣮⣥⣥⣴⣎⣚⣧⣥⣷⣿⣶⣽⣮⣴⣦⣴⣶⣮⣴⣥⣧⣤⣧⣧⣬⣿⣬⣲⣧⣤⣧⣦⣤⣷⣤⣶⣵⣬⣬⣼⣤⣽⣬⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣹⣝⣻⣹⣍⣯⣯⣟⣭⣽⣹⣟⣽⣙⣝⣿⣹⡝⣿⣭⣭⣿⣯⣭⣭⣯⡯⣟⣛⣯⣉⣽⡝⣿⣭⣯⣭⣭⣯⣋⣩⣿⣏⣛⣯⣫⣏⣋⢿⣉⣛⣻⣯⣯⣽⣍⣛⣹⣽⣽⣽⣯⣟⣙⣽⣽⣽⣽⣍⣻⣹⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣉⣉⣁⣤⣤⣤⣤⣉⣉⡙⠛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣃⣊⣉⣿⣏⣉⣹⣙⡹⣓⣋⣉⣁⣟⣈⣉⣙⣹⣉⣩⣉⣋⣙⣉⣁⣐⡉⠙⠋⠁⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣁⣉⢉⣉⣉⡉⠋⠉⠛⠹⣉⣉⣉⣏⣈⣑⣋⣛⣃⣉⣙⣙⣏⡀⠋⠪⢐⣸⣗⣊⡉⣙⣋⠛⠿⠃⣸⣿⣿ ⣿⣛⡛⡯⠛⢛⡛⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠏⠛⠻⡟⢛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⣻⠟⠁⣄⠔⠛⠻⢻⡏⡟⡛⢛⠟⢻⠙⠋⠉⠛⠉⣛⢛⡟⡟⠂⠀⠀⠙⢻⠙⢻⠋⠿⢻⢛⢛⠛⠛⡛⢿⡗⠒⠂⡄⢀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣾⢻⣿⢿⠿⠿⡟⠦⢄⡀⠒⠒⠒⠲⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠲⠖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠞⠛⠛⢋⣁⠤⢾⢿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠾⢿⠿⠛⠿⠿⡿⠿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⡾⢶⡿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣦⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣠⣤⣤⣠⣴⣤⣴⣼⣤⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣛⠟⢿⡻⢻⡻⠛⡛⣟⣛⣟⣛⣛⣻⠟⡟⠛⢟⢛⣟⢻⣻⣻⡟⠛⠻⢻⢟⣿⡻⢻⠟⠻⢛⢻⠟⠛⠻⣻⣟⣻⣻⡻⢻⠟⠛⠻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⡛⡿⡛⠛⠟⣿⠻⠛⠛⢛⠻⡟⢟⢛⡻⠛⢟⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⢾⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢈⡤⠶⡾⠿⢿⡿⠿⠶⡦⡌⠻⡷⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⡈⠺⢶⣷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⠷⠃⣰⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣈⣩⣿⣮⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣟⣯⣭⣗⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣄⣉⣁⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⠛⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢡⡖⠿⣟⡛⢛⣿⡿⠿⢿⢷⠄⢻⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠟⡿⠿⣿⠻⣿⠻⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡟⠿⣿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠿⣻⡟⠿⢿⡿⠟⡻⠟⢻⠿⠿⡟⡻⠿⠿⡿⢿⢟⢟⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⡈⠲⢶⣷⡶⣶⠿⣿⠷⠿⠖⢃⣼⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⡿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣽⣴⣤⣤⣲⣤⣬⣼⣯⣤⣤⣯⣴⣥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⣀⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠋⠉⠛⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠛⠛⠋⠉⠛⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⡟⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠙⠛⠉⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣏⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠰⠶⠶⠶⠆⠰⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠿⠶⠆⠸⠿⠿⠉⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠻⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠛⠻⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⡶⠶⠶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⡶⠶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⡶⠶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣉⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⡭⣉⣉⣯⣽⣯⣟⣏⣏⣉⣏⣩⣭⣭⣍⣉⣹⣉⣹⣽⣽⣙⢙⣩⣽⣍⣉⣉⣋⣹⣯⣽⣋⣉⣙⣹⣉⡘⠹⣉⣹⣹⣹⣽⣍⣯⣽⣽⣿⣿⠿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣈⣉⣉⡉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣁⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣿⣦⠆⣁⣤⣦⣤⣥⣧⣦⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⡁⢭⣦⣧⣤⣮⣴⣬⣯⣿⣴⣥⣼⣽⣬⣽⣷⣦⣭⣽⣽⣯⣥⣼⣼⣴⣵⣤⣮⣭⣮⣶⣷⣶⣏⣉⣀⣙⣉⣙⣙⣉⣁⣺⣽⣽⣭⣦⣶⣿⣭⣿⣴⣤⣤⣯⣽⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣩⣹⣫⡀⠉⣉⣗⣀⣐⣅⣋⣩⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣉⣉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⣉⣡⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣉⣉⣉⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣉⣉⣉⣉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡛⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡟⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠤⠴⣶⡺⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠟⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡻⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣟⡻⠿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⠙⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣦⣶⣦⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⡐⠓⠻⠤⠥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣬⣭⣤⣤⣬⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠿⠿⠛⠋⣉⣴⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠇⠸⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢰⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⢰⣿⡇⣴⣿⢑⣿⣿⣊⣿⢰⣿⣷⢸⡇⢸⣿⣧⣙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣛⣫⣽⣄⣛⣫⣸⣿⣸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣦⣙⣛⣽⣿⣸⣿⣿⣸⣷⣘⣻⣯⣛⣃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣺⣽⣷⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⣿⣟⣻⣟⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣻⣷⣿⣗⣿⡷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣯⣷⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣽⣿⣽ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣶⣶⡇⣿⡇⡇⣵⡇⣷⣏⣶⣎⡇⣷⡆⣷⢰⣿⣐⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣵⣷⣭⣦⣧⣿⣧⣿⣷⣭⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣮⣿⣯⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣒⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣫⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⣫⣵⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⢟⣫⣭⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣶⣶⣶⣤⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢰⣶⢉⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⢿⢿⡿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣟⢹⣿⣿⡇⢰⡆⣹⢿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣟⢹⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣦⡻⣿⠸⣷⣾⠸⣿⣿⠸⣷⣾⠰⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢰⣿⣯⢸⡿⢸⣧⡝⣿⢸⣿⣬⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⢘⣭⣫⣿⣾⣹⣝⣅⣯⣩⣝⣾⣿⣺⢻⣿⣟⣾⣿⣻⣸⣝⣽⣹⣓⣷⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠔⠀⠐⠀⢀⠀⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠤⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠓⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠊⠀⠀⠁⠐⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣶⣀⣀⣾⣆⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣼⡿⢻⣧⣀⣿⡏⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⣛⠻⣿⡏⠿⠇⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢇⠀⣠⠶⠖⠋⠙⠿⠁⠘⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠰⠆⠉⠃⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⢀⠤⡒⠀⡒⢠⠔⠂⢀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣾⣻⢻⢟⣟⣿⣿⠣⢻⣷⣿⣿⡛⣻⢻⣻⣛⡟⣟⡟⣿⢻⢻⣿⢟⣟⡟⣟⣻⣻⢟⣟⡟⣟⣿⣟⡟⣟⢻⣻⣟⣟⣿⣿⢻⠿⢿⣟⣟⣿⢿⢿⣿⢫⣾⣮⢻⢻⡿⡟⣟⣟⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣼⣮⣯⣿⣯⣿⣮⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⣯⣯⣿⣼⣵⣼⣧⣧⣧⣿⣿⣽⣮⣿⣯⣿⣿⣧⣧⣿⣽⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⢮⣿⣿⣷⣽⣷⣿⢸⣷⣧⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣽⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⣸⣸⣇⣇⣿⣸⣸⣿⣻⣿⣲⣾⣿⣿⣇⣿⣸⣻⣻⣇⣿⣸⣔⣶⣇⣿⣪⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣝⣰⣾⣲⣸⣾⣀⣷⣗⡇⣿⣨⣇⣷⣗⣆⣞⣞⣆⣇⣬⣱⣺⣸⣺⣠⣸⣗⣖⣇⣏⣵⣆⣿⣴⣇⣎⣵⣆⣰⣿⣸⣨⣶⢸⣗⣖⣵⣮⣰⣺⣠⣹⣇⣆⣷⣆⣧⣺⣗⣆⣿⣜⣞⣗⣆⣏⣹⣰⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡭⣏⣙⢋⣹⣩⢻⡟⡭⣿⠘⡝⣉⡟⢯⣿⣭⢸⣽⣟⢯⢋⢹⣹⣯⡝⣭⡏⣿⣿⢩⢻⣭⠛⣭⣟⢯⢫⢽⢸⠘⣭⡋⡍⣿⢸⣭⢻⡟⠜⣯⡇⡇⢩⢸⣭⡇⣫⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⢿⢻⢿⢿⡟⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⡟⡟⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢻⡟⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣼⣬⣽⣧⣼⣭⣸⣭⣧⣿⣯⣽⣮⣽⣿⣿⣾⣬⣽⣥⣯⣽⣮⣽⣼⣬⣽⣿⣷⣭⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣧⣥⣷⣼⣮⣽⣗⣭⣧⣭⣧⣧⣧⣮⣽⣼⣮⣽⣭⣼⣷⣵⣭⣏⣅⣯⣽⣯⣿⣿⣬⣽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣼⣀⣷⣗⣗⣽⣺⣿⣶⣃⣿⣞⣞⣗⣇⣗⣸⣇⣗⣗⣸⣸⣺⣸⣺⣸⣇⣪⣂⣷⣇⣗⣗⣇⣿⣺⣸⣂⣿⣽⣺⣿⣸⣇⣗⣿⣺⣸⣿⣯⣗⣿⣕⣇⣽⣺⣝⣆⣗⣿⣸⣺⣺⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡏⣯⡟⣫⡅⣿⢽⢹⢽⢨⢟⡯⡏⣯⡟⢻⢽⢉⣻⣯⡟⣫⢽⡹⡝⡋⣿⣿⢽⢙⣛⡯⣏⡏⣯⣽⢙⣭⢉⡿⡏⡋⣏⢽⣿⢸⢹⢻⢽⢹⢹⢹⡇⣽⡟⡭⡇⡏⡿⡏⡯⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⣛⠛⣛⣟⡛⣿⡟⢟⣻⢟⣻⠟⢻⡏⢝⣟⣟⡻⢟⣻⠛⠿⣻⢟⡏⣟⡻⢟⣻⣿⣻⣛⢿⡿⡹⣟⡏⡟⣛⢻⣛⡏⢟⡛⢹⡏⣻⠹⠛⣿⡟⣟⣟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣗⣃⣷⣷⣾⣿⣞⣺⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣞⣻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡟⣿⠿⣿⡿⢻⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡟⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢻⣿⡿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣧⣦⣿⣯⣮⣧⣿⣧⣧⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣼⣿⣤⣿⣧⣧⣿⣼⣼⣶⣾⣿⣧⣦⣿⣧⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣤⠿⣸⣿⣿⣧⣿⣼⣿⣴⣼⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢏⢾⣏⢎⣯⣏⡎⣿⣱⢹⠷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⣻⢿⣻⣿⢯⢿⣿⣿⡿⡻⣟⡟⣟⣟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣿⢿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣻⢸⣿⠿⠿⡇⡟⡟⣟⣿⣯⣿⣽⣻⡿⢟⣻⢻⣻⣿⣹⢽⣻⣿⢻⢻⢛⣟⣿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣟⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣓⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣚⣛⣓⣛⣛⣺⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣟⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡟⡏⣯⣿⣛⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠏⠜⣿⢩⡍⡏⠍⡟⣭⣹⢨⡝⡏⠍⣿⣿⠭⢹⢹⡍⡟⣭⢸⣿⣧⠸⢣⢸⢫⡍⣏⢍⣯⢹⢸⡇⣯⠭⢻⣿⣜⠳⡍⣭⢹⢩⡝⡍⣭⢹⡩⢹⢩⡝⡏⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣼⣧⣼⠨⣵⣧⣥⣵⣬⣭⣼⣥⣧⣭⣿⣧⣭⣼⣬⣧⣵⣭⣬⣿⣭⣧⣯⣼⣮⣥⣧⣬⣯⣼⣬⣧⣧⣭⣼⣿⣬⣵⡇⢭⣾⣬⣵⣧⣿⣼⣬⣼⣬⣵⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡍⣽⢩⢩⡯⡍⡏⣭⢹⡍⣏⢍⡯⠭⢫⢨⡏⢹⢩⡝⡍⣭⢹⣿⠀⡝⣩⡙⣿⡃⣿⣾⢫⡍⡇⣿⢸⠫⠍⡏⣍⡇⣭⣿⡇⣛⡎⢼⣷⢸⣜⠳⣇⡛⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡍⣽⠩⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣮⣭⣾⣥⣟⠬⢝⣬⣥⣧⣽⣬⣥⣧⣬⣧⣽⣼⣬⣥⣼⣬⣵⣧⣿⣼⣿⣦⣵⣬⣴⣿⣷⣭⣽⣮⣥⣧⣽⣬⣦⣭⣧⣭⣷⣭⣿⣥⣽⣿⣮⣥⣾⣬⣵⣧⣭⣾⣿⣮⣭⣾⣥⣷⣬⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢘⣛⢸⡍⣏⠍⡅⣽⢫⡍⡏⣩⡍⡏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣯⣬⣥⣧⣥⣧⣽⣮⣵⣧⣽⡿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⢿⡿⠻⢻⢻⣟⡿⡿⢻⠿⠿⡿⣛⣿⡟⡿⠟⣻⠿⠻⢻⢿⠿⡿⣛⠿⣿⡟⠻⢻⢟⠿⠟⡿⡻⡿⢿⠿⢻⢿⢿⣟⢿⣟⠿⢻⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠋⡛⢻⣝⣏⠙⢛⡟⠛⣛⠛⡛⠿⢯⠛⠛⢻⢻⣙⡛⢹⠻⡿⢿⡛⠋⢛⠋⡏⠿⢿⡿⣿⢛⢛⡟⠻⢿⡝⢛⣿⠛⣻⠛⢿⡿⣽⣙⢹⣉⢭⢻⠛⠛⢛⡛⣛⣛⢛⠛⠹⢿⢻⢿⡛⠛⠙⡿⡟⠛⠛⠿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠾⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣽⣷⣶⣯⣽⣀⣼⣦⣦⣠⣧⣷⣤⣤⣦⣼⣴⣼⣭⣬⣾⣯⣽⣿⣦⣤⣤⣽⣽⣬⣽⣿⣤⣬⣽⣼⣼⣬⣩⣼⣽⣿⣥⣤⣽⣦⣷⣿⣽⣤⣼⣾⣾⣤⣴⣵⣤⣼⣐⣿⣭⣷⣤⣍⣩⣿⣿⣤⣿⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⣏⠛⣻⣛⡛⠛⠛⢿⡟⡿⣏⡛⠋⡿⡿⡿⡛⠙⣻⡋⢿⢛⠻⣿⡻⡙⠛⠛⡟⠛⠿⢯⣿⡛⠙⡿⣛⣯⡻⢿⡟⣿⡛⢛⡟⠻⡟⠋⢻⡻⢿⢏⢛⣯⣛⠻⠛⡛⡿⡟⠻⣿⣟⡝⡛⣟⡟⢿⣛⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣼⣼⣷⣼⣭⣿⣦⣦⣤⣜⣽⣤⣴⣤⣄⣸⣬⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⡿⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠻⢿⣾⣇⠀⣸⣷⠀⣦⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣷⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠡⡐⠛⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠟⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⢛⠀⠐⠒⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⣻⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠄⣾⡌⠤⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠨⢿⡀⠀⠠⣤⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⠀⠀⠀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠠⣄⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣬⣭⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⠑⠠⣾⣿⡧⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡎⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢩⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣤⣤⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣭⡣⡂⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⣉⣉⡓⠮⡁⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣤⣼⡿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠠⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣴⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠙⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣷⣍⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⠿⠿⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⠀⠀⣤⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣐⣲⣿⣿⠀⠦⠀⠀⣿⠇⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠿⢿⣷⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠛⠻⣿⡿⠿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠘⠀⠀⠈⠋⢂⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠀⠀⢠⣿⡁⢈⣓⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣿⡿⠿⠛⠀⠀⢈⣟⣻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠢⠤⢸⢾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣤⡤⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠰⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⣿⢋⣁⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠉⠁⠠⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣻⣿⢮⣻⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣭⣶⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⡆⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⢿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠟⠻⠿⠃⠾⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣿⣙⣯⣽⣏⣩⣻⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣻⣷⣠⣂⣾⣴⣤⣤⣿⣦⣾⣰⣺⣺⣲⣀⣐⣰⣿⣿⣻⣪⣪⣇⣧⣢⣖⣖⣟⣧⣖⣄⣸⣐⣷⣤⣔⣥⣗⣇⣴⣗⣠⣢⣾⣇⣧⣮⣺⣺⣂⣧⣕⣽⣢⣰⣇⣕⣿⣂⣇⣷⣁⣅⣧⣆⣠⣂⣖⣿⣸⣥⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⡋⢛⠙⡏⣻⡝⣛⢟⢛⠛⡏⠛⠋⣻⣟⠛⢹⣿⣿⠛⠛⡛⣿⢛⡻⡋⡟⠛⡻⢻⡻⡟⣟⠟⠛⣛⡟⣿⡟⣛⠏⢛⡟⣻⡻⠻⢛⢙⡟⢟⣿⢛⣻⠹⠛⢛⠛⣿⢻⠝⡝⡭⣿⠛⠋⢛⣟⣝⢿⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣷⢷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⡾⣶⣶⣶⢶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣿⣶⣷⡶⣷⡾⣾⡾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⢷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣉⣰⣃⣕⣹⣨⣛⣺⣊⣈⣸⣂⣗⣁⣃⣟⣂⣀⣃⣳⣻⣊⣠⣻⣊⣀⣁⣑⣷⣂⣈⣸⣜⣁⣅⣘⣿⣰⣸⣪⣁⣁⣂⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⣌⣨⣺⣊⢀⣇⣳⣁⣹⣈⣆⡣⣾⣊⣘⣘⣃⣀⣘⣐⣎⣏⣱⣪⣲⣂⣹⣀⣘⣸⣰⣨⡂⣀⣐⣆⣁⣐⣅⣳⣁⣃⣇⣕⣕⣿⣸⣊⣈⣇⣍⣢⣛⣺⣘⣃⣑⣈⣀⣖⣀⣀⣇⣟⣆⣀⣀⣨⣚⣖⣁⣿⣪⣸⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣽⡛⡛⣻⡫⢟⣋⢛⠛⠛⢛⢻⡟⠟⠛⢹⣻⢻⠛⡻⡻⣻⣟⢙⢟⣿⡭⢩⡋⣟⡏⡟⣟⠛⢛⢻⣭⢛⣛⠛⠛⠹⣹⢻⡛⠻⢛⡛⣟⢟⣿⠻⣛⠟⠙⡿⡻⡛⡏⡏⣛⡟⢛⣻⡟⡋⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⡷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⢶⣾⡾⣾⡾⣷⣶⣷⢿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣷⣾⢿⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⡾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⡶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣺⣪⣈⣸⣰⣂⣐⡃⣾⣰⣙⣀⣇⣗⣁⣧⣤⣀⣪⣚⣎⣇⣀⣀⣾⣀⣸⣲⣊⣘⣀⣎⣷⣅⣀⣎⣃⣇⣇⣋⣃⣗⣹⣀⣤⣀⣰⣗⣁⣐⣑⣅⣒⣐⣯⣪⣒⣖⡁⣀⣲⣂⣐⡃⣖⣇⣸⣹⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣻⢻⡛⣿⠿⡏⡿⢻⢻⠟⢻⢻⡏⢿⢿⡟⣝⠿⢿⠿⢿⣟⠟⣿⣿⢿⠹⡿⡿⠿⢿⢻⡿⠏⡿⣿⠻⡟⣝⠻⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢻⢟⢿⠿⠿⢻⢿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⡿⣟⣟⣿⠿⠻⣻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣧⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣧⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⡋⡻⢻⡻⡿⢛⠟⢻⢟⢟⣟⡟⣿⡋⠻⢻⣛⠙⡟⣛⡟⢟⢟⠟⠟⢟⣟⠟⢿⠿⡋⠿⢻⠻⢿⠻⣻⡿⢛⡟⠿⢻⠛⡛⡿⣻⢙⢹⢙⡟⢟⢙⡟⠟⢙⠟⣟⢿⢫⣻⠻⣟⢿⡻⣿⢻⢛⣟⠿⠹⠻⡛⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣯⣷⡶⡾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⠾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⢷⢶⣶⢶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⢿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣯⣶⣶⣶⣷⢿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⢶⣿⣿⡶⡷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣴⣾⣶⣴⣾⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣅⣀⣂⣇⣂⣆⣲⣁⣂⣐⣃⣾⣓⣀⣧⣤⣘⣟⣗⣔⣲⣐⣿⣩⣣⣗⣐⣛⣸⣎⣄⣅⣲⣻⣀⣿⣪⣸⣺⣪⣀⣨⣘⣸⣐⣐⣎⣺⣪⣂⣰⣗⣲⣃⣃⣇⣲⣆⣱⣸⣎⣱⣐⣎⣸⣖⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⡻⡻⠻⡛⠟⡻⠛⡿⡻⠻⠛⢛⡿⢻⡻⠛⣛⢛⠻⡟⣟⡋⢟⠙⡏⣻⠝⣟⢟⢛⠛⣿⠻⢻⡻⠻⢛⠙⠏⢙⢿⣿⡻⣻⡻⢛⢻⢹⠙⢹⠛⣟⠟⡻⣿⣿⣛⢻⡟⠛⠛⡛⡟⡋⠛⡻⢻⣛⠛⡿⠻⠛⣻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⡾⣶⣶⢶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⡴⢶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣽⣾⣶⣾⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣾⣾⣧⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣧⣼⣾⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣇⣉⣹⣘⣋⣿⣻⣩⣻⣃⣉⣿⢻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣸⣈⣉⣟⣿⣏⣍⣽⣋⣙⣝⣿⣛⣿⣍⣍⣹⣊⣽⣟⣋⣝⣍⣗⣹⣟⣉⣿⣩⣹⣟⣺⡟⣟⣸⣹⣿⣍⣿⣻⣏⣹⣯⣹⣿⣿⣟⣉⣯⣻⣹⣋⣽⣿⣙⣏⣉⣿⣨⣘⣔⣐⣁⣣⣡⣿⡏⣁⣋⣹⣏⣷⣛⣹⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⣹⡻⡏⠛⡟⢻⣛⠙⠟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣭⡟⣿⠿⣿⠩⣟⡝⡯⢛⢝⢩⣻⠟⣿⡏⢻⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣼⣷⣷⣯⣶⣵⣬⣾⣿⣼⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠏⠿⡿⢿⠿⡯⢿⢿⡿⠿⠏⣟⠿⡻⢿⠻⠿⠿⡿⢹⢿⣿⣟⡟⠿⢿⢿⢿⢟⢿⠹⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⠃⠀⡟⢿⣟⡻⡿⡟⣻⢻⡟⢽⣿⠿⠿⣽⢿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣧⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⢷⢶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣷⣶⡾⣶⣾⣶⣿⢶⣷⣷⢶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣦⣿⣷⡶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⡿⢵⣿⠆⢀⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⡶⢶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⣐⣞⣀⣑⣜⣃⣈⣂⣁⣸⣰⣂⣿⣃⣛⣀⣪⣂⣞⣇⣓⣁⣸⣑⣈⣈⣺⣻⣂⣾⣀⣘⣐⣞⣂⣈⣨⣸⣟⣸⣖⣀⣿⣇⡁⠀⢐⣈⢠⣸⣕⡕⣅⣁⣸⣃⣑⣜⣓⣑⣈⣇⣗⣅⣐⣉⣆⣓⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⢏⣿⠏⣿⢿⡿⢿⢻⡿⠿⠽⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡯⠿⢿⣟⣿⠻⢿⣻⠹⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⡿⠏⠁⡸⢿⠿⣿⢝⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⣽⣿⠹⠿⣯⡿⣿⡿⠿⡏⣿⢿⡏⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣧⣴⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⠂⣰⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣉⣽⣨⣝⣒⣽⣽⣐⣣⣻⣠⣿⣉⢏⣍⣇⣿⣇⣹⣯⣟⣏⣝⣁⣭⣏⣿⡏⢍⣸⣿⣿⣩⣭⣏⣿⣏⣸⣿⡉⢍⠃⢠⣏⣁⣟⣉⣟⣿⣉⣍⣩⣙⣏⣁⣿⣯⢉⣩⣹⣿⣋⣫⣿⣉⣏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣻⠽⣟⢿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⠙⣹⢻⢹⣻⠙⣛⣟⠿⠛⡛⡟⣛⣟⣿⡻⢛⠙⣿⡟⢿⣻⡻⠿⢿⠹⠹⢻⡛⠏⠋⠟⣿⢻⣛⢟⠟⢛⠃⢰⢟⣋⣟⠟⠻⠛⣻⡟⢟⢿⠟⢟⠟⡏⣻⡟⣛⠟⢛⢟⡏⢻⡟⡏⢻⢻⢻⣛⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣦⣶⣶⣷⢶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⢶⣶⣷⣷⡶⣷⣶⣶⠆⠠⣾⣶⣾⣷⣦⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⠶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⢶⣾⣽⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⣹⣏⣋⣭⣍⣹⣼⣈⣹⣋⣉⠉⣸⣿⢋⣩⣙⣉⣻⣉⣹⣫⣯⣋⣉⣟⣹⣏⣏⣉⣸⣾⣈⣉⣇⣻⣹⡉⢀⣂⣿⣯⡿⣯⣉⣻⣍⣝⣟⣏⣭⣁⣻⣿⣍⣽⢫⣋⣉⣿⢻⣟⣉⣁⣿⣉⣑⣟⣹⣸⣏⣩⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⢻⢻⡿⡿⣿⠟⠻⡿⡟⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⡻⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⡟⢿⣿⠿⡟⠀⠼⢿⣿⣿⢻⢿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢻⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣷⣴⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⢿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⢲⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣴⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣛⣹⣏⣙⣟⣋⣯⣫⢋⣩⣉⣏⣋⣉⣻⣏⣋⣽⢉⣹⣋⢉⣉⣃⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣸⣈⣉⣏⣻⡏⢉⣉⣻⣏⣋⣃⣩⣫⣏⣏⣭⣉⣹⣗⣉⣙⣻⣙⣈⣉⣸⣘⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣁⣉⣉⣈⣉⣹⣻⣉⣉⣏⡻⣫⣩⣉⣏⣛⣉⣙⣏⣏⣽⣈⣙⣩⣉⣙⣉⣾⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠟⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠻⡿⠿⣿⠻⢿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢻⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⡿⢿⢿⡟⢿⣿⡟⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣦⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣮⣿⣴⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣦⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣴⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 542 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/gnu-linux-decade-in-india/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/gnu-linux-decade-in-india/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ GNU/Linux_Decade_in_India:_From_1.5%_to_13.5%⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux at 3:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Impressive if this_data is accurate: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Desktop_Operating_System_Market_Share_India⦈_ June 2013 to June 2023 Summary: The world’s largest population is quick to move away from Windows; not many adopt Apple (Indians don’t care for overpriced junk), so GNU/Linux is growing fast ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣙⣭⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠃⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠸⠀⠿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣶⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣏⣍⣙⣟⣿⣹⣛⣩⣹⣻⣉⣽⣻⣉⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠛⢻⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣤⡄⢠⡄⢠⠀⡀⣤⣤⣤⠄⠠⣤⡤⠀⣤⠀⣤⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⣴⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⡇⣰⣧⠘⡿⢀⠸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⢿⣿⠀⠀⡿⠀⣿⡇⠈⢰⡇⠸⠁⣈⡴⠄⠛⠁⠼⠛⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠏⣠⣾⣿⡀⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠤⠈⠋⠉⠀⠛⠛⠀⠁⠘⠀⢁⡈⢀⠐⢶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠜⠛⠿⠠⠻⠧⠀⠘⠛⠠⢶⢴⣶⣶⣾⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠏⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠌⠁⠤⠴⠦⠤⠄⠒⠶⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣪⣏⣀⣉⣁⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣪⣇⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣪⣇⣂⣘⣕⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣪⣇⣋⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣟⣏⣩⣉⣉⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣝⣏⣭⣫⣍⣉⣉⣩⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣏⣍⣉⣉⣽⢩⣉⣉⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 590 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/hmrc-is-just-taking-taxpayers-money-and-not-enforcing-the-law-or-selectively-enforcing-it-for-the-political-masters/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/hmrc-is-just-taking-taxpayers-money-and-not-enforcing-the-law-or-selectively-enforcing-it-for-the-political-masters/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ HMRC_is_Just_Taking_Taxpayers’_Money_and_Not_Enforcing_the_Law_(or Selectively_Enforcing_It_for_the_Political_Masters)⠀✐ Posted in Finance, Fraud, Free/Libre_Software at 3:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum cd10c506a34bdc112395c0e2c16921ce HMRC a Money Sink Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/hmrc-useless.webm Summary: What we’ve been demonstrating or highlighting so far this year is a defunct system of accountability, wherein the government officials and their associates are essentially above the law; can they endure the negative press that entails? AS noted earlier_in_a_meme, it’s now 3 weeks since reporting to HMRC that Sirius_‘Open_Source’ lied_in_its_tax_filings when it issued false payslips. It told staff that pension payments had been made (every month for more than half a decade), but no money was paid. The company’s managers basically stole the money. It’s a crime, it’s embezzlement, and punishment for this crime is severe (there are many crimes committed all at the same time). “We’ve written for nearly a decade about immunity and impunity in the EPO and now I (along with former colleagues) witness the same in the United Kingdom…”As the above video notes, seeing that HMRC doesn’t seem to care (probably too busy scrutinising the accounts of activists or political ‘enemies’), we’re progressing and moving onwards to additional steps. Many points of escalation remain. Thus far, the experience has been boding ill/poorly for the system of justice and enforcement in the UK. It’s like some kind of Kafka novel, wherein one turns from place to place like a ping-pong ball. Somehow some people are pretty much “above the law”. What might this do to public confidence in the “checks and balances”… or in slogans we’re shown on TV and radio (mass broadcast) about no escaping the wrath of the Rule of Law? We’ve written for nearly a decade about immunity and impunity in the EPO and now I (along with former colleagues) witness the same in the United Kingdom, a country where a “prince” can sleep with underage girls and then pay our tax money to “settle” and avoid extradition/arrest. The only person arrested over it was a protester who had ‘heckled’ him at his mom’s funeral. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 651 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/irc-log-080623/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/irc-log-080623/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Thursday,_June_08,_2023⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:55 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-080623.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-080623.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-080623.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-080623.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmNs6zQQgSJXs9hFND22ps9evze1EGaX3vfU9YfFzTngxG #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmZYpbFHuhudPd3r27Q8CQnmXiVNs1VCf6CFSSxKvTB4e7 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPUmHFG4awtbME533BPE1wHfrgJhXUjXXCTnVaNhz6jHH social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUysSxjNxvRc9VP1AL1d4d6NGepvPoSnQ9qaZHQnNwBzi social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmSpxUon5NwsprUFL8fumPrJwZeXgEMtAswWzUc74E2yA2 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmRqw4Vb6aZsqteLBEwzuz1dDrLRbnFTgKoJT9N42ATx67 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmU6cBrxFgKhAsvmKApxHkK98KsKiDXw8cqJXmDpacSfwM #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmWQkCBzqqaRkminDsL6RZTmeYmuM5mxgjhBVCkdk4XMKx (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmPFUHRdtmHpE4Xv4jkqvqQNM1a6no5H9G1YEt2Gvzxec8 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 778 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/linux-com-and-opensource-com/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/linux-com-and-opensource-com/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ What_Will_Happen_After_All_Major_News_Sites_Die_Isn’t_Pretty⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Protocol at 1:07 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 0a97b83153e63a2e3741bebc69cf5449 Rotting Web Estate Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/media-languishing-in-www.webm Summary: With webspam,_chaff,_sponsored_puff_pieces_and_worse_things being presented as “the news” we’re running out of actual purpose for the World Wide Web THE recurring theme of the World Wide Web slowly and gradually ‘dying’ is important because the media itself — or what’s left of it on the World Wide Web — isn’t talking about it. This is misframed as all sorts of other problems. When sites that used to produce technical news are like 80% spam (Tom’s Hardware for instance) or paid placements (we keep giving examples from MIT Technology Review) it’s hard to blame Web users for not visiting these anymore. It’s like they publish for bots (or SEO), not for human beings. “Our expectation is that 5 years from now there will be little actual news left on the Web.”The video above also discusses the situation with Linux.com and OpenSource.com. One might imagine those domains, which go back decades (Linux.com was active in the 1990s), would still be going strong. But that’s not happening. Our expectation is that 5 years from now there will be little actual news left on the Web. Journalists being replaced with chatbots isn’t what will happen; people won’t bother reading a salad of words or ‘spew’ (it’s easy to detect such dross, as Richard Stallman noted in his_talk_earlier_this_week). What might happen is, people will explore alternatives. Social control media is waning, so that’s not it. What will it be? Watch the video above. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 838 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/06/09/torvalds-third-wheel/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/06/09/torvalds-third-wheel/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Linux_Foundation_Demotes_Mr._Linux,_Linus_Torvalds,_to_Third_(in_Salaries), Only_Uses_Him_for_the_Name⠀✐ Posted in Finance, Free/Libre_Software, Kernel at 5:36 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Linux_Foundation's_Office⦈_ From the document (IRS) filed_2022-11-10, i.e. half a year ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Linux_Foundation_form_for_2021⦈_ The Linux [sic] Foundation now has 261 employees (after firing_dozens_of employees_a_few_years_ago). Mind the salaries. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Linux_Foundation:_Torvalds_in_third_place⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Linux_Foundation's_Zemlin_salary⦈_ Linux Foundation is associated with a lot of waste and fraud. It now charges $150,000_for_membership, i.e. it prices individuals and small businesses out of reach. It’s still based in one of the country’s and perhaps the world’s most expensive office estates/spaces (after_moving_there_years_ago_to_burn_money faster). It might be safer for the_Microsoft-funded_Sheela_Zemlin, who is a fugitive from the law (she had defrauded many people [1, 2, 3] and there’s a class action lawsuit for securities fraud) Summary: The Linux_[sic]_Foundation‘s tax filings (divulged_by_the_Nonprofit Explorer) show that it now pays “CHRIS ANISZCZYK” and “JAMES ZEMLIN” more than it pays “LINUS TORVALDS”, sans bonuses. Torvalds fell to third place already. Mr. Zemlin pays himself over $1.2 million a year. He doesn’t even use Linux. He lacks credentials and accomplishments (except for selling out to companies like Microsoft), but he_keeps_pandering_to_power_and_money (Bill Gates). It should be noted that the Torvalds bonus was added only after backlash had erupted. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠢⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣤⣠⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠏⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⣯⣤⣤⣼⣼⣿⣸⢸⡿⣽⣿⣿⠋⣽⢻⣟⢿⣿⣛⣟⣻⢻⡟⡻⢿⢹⡿⣿⡯⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣗⣘⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣮⣼⣥⣯⣿⣾⣿⣼⣸⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉⢿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡿⣿⣯⣭⣴⣶⣶⣶⣖⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢡⡤⣾⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣈⡙⠛⠿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡭⠍⠉⠭⡍⠉⢭⠭⠉⠭⡍⠉⠭⠭⠭⢩⠉⠭⠭⠭⠩⠭⣭⣭⡍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣥⣤⣤⣤⣥⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣥⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠻⠟⡛⠿⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⡙⠝⢉⢹⢹⢉⢉⢻⡟⡝⣅⣿⢩⡍⢙⠋⣻⠋⠋⡋⡇⡍⡙⠝⢉⢸⢋⠋⡋⣿⢉⣉⡙⠙⠙⠏⢙⢹⢉⠋⣽⡏⠉⢉⢋⢻⢉⢋⣿⠉ ⣿⣿⠿⡛⠛⠓⠨⢀⡂⠅⣀⠸⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣾⣧⣼⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣾⣴⣶⣾⣷⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣋⣩⣋⣹⣙⣙⣩⣫⣉⣏⣉⣽⢉⠙⣏⣉⣹⣏⣫⣏⣉⣩⡉⣩⢩⡉⣯⣩⣉⣉⣿⣉⣉⣩⣝⣻⣏⣋⣉⣉⣉⣋⣏⣙⣉⣉⡏⣙⣉⣋⢉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⡛⣻⠛⡛⣿⠛⠛⠛⡟⢟⢟⠛⢻⠻⠛⣿⢛⠻⡛⡛⢛⠻⡛⢟⢻⠛⠻⣛⡛⢻⢛⢟⣛⡟⠟⡟⣻⣛⠛⢿⢛⠻⣟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⡛⢛⠛⡛⠻⢛⢻⣛⠛⠟⡟⠛⠿⢻⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⣇⣨⣻⣈⣹⣉⣩⣍⣙⣨⣉⣛⣝⣭⣤⣌⣹⣩⣅⣀⣠⣧⣋⣿⣉⣉⣈⣉⣉⣋⣫⣏⣹⣉⣉⣹⣀⣉⣹⣉⣈⣉⣙⣿ ⣿⣿⠚⠒⣓⠓⣎⠛⠞⠚⠓⢳⠑⢓⡓⠒⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⢛⣛⣛⡛⡛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⡛⣛⣛⡛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣯⣤⣶⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣤⡴⠤⠤⠼⠰⠤⠤⠹⠤⠾⠤⠤⠇⠤⠤⠼⠧⠤⠀⠴⠴⠤⠆⠸⠤⠬⠤⠬⠥⠤⠤⠬⠿⠿⠿⠏⠧⠴⠤⠧⠤⠤⠧⠦⠸⠬⠬⠥⠤⠥⠤⠤⠬⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⠻⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢛⡃⣧⡼⢭⠭⠭⡯⡽⡭⢏⠭⠭⡯⡬⢯⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⢶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣬⡅⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠵⢴⣴⣤⣤⣧⣦⣴⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣛⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⣶⢔⡒⠒⡖⡒⠂⠒⠒⢲⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⡿⠤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣥⣬⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣩⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠦⠴⡤⠦⡾⡤⠦⣧⠴⣤⠾⠤⠼⡶⣭⢽⡤⣤⣧⣷⣤⣼⣤⣷⣴⣧⣤⣴⣦⣤⣦⣷⣼⣤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣦⣶⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢛⡛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠛⡛⢛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢝⠛⡟⢻⠛⠛⡻⡟⠛⠛⣛⢛⡟⡛⣛⠛⠛⢿⠛⠻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡏⠏⣻⠛⣟⢛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⣟⡛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⡏⣭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣟⣩⣩⣹⣍⣉⣩⣝⣹⣉⣉⣙⣟⣫⣿⣉⣽⣛⣍⣩⣝⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⠶⣾⠿⡿⠻⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⡟⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣓⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣵⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣴⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠿⡦⢤⠿⣤⣧⡽⢤⡧⠤⣤⣧⣦⣼⣦⣼⣴⣧⣬⣤⣤⣽⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⠒⢶⠟⠗⠓⠿⡓⡚⡷⢓⣻⠛⠻⡟⣿⢛⢛⠟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⢲⠚⡖⠒⠒⠖⠖⣓⠓⢚⣛⢺⣖⡓⣾⡞⠓⡖⠒⠟⠻⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻ ⣿⣿⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣥⣥⣭⣭⣬⣤⣬⣤⣤⣥⣥⣤⣥⣬⣬⣥⣭⣥⣤⣥⣬⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣦⣴⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣶⣶⢸⠛⣛⣟⠿⡛⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡟⢛⣻⠿⡿⡟⣟⡟⢻⠻⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⠟⠻⠛⠻⡻⣻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻ ⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣽⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣤⣥⣦⣿⣤⣧⣤⣼⣼⣴⣼⣴⣯⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣭⣭⢹⠿⣿⣿⣿⢩⣭⣽⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⢩⣭⣽⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣫ ⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣯⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣤⣤⣿⣾⣷⣴⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣭⣭⣼⣿⣷⣶⣿⣬⣭⣽⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣬⣭⣽⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣛⡛⣁⣊⣛⣂⣀⠀⣀⣂⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⠛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⡻⠿⡿⢿⡟⠿⡏⡏⡏⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢻⠿⢿⢿⡟⢟⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣧⣦⣵⣼⣧⣽⣧⣧⣧⣧⣧⣇⣭⣥⣾⣮⣴⣣⣿⣯⣼⣮⣷⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣦⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⣿⣯⣿⣦⣶⣿⣼⣿⣽⣿⣼⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣋⣋⣿⣿⣿⣫⣻⣋⣿⣹⣿⣽⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣽⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⠛⡛⠿⣿⣿⣟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣻⡛⢛⡟⠛⢿⣟⣟⣟⠟⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⠻⢿⣻⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠙⠟⣍⢻⣫⢻⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡻⣿⣿⠻⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⢿⣟⣿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣦⣯⣾⣥⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢿⢿⢛⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢻⣛⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣧⣼⣿⣯⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣼⣿⣷⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣯⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣹⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⢙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1012 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_Links_09/06/2023:_Thoughts_on_Flatpak_and_Apple_Cultists⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 7:05 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Technology_and_Free_Software # Internet/Gemini # Programming * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ Ashamed_of_My_Penmanship⠀⇛ I have a confession to make: I’m ashamed of my penmanship. My handwriting isn’t particularly bad: on the contrary, it’s quite legible. I dislike it not because it’s unreadable, but because it’s so utterly generic. I grew up in the last few decades that cursive and other forms of advanced penmanship were still widely taught in schools. Of course I was first taught how to write in print, and to this day I still form letters using the exact same movements taught to me in my preschool spelling books. We learned a standardized form of cursive around my second year of elementary school. # ⚓ Butterflies_and_Roses_2023-06-09_(Fairbanks,_AK,_USA)⠀⇛ A few more pictures for the collection, from the trails near the Tanana River. This was from last Wednesday. # ⚓ The_Porklet_and_the_Ash⠀⇛ The springtime had finally come to the little forested valley in Vermont where the young ash tree stood. After another long winter and a rather surprisingly short and uneventful mud season, the slender tree was starting to unfurl its new leaves in the pleasant warm rays of sunshine beaming down over the hills that rimmed it on all sides. For a few days…maybe even as long as a week, the sparsely branching tree let its tiny feather-like leaves grow and spread like the wings of exotic birds. It was a good time in the valley. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ My_thoughts_on_Flatpak⠀⇛ I have been chatting about this with people who know more than I ever will about Flatpak. Soo I have added few edits here and there. If I seem frustrated, most of my frustration is aimed at the unnecessary shit slinging over packaging formats. *We all want the good stuff, why the hell are we fighting?!* # ⚓ Rambly_rant_about_my_Apple_fan_boy_coworker_and_tech illiteracy⠀⇛ So, I had dinner with other people in my company today (as of when I started this post). One of them are absolute Apple fan boys. He knows that I piratically a VR resident. And the topic of Apple’s new Vision Pro headset showed up. I expressed my view that I don’t like it and it does nothing what current VR users want. And that I’m not their target audience. Also what Apple is doing is nothing new. We have it for ages. The Quest 2 have vision hand tracking. Quest Pro/Vive Pro eye/Pico 4 Pro have eye tracking. There’s external mouth tracking addons have existed for a long time. And talking through an avatar is what the entire game of VRChat is about. Go get a VR headset and hop into VRChat for even an hour. See what the frontier is like. That’s where innovation and new ideas are. Guess the reply “I don’t care about innovation. It’s not Apple and it’s not a convinent package”. I wanted to facepalm myself immediately. I asked myself. Seriously, this man wants to wait for a 3500 dollars headset that does nothing new. Just.. argh!. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Mastodon⠀⇛ I am a microblogger now! Decided to finally try out Mastodon, even though I still rather dislike the involved technologies. But to avoid interacting with them too much directly, as well as to setup a separate communication channel, I registered at emacs.ch and tried to use an Emacs Mastodon client, mastodon.el. Quickly discovered that there is a memory leak in my Emacs version, related to images, so now using the usual Mastodon’s web interface. It is okay: somewhat buggy and awkward, but there are many worse ones. # ⚓ Yesterday’s_Posts⠀⇛ Another day, another proof-of-concept server. [...] I’ve no idea if this works in practice, let’s see. I plan on adding aggregators and otherwise tweaking the output until it matches what I like to read, then trying reading everything this way for a while to see if I prefer the forced slow cadence to the “live” versions. # § Programming⠀➾ # ⚓ Shell_Script_That_Runs_Forever⠀⇛ Critics will point out that this script will not run forever due to e.g. the heat death of the universe, the hardware running the script failing, the human getting bored, etc. However given a running system this script will (probably) run forever, the lite version of forever that ignores our daystar going all red giant. The script does need a bit of help to run “forever”. One lever is that shell scripts take pains to operate line-by-line, to ape an ape at a terminal. Either shells read single bytes to find where the next line is, or they read chunks and use lseek(2) to scoot the file pointer back to the start of the current line. This can be observed under ktrace(1) or similar, which is a great way to learn what system calls a process makes while going about its business. Especially if there are too many lines of code to easily follow what some too complicated shell is doing. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1220 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_09/06/2023:_JDBC_FDW_0.3.1_and_Godot_4.1_Beta⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 7:13 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Audiocasts/Shows o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o BSD o SUSE/OpenSUSE o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Debian_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o SaaS/Back_End/Databases o Licensing_/_Legal o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Science o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Linux_Foundation o Security # Privacy/Surveillance # Confidentiality o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Patents # Trademarks # Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux in the Ham Shack ☛ LHS_Episode_#505:_Thanks_for_All the_Fish⠀⇛ Hello and welcome to the 505th installment of Linux in the Ham Shack. # ⚓ Jupiter Broadcasting ☛ Linux_Action_News_296⠀⇛ Ubuntu gets serious about the immutable desktop, red flags from Red Hat, and the little tricks Apple used to patch Wine. # ⚓ The BSD Now Podcast ☛ BSD_Now_510:_The_BSD_Slabtop⠀⇛ AsiaBSDCon 2023 Trip Report, Converting My X201 ThinkPad into a Slabtop, Stream your OpenBSD desktop audio to other devices, The Gnome and Its “Secret Place”, ttyload, and more o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_6.3.7⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 6.3.7 kernel. All users of the 6.3 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 6.3.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/ git/stable/linux-stable.git linux-6.3.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_6.1.33⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.15.116⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.10.183⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.4.246⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.19.285⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.14.317⠀⇛ o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Medevel ☛ Readme.so:_Drag-and-Drop_Documentation Generator⠀⇛ Readme.so is a free and open-source documentation generator that uses Markdown and a drag-and-drop editor to build professional-looking documentation. Feature * Easy-to-use editor * Comes with dozens of useful section * Choose from a list of sections to add to your readme docs * Edit the contents of each section * Change section orders # ⚓ Medevel ☛ HTTrack_The_Website_Copier:_Copy_Any_Website_to Your_Desktop_For_Offline_Browsing⠀⇛ HTTrack is an offline browser utility that allows users to download a website from the Internet to a local directory. This free and easy-to-use software is licensed under the GPL, or General Public License, which means that users have the freedom to run, study, share, and modify the software. 13 # ⚓ Sam_Thursfield:_Screen_reading,_part_2:_looking_at_Coqui TTS⠀⇛ I did some research into open_source_text_to_speech solutions recently. As part of that I spent a while trying out Coqui_TTS and, while I was trying to get it to sound nice, I learned a few things about voice synthesis. Coqui TTS provides some speech models which are pre-trained on specific datasets. For text-to- speech, each dataset contains text snippets paired with audio recordings of humans reading the text. # ⚓ Medevel ☛ Notes_Is_a_Great_Lightweight_Note-taking_App_for Windows,_Linux,_and_macOS⠀⇛ Notes app is a free and open-source note-taking app for those who want to effortlessly and confidently jot down their thoughts and ideas. Built-in C++ with Qt, this app is both lightning-fast and stunningly attractive, allowing users to record their ideas seamlessly without any lag. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Set_up_KVM_&&_Cockpit_WEB_Console_on_Debian_BookWarm_(12)⠀⇛ Virt-manager still appears to be the most powerful tool in regards of deployment and managment of KVM guests. Also sometimes it seems to be more functional rather then Cockpit Web console, in my very personal opinion. In particular, it allows to configure some features required by Windows 11 KVM Guest in the most recent builds of Fedora Linux 38,37. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ What_is_Content_Security_Policy_(CSP)?⠀⇛ In the vast world of cybersecurity, Content Security Policy (CSP) serves as a formidable front- line defence. Introduced to augment the web’s native security capabilities, CSP empowers web developers to establish guidelines or “policies” that regulate how content is handled on a particular webpage. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ What_is_Cross-Site_Scripting_(XSS)?⠀⇛ In the world of cybersecurity, one name that invariably pops up when discussing web application vulnerabilities is Cross-Site Scripting, popularly known as XSS. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ FreeBSD ☛ BSDCan_2023_Trip_Report:_Andrew_Fengler⠀⇛ This year I had the opportunity to attend BSDCan in Ottawa and assist with the video streaming for the conference. The FreeBSD Foundation was kind enough to cover my accommodation for the trip, which I am very grateful for. o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ The_path_to_a_more_secure_SAP platform_with_a_comprehensive_guide_for_safeguarding_your_SAP [Ed: SUSE is promoting proprietary SAP again instead of Free software]⠀⇛ Organizations are concerned about the security of our SAP system, as it is the backbone of our business operations. They recognize the importance of having a secure SAP environment. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Ben_Cotton:_Buy_autographed_copies_of_my_book_for_Flock_to Fedora⠀⇛ Note: this commercial post was approved by the Fedora Council If you’ll be attending Flock_to_Fedora — Fedora’s annual contributor conference — in Cork, Ireland this August then I want to sign a copy of Program Management_for_Open_Source_Projects for you. Use the online_order_form before 22 June (and use promo code FLOCK2023 for a $5 discount). # ⚓ GNOME ☛ Jordan_Petridis:_You_are_not_actually_mad_at Flatpak⠀⇛ It’s that time of the month again, when some clueless guy tries to write a hit-piece about Flatpak and we all get dejavus. One of my favorite past-time activities for a while now has been seeing people on the internet trying to rationalize concepts and decisions, and instead of asking why things ended up the way they did, what where the issues and goals of system A, and design B, and what were the compromise, they just pick the first rational that comes to their mind and go with it. For example, a very common scenario is that someone picks a random Proprietary application and points out all the sandbox holes it needs to function and thus declares the sandbox as useless. At no point does one of them ever ask, “Hey why does Flatpak allow to punch such holes”, “What developments have been done to limit that”, “What tools are available to deal with that”, “Why am I a cherry-picking an evil proprietary application as my example that no distribution would be able to distribute anyway and I wouldn’t want any person to use” and “What went wrong with my life that I have to write hate posts to get attention and feel any kind of emotion”. These are just a few of the question that should have come up and given one pause, way before getting anywhere near the the publish button. Now I can answer most of these questions, and you would be happy to know that even Chromium and Electron have been adopting more and more of the sandboxed Portal APIs as the years pass. But there isn’t any point in talking about it cause none of the delirium is about the technical decisions behind Flatpak or how it works. None. o § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Lisandro_Damián_Nicanor_Pérez_Meyer:_Adventures_in_Debian’s Qt_land⠀⇛ Debian (I might as well say “we”, this is the beauty of it) is about to release Debian_12_aka Bookworm. Let’s take a quick look at what is new in Debian Qt land. § Qt 5 Bookworm has Qt 5.15.8, which is nothing but great news. KDE will be switching to Qt 6 sooner than later and Qt 5 has been a fun ride, but Dmitry Shachnev and I needed_a_break, or at very least not handling two Qt versions. But in the end I need to be fair: you REALLY need to thank Dmitry for Qt 5. He has been the man power behind it in 99.5% of the cases. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Ubuntu_23.10_Adds_Support_for_Window_Quarter Tiling⠀⇛ If you’re a regular reader you’ll have expected this. I revealed earlier this year that Ubuntu developers wanted to make the Tiling Assistant GNOME extension part of the default install. Well, now they have. The (renamed) Ubuntu Tiling Assistant extension is rolling out to Ubuntu 23.10 daily builds, and will, barring any unexpected issues, ship out-of-the-box on new installs. So what does this extension provide? Well, in current versions of Ubuntu when you drag a window to either side of your screen you’re able to “snap” it to 50% of the horizontal space. This lets you view two apps side-by-side. You can also drag windows to the top of the screen to maximise it fully. Handy, but limited when compared to the multitude of window tiling layouts that are available to users of Windows and ChromeOS. # ⚓ Neowin ☛ Linux_Mint_21.2_Beta_ISOs_are_now_undergoing testing⠀⇛ The Linux Mint 21.2 Beta ISOs are currently undergoing testing according to the Linux Mint Community website. This usually indicates that the Beta ISOs will be ready for download in a couple of days. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Epi_32U4_–_An_Arduino-compatible_USB- C_development_board_with_ATmega32U4_MCU_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ Epi 32U4 is a tiny Arduino-compatible development board based on a Microchip ATmega32U4 8-bit AVR microcontroller with just a USB-Type-C port and 23 I/O pins accessible through castellated holes that can be soldered to headers or another PCB. The board also includes some protection such as a fuse, ESD protection, a ferrite bead, and a low-pass filter for the analog reference voltage. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ Multiple_Easily_Exploitable_OpenSSL_DoS_Bugs_Fixed⠀⇛ Multiple important denial of service (DoS) vulnerabilities (CVE-2023-0464 and CVE-2023-2650) have been discovered in the OpenSSL Secure Sockets Layer toolkit. These bugs are easy to exploit and have a high availability impact. These flaws could be exploited to carry out DoS attacks resulting in loss of system access and potential compromise. An OpenSSL security update that fixes these vulnerabilities has been released. We strongly encourage all impacted users to apply the OpenSSL updates issued by their distro(s) now to protect against attacks leading to system downtime and compromise. o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ JDBC_FDW_0.3.1_release⠀⇛ We have just released version 0.3.1 of the Foreign Data Wrapper for databases with JDBC interface. This release can work with PostgreSQL 13, 14 and 15. This FDW is implemented in C language with JDK. This release improves the following features [...] o § Licensing / Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Heather J Meeker ☛ Toward_an_Open_Weights_Definition [Ed: What a joke. She pretends_to_be_some_historian_for_Free software_but_outsources_everything_to_proprietary_software controlled_by_Microsoft. This will be corporate revisionism; moreover, there’s employment history with Microsoft. All tainted. As an associate put it: “The employment history with Microsoft is a dead give away that she will only spew lies and disinformation”]⠀⇛ Today, OSS Capital is starting a project to collect community input on a definition of Open Weights. We have published our initial effort at https:// github.com/Open-Weights/Definition. Here is the TLDR: It is critical for the industry to develop and standardize on “Open Weights” licensing frameworks. These frameworks should align closely with the Four Freedoms… o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Godot Engine ☛ Dev_snapshot:_Godot_4.1_beta_1⠀⇛ Switching gears into the bug-fixing mode, here’s the first beta of Godot 4.1, and a great opportunity to try the new version of the engine ahead of the official release. # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Understanding_the_file.info()_Function_in_R: Listing_Files_by_Date⠀⇛ In R, the file.info() function is a useful tool for retrieving file information, such as file attributes and metadata. It allows programmers to gather details about files, including their size, permissions, and timestamps. # ⚓ Remi Collet ☛ Remi_Collet:_PHP_version_8.0.29,_8.1.20_and 8.2.7⠀⇛ RPMs of PHP version 8.2.7 are available in remi- modular repository for Fedora ≥ 36 and Enterprise Linux ≥ 8 (RHEL, Alma, CentOS, Rocky…) and in remi- php82 repository for EL 7. RPMs of PHP version 8.1.20 are available in remi- modular repository for Fedora ≥ 36 and Enterprise Linux ≥ 8 (RHEL, Alma, CentOS, Rocky…) and in remi- php81 repository for EL 7. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ LRT ☛ ‘Human_error’:_Lithuania_may_have_to_paint_pitch_green before_international_football_game⠀⇛ After wrecking the stadium with careless use of fertilisers, the authorities in Lithuania’s Kaunas may be forced to spray-paint the pitch that will host the national team. o ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Thousands_evacuated_in_China’s_Tianjin_after cracks_appear_near_high-rises⠀⇛ Geological experts said they were likely caused by underground cavities below a depth of 1,300m. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Why_Wouldn’t_NASA_Want_to_Use_Pencils_in Space?_Here’s_The_True_Story⠀⇛ In space, no one can hear you erase. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvia’s_schools_could_be_1,000_teachers_short_for next_year⠀⇛ At the beginning of the next school year, schools will lack nearly 1,000 teachers, according to the results of the survey conducted by the Saeima Education, Culture and Science Committee. The largest shortage of teachers is in Latvian language, literature, and math subjects, Latvian Radio reported on June 8. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ TechCrunch ☛ Lordstown_Motors_plans_to_sue_its_one-time savior_Foxconn_|_TechCrunch⠀⇛ Lordstown Motors is preparing to sue Foxconn, the Taiwanese manufacturer once considered a savior to the beleaguered EV maker. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Apple_Invent_The_Mechanical_Watch_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_to_restrict_food_imports from_Japan_if_nuclear_wastewater_is_released,_environment chief_says⠀⇛ Hong Kong will take “rigorous measures” to restrict food imports from Japan if Fukushima’s nuclear wastewater is released into the sea, the city’s Secretary for Environment and Ecology Tse Chin-wan says. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Hunger’s_rising_but_so_is_a_key_solution: Gender_equality⠀⇛ As more countries elevate women’s rights, they allow women better access in agriculture. Afghanistan’s acute hunger proves the point. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Brain_Tumors_Can_Rewire_The_Brain,_And_We Just_Found_Out_How⠀⇛ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ This_Man_Is_Spending_Millions_to_Slow Aging._But_You_Can_Try_This_For_Free.⠀⇛ Good tips for non-billionaires. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Spaceflight_Can_Induce_Long-Lasting Structural_Changes_in_The_Human_Brain⠀⇛ Multiple astronauts show the same thing. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Octopuses_Can_Rewire_Their_‘Brains’_by Editing_Their_Own_RNA_on_The_Fly⠀⇛ They’re so damn cool. # ⚓ Research_at_U-M_shows_promising_treatment_for_tinnitus⠀⇛ A recent study from researchers at U-M’s Kresge Hearing Research Institute suggests relief may be possible for those suffering from tinnitus. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ FDA_Panel_Recommends_RSV_Shot_to_Protect Infants⠀⇛ Advisers to the agency overwhelmingly agreed that a new treatment would help to prevent a potentially lethal respiratory illness in very young children. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Suspends_Food_Aid_for_Ethiopia, Citing_Widespread_Theft⠀⇛ American officials say they uncovered a countrywide scheme by government officials to divert food aid, in a country where 20 million people rely on donated relief. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Death_Toll_From_Cholera_Rises_To_31_In_South Africa⠀⇛ It is the second time the country has confirmed a cholera outbreak this year. # ⚓ France24 ☛ WHO_declares_end_to_Marburg_virus_outbreak_in Equatorial_Guinea⠀⇛ The UN’s health agency on Thursday declared an end to a nearly four-month epidemic of Marburg virus in Equatorial Guinea, saying the disease, a cousin of Ebola, had caused 35 confirmed or suspected deaths. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Reason ☛ More_on_the_Sanctions_Hearing_for_Lawyer_Who_Used ChatGPT,_Which_Fabricated_Precedents⠀⇛ Matthew Russell Lee (Inner City Press) has what appears to be a live-Tweet transcript of the hearing, as it progressed; I can’t be certain that it’s accurate, but it seems credible enough to link to. # ⚓ Reason ☛ Argument_Against_Sanctions_for_Lawyer’s_Filing_of Motion_That_Contained_AI-Hallucinated_Cases⠀⇛ The memorandum of law, filed by the lawyer’s counsel, is here. It seems quite well argued, though I don’t agree with the backup argument (in Part II.E) that the lawyer’s reliance on ChatGPT as a source for the supposed text of precedents was not just innocent but “reasonabl[e].” Here’s the opening paragraph of the introduction [...] # ⚓ Reason ☛ Another_Judicial_Order_Related_to_Lawyer_Use_of Generative_AI⠀⇛ An order governing filings before Magistrate Judge Gabriel A. Fuentes (N.D. Ill.), adopted May 31 (paragraph breaks added): The Court has adopted a new requirement in the fast-growing and fast- changing area of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) and its use in the practice of law. # ⚓ France24 ☛ US_Congress_to_consider_new_bills_on_risks related_to_artificial_intelligence⠀⇛ US senators on Thursday introduced two separate bipartisan artificial intelligence bills on Thursday amid growing interest in addressing issues surrounding the technology. # § Windows TCO⠀➾ # ⚓ Netcraft ☛ Web_shells_persist_days_after_MOVEit mitigation⠀⇛ Exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in MOVEit Transfer, criminals have deployed web shells on vulnerable file transfer servers and gained access to a variety of high-profile organizations. More than a week since remediation instructions were published, Netcraft has discovered web shells still present on servers associated with energy, healthcare, and finance companies. Web shells are control panels used by criminals to exfiltrate data from compromised servers, run exploits, and maintain remote access, often persisting long after the original vulnerability has been fixed. Using zero-day vulnerabilities to install web shells is not a new tactic. We previously reported on web shells installed via the Microsoft Exchange ProxyLogon and ProxyShell vulnerabilities in 2021. Two years later, Netcraft continues to detect new installations of web shells on still- vulnerable Microsoft Exchange servers. # ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ Brand-New_Security_Bugs_Affect_All MOVEit_Transfer_Versions⠀⇛ Progress has issued a second patch for additional SQL flaws that are distinct from the zero-day that Cl0p ransomware gang is exploiting. o § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Foundation’s Site/Blog ☛ Linux_Foundation_&_National Spectrum_Consortium_to_Collaborate_on_OpenRAN_Architecture and_Testing_to_Accelerate_US_Innovation⠀⇛ o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Russians_charged_with_hacking_Mt._Gox crypto_exchange,_running_BTC-e⠀⇛ # ⚓ Security Week ☛ North_Korean_Hackers_Blamed_for_$35_Million Atomic_Wallet_Crypto_Theft⠀⇛ Researchers believe North Korea-linked Lazarus Group has stolen at least $35 million in cryptocurrency from Atomic Wallet. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Vulnerabilities_in_Honda_eCommerce_Platform Exposed_Customer,_Dealer_Data⠀⇛ Vulnerabilities found by a researcher in a Honda ecommerce platform used for equipment sales exposed customer and dealer information. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Vulnerability_on_Honda_platform_could_have exposed_customer_and_dealer_details⠀⇛ A recently detailed vulnerability in an e-commerce platform offered by Honda Motor Co. Ltd. could have exposed the details of both Honda customers and dealers. ⚓ Security Week ☛ Cisco_Patches_Critical_Vulnerability_in_Enterprise Collaboration_Solutions⠀⇛ Cisco releases fixes for a critical-severity vulnerability in Expressway series and TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS). ⚓ Security Week ☛ Barracuda_Urges_Customers_to_Replace_Hacked_Email_Security Appliances⠀⇛ Barracuda Networks is telling customers to immediately replace hacked ESG email security appliances regardless of the patches they installed. ⚓ Security Week ☛ Pharmaceutical_Giant_Eisai_Takes_Systems_Offline_Following Ransomware_Attack⠀⇛ Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai says it has taken systems offline after falling victim to a ransomware attack. ⚓ SANS ☛ Ongoing_scans_for_Geoserver,_(Thu,_Jun_8th)⠀⇛ * § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ o ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_Phone_Messages_Sped_the_Fall_of_President Milo_Djukanovic_in_Montenegro⠀⇛ Evidence found in encrypted messages helped speed the fall of Milo Djukanovic in Montenegro. His successor, Jakov Milatovic, says he plans to clean up the country. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ China_to_Build_Station_That_Could_Spy_on_U.S. from_Cuba,_Officials_Say⠀⇛ The planned facility could amplify Beijing’s technological capacity to monitor military operations across the Southeastern states. o ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_US_trade_embargo_is_driving_Cuba_into_the_arms_of China⠀⇛ China is planning to pay the Cuban government several billion dollars in exchange for its support of a signals intelligence facility on the island nation that will be able to eavesdrop on military and other communications in the southern US, according to the Wall Street Journal. o ⚓ Naked Capitalism ☛ Snowden_Warns_Today’s_Surveillance_Technology Makes_2013_Look_Like_‘Child’s_Play’_|_naked_capitalism⠀⇛ Edward Snowden describes how surveillance tools have become more powerful in the past decade * § Confidentiality⠀➾ o ⚓ JURIST ☛ US_Supreme_Court_rules_in_favor_of_healthcare_provider in_identity_theft_dispute⠀⇛ The US Supreme Court ruled Thursday in Dubin v. United States that in order to constitute aggravated identity theft, the use of a person’s identity must be at the “crux” of what makes the conduct criminal, reversing a lower court decision. § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Man_Tied_to_Natalee_Holloway_Disappearance_Is Extradited_to_U.S.⠀⇛ Joran van der Sloot, who had been in prison in Peru, was sent to the United States to face charges related to Ms. Holloway, who went missing during a 2005 trip to Aruba. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Louisiana_Passes_Bill_That_Would_Require_Parental Consent_for_Kids’_Online_Accounts⠀⇛ The measure would allow parents to cancel the contracts underlying their children’s accounts on sites like TikTok, Instagram, Roblox and YouTube. * ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ TikTok_Faces_Renewed_Congressional_Scrutiny Following_Data_Storage_Reports:_‘We_Are_Disturbed_By_TikTok’s_Pattern_of Misleading_or_Inaccurate_Responses’⠀⇛ Following troubling reports about the alleged storage of TikTok creators’ sensitive financial information in China, U.S. senators from both sides of the aisle are calling out the video-sharing app’s alleged “pattern of misleading or inaccurate responses.” * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Knife_Attack_in_France_Critically_Injures_4_Children⠀⇛ A local prosecutor said there was “no apparent sign of a terrorist motive” after a knife-wielding man violently assaulted people in a park in the southeastern city of Annecy. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Nursery_Children_Injured_in_Knife_Attack_in_France⠀⇛ “The nation is in shock,” President Macron said and called the act an “attack of absolute cowardice.” * ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ AMLO_promises_justice_for_Nuevo_Laredo extrajudicial_killings⠀⇛ President López Obrador said soldiers seen on video killing civilians and then planting weapons near their bodies would soon be in custody. * ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ ‘Dollarization’_of_North_Korean_economy,_once vital,_now_potential_threat_to_Kim’s_rule⠀⇛ North Korea has tolerated the widespread use of more stable foreign currencies like U.S. dollars and the Chinese yuan since a bungled revaluation of the won in 2009 triggered runway inflation and public unrest. The so-called  “dollarization” phenomenon helped ease inflation and stabilize foreign exchange rates. But experts say the currency substitution may hurt leader Kim Jong Un’s authority by undermining the government’s control of the money supply and its ability to set monetary policies. Now, observers say Kim may be trying to roll back use of the dollar and yuan to tighten his grip on the economy, a move that could backfire by just confusing and angering the public. * ⚓ France24 ☛ France_knife_attacker_did_not_have_‘terrorist_motive’: prosecutor⠀⇛ A man armed with a knife stabbed six people, including four preschool children, by a lake in the French Alps on Thursday in an attack that sent shock waves through the country. The suspect, who was arrested, did not have a terrorist motive, according to the local prosecutor. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Saudi_Arabia_Condemns_Attack_On_Its_Embassy_In_Sudan⠀⇛ The attack involved the destruction of property and homes of Saudi employees. * ⚓ France24 ☛ Sudan_government_declares_UN_envoy_Volker_Perthes_‘persona non_grata’⠀⇛ The Sudanese government has declared United Nations envoy Volker Perthes “persona non grata”, two weeks after the army chief accused him of stoking the country’s civil conflict and sought to have him removed from his post. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Tajik_Authorities_Detain_Dozens_of_‘Armed’_Afghan_Citizens, Sources_Say⠀⇛ Sources in Tajikistan’s government entities told RFE/RL on June 8 that dozens of armed Afghan citizens, including former Afghan military personnel, have been apprehended by Tajik law enforcement and security troops in the Central Asian nation’s southern Khatlon region. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Explosion_Rips_Through_Mosque_In_Northern_Afghanistan_During Funeral,_At_Least_19_Dead⠀⇛ An explosion has torn through a mosque in the northern Afghan province of Badakhshan during a funeral service for a Taliban official, killing at least 19 people, including the former Taliban security commander in the city of Baghlan, and wounding 38 others. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_47:_Four_democrats_seek_to_throw_out subversion_charge⠀⇛ Lawyers for four Hong Kong pro-democracy figures in a landmark national security trial have asked judges to dismiss a subversion charge, saying the prosecution failed to provide enough evidence to build a case against their clients under the security law. * ⚓ RFA ☛ ASEAN_members_to_hold_first_joint_drills_in_contested_South_China Sea⠀⇛ The non-combat drills will take place near Indonesia’s Natuna Islands in September. * ⚓ RFA ☛ US_defense_official:_China’s_maneuvers_risk_conflict⠀⇛ ‘Dangerous’ incidents in South China Sea and Taiwan Strait made worse by Beijing’s refusal to talk, official says. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ 37_Chinese_warplanes_cross_into_Taiwan’s_defence zone⠀⇛ More than 30 Chinese warplanes entered Taiwan’s air defence zone over the course of about six hours, the island’s defence ministry said Thursday, a sharp ramp-up in single-day incursions by China’s military. China claims self-ruled Taiwan as its territory and has vowed to take it one day — by force if necessary. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ ATMIS_to_Transfer_Duties_to_Somali_Forces_By_December_2024⠀⇛ Until the end of June, the African Union military mission will withdraw 2,000 troops in line with the implementation of the Somali Transition Plan. * ⚓ Kid_Rock_Says_Trump_Asked_Him_for_Advice_on_Handling_North_Korea_– Rolling_Stone⠀⇛ Kid Rock told Tucker Carlson that former President Donald Trump sought his advice about how to handle North Korea. * ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Hypocrisy,_Thy_Name_Is_Wall_Street_Journal⠀⇛ The Wall Street Journal of March 31, 2023 (page A20, if you must know) featured this headline: “Turkey’s Parliament Ratifies NATO bid.” § Environment⠀➾ * ⚓ Quartz ☛ What_an_honest_ad_from_an_oil_and_gas_company_would_look like⠀⇛ Fossil fuel companies try to present a green face when advertising to consumers. British regulators are now cracking down on the oily practice. * ⚓ European Commission ☛ Video_message_by_Commissioner_Simson_at_the_Clean energy_for_EU_islands_Forum_2023⠀⇛ European Commission Speech Saaremaa, 08 Jun 2023 Good morning to all of you! Greetings from Brussels. * ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Inside_the_quest_to_engineer_climate-saving “super_trees”⠀⇛ Fifty-three million years ago, the Earth was much warmer than it is today. Even the Arctic Ocean was a balmy 50 °F—an almost- tropical environment that looked something like Florida, complete with swaying palm trees and roving crocodiles.  Then the world seemed to pivot. The amount of carbon in the atmosphere plummeted, and things began to… * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ US_Owes_to_Developing_Countries_for_Excessive_CO2_Emissions⠀⇛ Global North countries could be liable to pay US$170 trillion in compensation by 2050 to ensure climate targets are met. * ⚓ European Commission ☛ Video_Recorded_speech_by_EVP_Timmermans_for_the Sustainable_Development_Forum_2023_in_Prague⠀⇛ European Commission Speech Prague, 08 Jun 2023 We will not manage the climate transition if we don’t also stop and reverse the dramatic loss of biodiversity. We need nature to store carbon, to cool our cities, and help reduce the impact of the climate crisis. We have to focus on what needs to be done, now, to ensure a liveable future. * ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ The_debt-ceiling_permitting_deal_misses_the_real problems_holding_back_the_energy_transition⠀⇛ The debt ceiling bill introduces changes to reform the permitting process in the United States. But the legislation will do little to clear blockages in the permitting queue. To meet climate targets, legislators must adopt additional measures that are specific to transmission and renewable interconnection. * ⚓ France24 ☛ World_warming_at_record_0.2C_per_decade,_top_scientists warn⠀⇛ Record-high greenhouse gas emissions and diminishing air pollution have caused an unparalleled acceleration in global warming, 50 top scientists warned Thursday in a sweeping climate science update. * ⚓ France24 ☛ Climate_crisis:_Miami_coastline_losing_ground_to_rising_sea levels⠀⇛ Today is World Oceans Day. Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, and Miami is one of the US cities most vulnerable to this phenomenon. The sea level in south Florida has risen by 20cm since 1981 and is expected to continue rising. Even with optimal emission reduction efforts aimed at slowing global warming, Miami will continue to sink underwater. Are residents aware of the threat? What can be done to prepare for the inevitable? Fanny Allard and Kethevane Gorjestani report. * § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ o ⚓ H2 View ☛ Hydrogen_Flight_Alliance_launches_in_Australia targeting_commercial_flight_from_2026⠀⇛ The Hydrogen Flight Alliance (HFA) has today (June 8) been launched by Australian aviation and green hydrogen players at Brisbane Airport, with eyes on commercial hydrogen-powered flight from 2026. o ⚓ Science Alert ☛ China_Has_Started_Digging_a_Mysterious_10,000- Meter_Deep_Hole⠀⇛ It’s a long, long, long way down. * § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wildfire_Smoke_Envelops_the_U.S.⠀⇛ New York City experienced its worst air quality on record. Here’s how to stay safe as the smoke spreads. o ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ How_Canadian_wildfires_are_turning_Climate_Change into_a_“public_health_emergency”⠀⇛ Canadian wildfires are all over the headlines, but this latest dose of climate-related fear-porn is just another stage in a propaganda campaign aiming to “pivot from covid to climate”. o ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ Where_the_smoke_from_Canadian_wildfires_is headed_next⠀⇛ Around 75 million people in the US are experiencing dangerous air conditions because of smoke from wildfires raging across Canada, and officials are urging people to limit time spent outdoors and mask up for safety. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wild_Mammals_Roamed_When_Covid_Kept_Humans Home⠀⇛ Strict pandemic lockdowns may have allowed animals to range more widely and spend time closer to roads, a new study suggests. o ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Your_Phone_Isn’t_Capturing_the_Reality_of Wildfires._Here’s_How.⠀⇛ Smartphone cameras use algorithms trained on normal landscapes, and aren’t prepared to capture the colors of a climate crisis. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Canadian_Wildfires,_Smoke_and_Heat_Herald Climate_Extremes⠀⇛ Scientists have long warned that global warming will increase the chance of severe wildfires like those burning across Canada and heat waves like the one smothering Puerto Rico. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Canada_Wildfires_Renew_Calls_for_a_National_Fire Service⠀⇛ Prime Minister Trudeau said he spoke to President Biden by phone to offer thanks for the American firefighters on the scene. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Canadian_Wildfires_Are_Burning_Where_They_Rarely Have_Before⠀⇛ Of the more than 400 fires burning in Canada, more than one-third are in Quebec, which has little experience with so many and such large wildfires. o ⚓ France24 ☛ In_pictures:_Canada_wildfires_shroud_New_York_in apocalyptic_smog⠀⇛ Smoke from Canadian wildfires shrouded New York in a record-breaking apocalyptic smog Wednesday as cities along the US East Coast issued air pollution warnings and thousands evacuated their homes in Canada. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Governors_Ball_Averts_Cancellation_as_New York_Skies_Begin_to_Clear⠀⇛ Organizers of the Governors Ball festival have confirmed the event will continue as planned. Yesterday, the festival announced it was closely monitoring air quality concerns after wildfire haze from Canada engulfed New York.  New York City Mayor Eric Adams described the air quality as very unhealthy, suggesting many people should stay inside. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wildfire_Smoke_From_Canada_Is_Expected_to_Reach Norway⠀⇛ Scientists in Norway have observed the effects of the fires, some of which have been burning for weeks. o ⚓ Quartz ☛ New_York’s_air_pollution_is_a_bizarre_advertisement_for the_Dyson_Zone⠀⇛ In March 2022, when Dyson announced its launch of the Dyson Zone—a wearable device combining both noise- cancelling headphones and an air purifier—it quoted World Health Organization estimate: that 9 in 10 people globally breathe air that exceed the WHO’s pollution guidelines. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Chris_Stapleton,_Hamilton_Cancel_New_York Performances_Amid_Air_Quality_Concerns⠀⇛ Canadian wildfires that have burned more than 9.8 million acres have cast an orange haze across much of the United States. Several events, including a Chris Stapleton performance and a Hamilton show were postponed.  o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Governors_Ball_‘Closely_Monitoring’_Air Quality_Concerns_in_New_York⠀⇛ Smoke from Canadian wildfires has turned the New York skyline into an orange, poisonous haze. Some concerts have already been cancelled. What about the Governors Ball? “We’re closely monitoring the airy quality with weather experts and are in close contact with city officials,” says a representative for the music festival. > o ⚓ Axios ☛ More_than_60_million_Americans_exposed_to_hazardous levels_of_wildfire_smoke,_a_new_record⠀⇛ The scope and severity of the Canadian_wildfire-induced smoke_event that has enveloped the New York to Washington corridor is astonishing even sober-minded meteorologists and climate scientists. The big picture:Poor air quality records have been shattered in multiple cities and states, including_the nation’s_capital, which saw its first-ever “Code Purple” day for fine particulate pollution on Thursday. o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Looking_at_the_White_House_Through_Wildfire_Smoke⠀⇛ This week, elected officials can see for themselves why they must get serious about climate change. o ⚓ France24 ☛ US_East_Coast_blanketed_in_hazardous_smog_from Canadian_wildfires⠀⇛ Schools across the US East Coast canceled outdoor activities, commercial airline traffic was slowed and millions of Americans were urged to stay indoors on Wednesday as smoke from Canadian wildfires drifted south, blanketing cities in a thick yellowish haze. o ⚓ Reason ☛ Virginia_Wildlife_Agents_Came_Onto_His_Land_and_Stole His_Camera._Now_He’s_Suing.⠀⇛ Eight weeks ago, a camouflaged game warden came onto Josh Highlander’s land, scared his son, and stole his trail camera. o ⚓ France24 ☛ Smoke_from_Canadian_wildfires_shrouds_eastern_US_with haze⠀⇛ Smoke from Canadian wildfires shrouded US cities in a noxious haze again Thursday, delaying flights and disrupting outdoor events in what President Joe Biden called a “stark reminder” of climate change. o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Canada_dispatch:_raging_wildfires_likely_to_increase calls_for_more_regulation_of_fossil_fuels_and_more_government funding_for_climate_action⠀⇛ Canadian law students are reporting for JURIST on national and international developments in and affecting Canada. Mélanie Cantin is JURIST’s Chief Correspondent for Canada and a rising 3L at the University of Ottawa.  o ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ ‘Clear_signs_of_progress’_reported_in protecting_vaquita_porpoise⠀⇛ The vaquita has long been skirting extinction, but a new survey of its habitat has produced some of the best news in years for its survival. o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Astounding_Birth_of_a_Gorilla_at_the_Smithsonian Zoo⠀⇛ Breeding in zoos fuses science and nature in striking ways. o ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ How_Real_Is_Smoke_Brain?⠀⇛ Researchers are only just starting to ask how wildfire smoke affects cognition. o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ A_Private_Garden_as_an_Antidote_to_Isolation⠀⇛ The photographer Siân Davey said, of her family’s plot in the South of England, “It felt like the potential for the whole world was held in that garden.” o ⚓ Fans_slam_Shawn_Mendes_for_teasing_new_single_with_photo_of_NYC under_wildfire_smoke⠀⇛ Mendes posted a photo of the smoke-covered Manhattan skyline less than 48 hours after the city was engulfed with smoke from raging Canadian wildfires. § Finance⠀➾ * ⚓ India Times ☛ [Old]_Aadhaar_fingerprints_used_to_siphon_off_bank_money in_Gujarat’s_Dahod⠀⇛ Think twice before using fingerprint impressions for any financial transaction. You may end up losing your bank savings. Police have busted a cyber fraud wherein two persons used fingerprint impressions to withdraw money from victims’ bank accounts. * ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Are_Zim_banks_limiting_Nostro_account_usage,_deactivating Nostros_for_international_use?⠀⇛ My friends, I know it’s all you have been talking about. An image circulating on social media raises the question – are Zimbabwean Nostro/FCA accounts recognised as forex accounts? * ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Mexico’s_inflation_rate_saw_year-on-year_decline_to 5.84%_in_May⠀⇛ It’s the fourth consecutive month that saw lower inflation than a year ago, suggesting that the central bank’s monetary policy is working. * ⚓ Latvia ☛ Annual_inflation_in_May_at_12.3%_in_Latvia⠀⇛ The latest data published on June 8 by the Central Statistical Bureau show that in May 2023, compared to May 2022, the average level of consumer prices in Latvia increased by 12.1 %. * ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ China_and_the_West_Are_Coming_Apart._Can_China’s_Economy Continue_to_Rise?⠀⇛ The world’s two leading powers have come to see their economic links to each other as risky, but disentanglement will come at a cost. * ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_recovery_of_New_York_City’s_retail_sector_has_come_to_a standstill⠀⇛ New York City’s retail_sector still has 11.1% fewer jobs than it did in February 2020—which hurts minority workers and the poorest New Yorkers the worst, according to a new study by the Center_for_an_Urban_Future, a public policy think tank. * ⚓ France24 ☛ French_opposition_MPs_fail_to_pass_pension_repeal_bill⠀⇛ Opponents of French President Emmanuel Macron’s pension reform failed on Thursday to pass a repeal bill, in their latest effort to maintain the retirement age at 62. * ⚓ Quartz ☛ Shares_of_meme_stock_GameStop_plunged_after_shaking_up_its leadership_team⠀⇛ Activist investor Ryan Cohen is taking the reins at GameStop in a dramatic day for the embattled retailer of meme stock fame. § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ * ⚓ Reason ☛ Trump’s_New_York_Indictment_Was_Just_the_Beginning_of_His Legal_Woes⠀⇛ The Manhattan case stinks of partisan politics, but Trump faces more serious legal jeopardy on at least three other fronts. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trump_Indictment_Is_a_First_for_the_U.S._but_Not_for Other_Nations⠀⇛ Scholars say it is important to hold the powerful legally accountable, but there are likely to be charges — well-founded or not — that prosecutors have political motives. * ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_Golf_Merger_May_Be_Dead_on_Arrival⠀⇛ The PGA Tour wants to team up with LIV Golf to eliminate competition. Federal antitrust enforcers aren’t going to like that. * ⚓ France24 ☛ US_Supreme_Court_rules_in_favour_of_Black_voters_in_Alabama redistricting_case⠀⇛ The US Supreme Court on Thursday handed a major victory to Black voters who challenged a Republican-drawn electoral map in Alabama, finding the state violated a landmark law prohibiting racial discrimination in voting and paving the way for a second congressional district with a Black majority or close to it. * ⚓ France24 ☛ Trump_indicted_on_charges_of_mishandling_classified documents⠀⇛ Former US President Donald Trump has been indicted by a federal grand jury for retaining classified government documents and obstruction of justice, according to a source familiar with the matter. * ⚓ Commander_of_war_criminal_organization_in_Syria_graduates_from university_in_Turkey⠀⇛ Abu Hatem Shaqra, one of the commanders of the organization accused of many violations and committing “war crimes” has registered at the university using another name. Shaqra can be seen in the photographs taken at the graduation ceremony. * ⚓ ISIS_operatives_in_Turkey_and_impunity⠀⇛ Unfortunately, our country is the place where ISIS militants, who have committed crimes against humanity and have solid evidence against them, feel most comfortable. * ⚓ Trump_lawyers_quit_classified_documents_case_—_True_Story⠀⇛ Two lawyers who represented Donald Trump in the months before the former president was indicted on federal charges over his handling of classified documents quit working for him Friday morning. * ⚓ Jeffrey_Epstein_victims_demand_new_deposition_of_JPMorgan_CEO_Dimon⠀⇛ * ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Saudi_Arabia_has_bought_into_soccer_and_golf._Will the_NBA_and_NFL_be_next?_|_US_sports_|_The_Guardian⠀⇛ The kingdom has extended its soft power through several sporting projects. There are signs that an expansion into US professional leagues could be next * § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ o ⚓ Reason ☛ Libel_Lawsuit_Prompts_Correction⠀⇛ Mediaite (Jamie Frevele), “New York Times Issues Lengthy Correction After Kai Spears’ Defamation Lawsuit,” reports; here’s the correction, from the Times site (posted Saturday): An article on March 16 about a fatal shooting that involved members of the University of Alabama basketball team misidentified the person who was in the car with one player, Brandon… o ⚓ New York Times ☛ DeSantis_Campaign_Uses_‘Deepfake’_Images_to Attack_Trump,_Experts_Suggest⠀⇛ The images, which at first glance appear genuine and are interspersed with real photographs in a campaign video, purport to show Donald Trump hugging and kissing Dr. Anthony Fauci. § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ NYPost ☛ US_DOE_opens_probe_into_allegations_of_antisemitism_at_SUNY New_Paltz⠀⇛ The two Jewish students say they were booted from an on-campus sexual abuse survivors group over their support of Israel and Zionism. * ⚓ NYPost ☛ CUNY’s_troubling_Jew-hatred_sanctioning_is_bigotry_on_the taxpayer’s_dime⠀⇛ New Yorkers shouldn’t have to send involuntary contributions to a school that has become a megaphone for Jew-hatred. We deserve public higher education that promotes respect and inclusion instead of lionizing the next generation of antisemites. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Academic_Freedom_Alliance_Statement_on_Mayo_Clinic⠀⇛ Doctor sanctioned for comments to journalists about transgender athletes * ⚓ Reason ☛ Journal_of_Free_Speech_Law:_“Cheap_Speech_and_the_Gordian_Knot of_Defamation_Reform,”_by_Prof._Lyrissa_Lidsky⠀⇛ Just published as part of the symposium on Media and Society After Technological Disruption, edited by Profs. Justin “Gus” Hurwitz & Kyle Langvardt. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Submit_Your_Articles_to_the_Journal_of_Free_Speech_Law,_Before You_Circulate_Them_to_the_Law_Reviews⠀⇛ We’ll give you an answer within 14 days, and we can publish them within several weeks, if you’d like. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Law_Banning_Distressing_Speech_“About”_a_Person_Must_Be Limited_to_Speech_Within_First_Amendment_Exceptions⠀⇛ So holds the D.C. Court of Appeals, D.C.’s equivalent of a state supreme court. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Company’s_“ESG”_Publicity_Is_Commercial_Speech,_Unprotected_by California_Anti-SLAPP_Law⠀⇛ From Monday’s decision in Hicks v. Grimmway Enterprises, Inc., by Judge Janis Sammartino (S.D. Cal.): In this putative class action, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant, a California agricultural corporation, misrepresented the environmental impact of its farming practices through its advertising and “Inaugural Report on Environmental, Social and Governance Actions” (“ESG Report”). Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant’s… * ⚓ RFA ☛ Uyghur_university_student_serving_13-year_sentence_for_using VPN⠀⇛ Computer science major was arrested in 2017 for trying to evade censors and obtain ‘illegal information.’ * ⚓ Reason ☛ A_City_Banned_Pride_Month–Themed_Library_Displays._Then_It Threatened_Employees_Who_Criticized_the_Decision.⠀⇛ After officials in Orem, Utah, banned “heritage month” displays in the public library, it threatened to discipline librarians who criticized the censorship. * ⚓ Turkey_bans_OnlyFans_following_court_order⠀⇛ The court decision to ban the platform comes after a massive social media campaign accusing OnlyFans and its content creators of “obscenity” and “immorality.” § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ * ⚓ CoE’s_governing_body_requests_immediate_release_of_Yüksekdağ,_Demirtaş, Kavala⠀⇛ The Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers demanded the immediate release of Osman Kavala, Figen Yüksekdağ, and Selahattin Demirtaş, stating their detentions were unjustified and lacked reasonable grounds. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iran_Hands_Labor_Activist_Razavi_5-Year_Sentence_For_Organizing Protests⠀⇛ Iran’s judiciary has handed down a five-year discretionary imprisonment sentence to labor activist Davood Razavi for organizing protests demanding better wages and working conditions. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Jailed_Vietnamese_climate_activist_to_start_hunger_strike_on Friday⠀⇛ The EU needs to raise such cases in bilateral rights dialogue, Human Rights Watch says. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Texas_Will_Place_a_Floating_Barrier_Between_U.S._and Mexico⠀⇛ Gov. Greg Abbott said the state will put a 1,000-foot string of buoys in the middle of the Rio Grande to deter migrants from entering the United States. * ⚓ Work-related_death_toll_was_145_in_May⠀⇛ 730 workers were killed on the job in the first five months of the year. Construction and transportation industries were the sectors with the highest death toll, while traffic and accidents involving employee services were the most frequent causes of death. * ⚓ YLE ☛ Job_burnout_most_often_hits_women,_highly_educated_workers⠀⇛ Eight percent of female workers experience workplace burnout, along with about five percent of their male counterparts, according to the occupational health institute. * ⚓ RFA ☛ North_Korea_punishes_‘anti-socialist’_behavior_with_forced_farm labor⠀⇛ Minor offenses result in a 5-day stint pulling weeds or planting rice. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ China’s_Crackdown_on_Mosque_Domes_is_Drawing_Rare Resistance⠀⇛ China is destroying Arab-style architectural features of mosques, such as domes and minarets. The tightened control on religion has been met with rare resistance. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Human_rights_lawyer_Chang_Weiping_jailed_for_3.5 years_by_China_for_state_subversion⠀⇛ China jailed a human rights lawyer for three and a half years for state subversion, his family said Thursday, in the latest blow to the country’s embattled civil society under President Xi Jinping. Chang Weiping was sentenced by a court in northwestern China’s Shaanxi province, his wife Chen Zijuan confirmed to AFP. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Shaanxi_court_jails_tortured_rights_lawyer_Chang_Weiping_for three-and-a-half_years⠀⇛ Chang’s wife says the sentence is a form of political persecution, amid ongoing fears for his health. * ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Jailed_former_Malaysia_PM_Najib_conferred leadership_award_by_Umno_Youth⠀⇛ Najib’s sons were in tears when they received the award on behalf of their father. § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ Michael Geist ☛ Tough_Talk,_Empty_Answers:_How_Heritage_Minister_Pablo Rodriguez_is_Propelling_Canada’s_News_Sector_Toward_the_Bill_C-18_Cliff⠀⇛ Canadian Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez appeared last night before the Senate committee studying Bill C-18, facing repeated questions about how his government will respond if Internet platforms such as Facebook_block_news_sharing in response to bill’s system of mandated payments for links. Much like Prime Minister Trudeau earlier_in_the_day, Rodriguez had few answers, relying instead on tough talk about not backing down against the tech companies or warnings that even talking about the risks was playing into their hands. Yet the reality is that the government has boxed itself into a corner with fatally flawed legislation that could leave Canadian news organizations  with lost revenues and Canadians with reduced exposure to reliable news. § Monopolies⠀➾ * ⚓ TechRadar ☛ Microsoft_is_willing_to_sacrifice_Teams_in_Windows_11_–_and I’m_OK_with_that⠀⇛ It looks like Microsoft is in trouble again with European Union regulators over anti-competitive practices, and it could sacrifice Teams in Windows 11 to avoid any conflicts. * § Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ European Commission ☛ Speech_by_Vice-President_Jourová_on_the_EU Ethics_Body [Ed: An "EU Ethics Body" while the EU actively enables the corruption at the EPO and brings into force illegal and unconstitutional kangaroo courts for patents?]⠀⇛ European Commission Speech Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 Today I want to present a proposal that will make a significant change. o ⚓ ANPRM’s_Ex_Parte_Reexamination_Proposals_are_Deeply_Flawed⠀⇛ The U.S Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) has spurred a range of commentary and criticism—mostly the latter—from current and former members of Congress, former USPTO officials, the private sector, and experts across the US patent landscape. o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ Patent_Office_Proposals_Put_the_American Economy_at_Risk⠀⇛ In an op-ed_for_RealClearPolicy, Unified’s CEO and Founder, Kevin_Jakel, explains how the USPTO’s Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) could put the American economy at risk and limit access to government patent review for all. Many ANPRM proposals aim to restrict petitions for review of invalid patents. This would limit the work done by Unified, other third parties, and companies targeted by NPEs, which will lead to small and medium-sized businesses becoming vulnerable to increased NPE threats. * § Trademarks⠀➾ o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Has_Trademark_Law_Become_a_Parody?⠀⇛ The Supreme Court recently issued its pro-trademark-owner opinion Jack Daniel’s Properties, Inc. v. VIP Products LLCand unanimously vacated the Ninth Circuit favoring the accused comedic copycat.  Justice Kagan delivered the opinion of the Court with concurring opinions from both Justice Sotomayor and Justice Gorsuch.  The holding is that the First Amendment does not require any special scrutiny in cases where the accused activity is “the use of trademarks as trademarks. o ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTABlog_Test:_How_Did_These_Three_Appeals_from Section_2(e)(1)_Mere_Descriptiveness_Refusals_Turn_Out?⠀⇛ So far this year, by my count, the TTAB has affirmed 31 of 33 Section 2(e)(1) mere descriptiveness (or disclaimer) refusals. How do you think the three appeals summarized below came out? Results will be found in the first comment. * § Copyrights⠀➾ o ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ The_Launch_of_Our_Mid-Year_Fundraiser!⠀⇛ Our Mid-Year Fundraiser is launched, and the new postcards theme will be Machines. o ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ Unidentified_Floating_Object:_Edo_Images of_Utsuro-bune⠀⇛ Was an alien woman really cast back into the sea after surfacing on the coast of Japan in 1803? o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Appellate_Court_Rejects_Outsized_Attorneys’ Fees_in_Napster_Class_Action_Complaint:_‘The_Benefit_From_This Litigation_Was_Minimal’⠀⇛ An appellate court has officially rejected the prior approval of $1.7 million in legal fees for the attorneys who recovered $52,841.05 on behalf of rightsholders in a copyright infringement lawsuit against the new Napster (formerly Rhapsody International). ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3197 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_09/06/2023:_Microsoft’s_‘Online’_(“Clown”/OneDrive)_Storage_Goes_Down Again,_Files_Cannot_be_Reached⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:25 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Instructionals/Technical o WINE_or_Emulation * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o BSD o Devices/Embedded * Leftovers o Science o Education o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Fear,_Uncertainty,_Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity # Privacy/Surveillance # Confidentiality o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Patents # Trademarks # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Science o Technology_and_Free_Software # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ When_Should_You_Consider_WSL_vs._a_Standard Linux_Distro? [Ed: WSL is an ATTACK on GNU/Linux. Don't touch it. Microsoft may have already laid off the team behind it because it failed. You know it is an ATTACK on GNU/Linux based on who's promoting it and how.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Change_the_Notification_Alert_Sound_in Ubuntu⠀⇛ Ubuntu’s classic alert sound is iconic, but you’re not alone if you’re sick of hearing it. Luckily, Ubuntu offers four other amazing alert sounds that you can choose from—and you can even replace the files for these sounds to add custom alert sounds if you’re feeling creative. # ⚓ Google_Chrome_&_other_Chromium_browsers_not_loading properly_(broken_graphics)_on_Ubuntu_&_Fedora,_workarounds inside⠀⇛ Google Chrome, the world’s most popular browser, has revolutionized the way we access the internet. Its elegant interface and lightning-fast performance have earned it a reputation as a top choice for millions of users. # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ Add_custom_text_to_terminal_when_you_launch it⠀⇛ In this tutorial, you will learn how to add a custom text or function at the top of your terminal, everytime you launch terminal. For example, we are going to add a custom command that will show us the logged in users in our system whenever terminal is launched. o § WINE or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ ScummVM ☛ Journey_Now_Into_an_Age_of_Chivalry_in_an Alternate_Reality⠀⇛ A stalwart party exploring the unknown, seeking the fabled Inner Sanctum. But all is not what it seems in the world of Varn� The ScummVM Team is pleased to announce full support for the PC version of the first game of the Might and Magic series: Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum. Two modes are supported: [...] * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Bye_Bye_Ubuntu,_Hello_Manjaro._How_Did_We_Get_Here?⠀⇛ Last week I penned a cheesy fake relationship breakup letter to Ubuntu, my Linux distribution of choice for the last 15 years or so. It had well and truly delivered on its promise of a painless Linux desktop for most of that time, but the most recent upgrades had rendered it slow and bloated, with applications taking minutes to load and USB peripherals such as my film scanner mysteriously stopping working. I don’t have to look far to identify the point at which they adopted Snap packages as the moment when it all went wrong. I’d reached the point at which I knew our ways must part, and it was time to look for another distro. My daily driver is a middle-aged Dell laptop, it’s about five years old but because I invested in the highest spec I could at the time, with an i7 of the day and 16 gigabytes of memory it’s still a contender. My problem when changing distros is that this machine is my livelihood, I can’t afford for anything to go wrong with it and any changeover has to be fast. I thus had to select a distro for which the installation is painless, the learning curve is minimal, and which doesn’t have too many neckbeard quirks. This is for earning a living, not messing about with. o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ FreeBSD_brightness_controls_on_Panasonic laptops⠀⇛ I have a longer post about my “new” Japanese Panasonic CF-SZ6 laptop pending. But in the meantime, you can enable Yamamoto Taku’s acpi_video (4) driver to get backlight controls on your function keys: sysrc kld_list="i915kms acpi_video" Older Japanese Panasonic laptops used Ogawa Takaya’s and Takahashi Yoshihiro’s acpi_panasonic (4), which I assumed was required but broken on these newer machines. I’d written my own devd wrapper scripts around intel_backlight, before realising they implement generic ACPI drivers. Whoops! o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ i.MX_91_SoC_powered_System_on_Module_for_secure_&_reliable Linux_edge_processing_solutions⠀⇛ iWave adds to the iW-RainboW-G50M family: The Solderable NXP i.MX 91-based LGA System on Module (SoM) for Linux edge processing solutions. The SoM incorporates the newest member of the i.MX 9 applications processor series and is built on the OSM v1.1 solderable SoM standard, providing extensive interfaces in a rugged and compact form factor. The Rainbow-G50M family provides for hardware and software commonality and ensures scalability based on the requirement and application. Evaluation Kits of the System on Module will be ready to purchase in June 2023. # ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ Wind_River_introduces_Security_Scanning Service_for_Linux_CVEs⠀⇛ Wind River has introduced Wind River Studio Linux Security Scanning Service that provides professional-grade scanning to identify Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Iowa_Building’s_Flaws_Were_Well_Documented Before_Deadly_Collapse⠀⇛ Residents said complaints about the apartment building in Davenport went unaddressed, and they questioned why the city did not intervene more aggressively. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Why_Everyone_Is_Suddenly_Talking_About Aliens⠀⇛ A new report of secretive government programs investigating “non-human” vehicles and “pilots” bears a striking resemblance to many that came before. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ A_Single_Injection_Could_Potentially Replace_Neutering_For_Female_Cats⠀⇛ So far, so good. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ The_Birth_of_a_Black_Hole_Created_The Brightest_Space_Explosion_Ever_Seen⠀⇛ So bright our instruments struggled to measure it. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Parasites_May_Be_Hijacking_Evolution_on Planet_Earth⠀⇛ Where are they taking us? # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Scientists_Discover_Ancient_‘Lost_World’ That_Rewrites_History_of_Life_on_Earth⠀⇛ The remains of a “lost world” of ancient organisms that are likely ancestors to all plants and animals, including humans, have finally been detected. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Skilled_Trades_Union_members_ratify_new four-year_contract⠀⇛ Members of the U-M Skilled Trades Union have ratified a new four-year contract with the university that provides annual wage increases, bonuses and additional short-term sick time. # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Tenants_Formed_a_Union_to_Fight_the ‘Google_of_Student_Housing’_Trying_to_Evict_Them⠀⇛ Members of the Core Spaces Tenant Union aren’t going to let their landlord evict nearly 1,000 people to renovate their units without a fight. # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ A_Big_Problem_With_College_Admissions_Could Be_About_to_Get_Worse⠀⇛ If affirmative action ends, how much more perverse could the process become? # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Teachers’_union_ready_to_call_for_Education Minister’s_resignation⠀⇛ The Latvian Education and Science Workers Union continues to request the government to comply with all the requirements of the teachers’ strike by June 30, and, if this is not done, will request the resignation of Education and Science Minister Anda Čakša, the trade union said in a statement on June 7. # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ In-person_voting_for_union_election_wraps up;_vote_by_mail_ongoing⠀⇛ The NLRB will accept mail-in ballots for the Stanford graduate worker unionization election until 5 p.m. on June 30. The announcement of election results is expected in early July. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ YLE ☛ Helsinki_Children’s_Hospital_shortens_heart_surgery queue⠀⇛ The hospital’s heart surgery queue problem has eased, but needs further improvement, according to Jari Petäjä, Chief Executive of Child and Adolescent Services at HUS. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Zimbabwe:_Over_2000_Suspected_Cholera_Cases⠀⇛ “Zimbabwe has so far recorded 2,076 cases, with 1,942 recoveries and 15 deaths…” # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ French_People_Are_Fighting_Over_Giant_Pools of_Water⠀⇛ The underground reserves that fill mega-basins are not an infinite resource. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Masturbation_May_Actually_Protect_Against Pathogens._Here’s_Why.⠀⇛ You do you. # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ It’s_5_a.m._Somewhere⠀⇛ Why do people drink so early at airports? # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ ‘Food_Swamps’:_Scientists_Explain_The Health_Risks_of_Living_Inside_Them⠀⇛ Your ZIP code explains a lot. # ⚓ Tedium ☛ Bad_News_Beepers⠀⇛ Considering the reputation that pagers and beepers had as a tool for drug trafficking, especially in schools. Did it smother a legitimately useful technology? # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Domestic_tourism_gradually_returning_to_pre- pandemic_levels [Ed: Misleading headline because it is below and the currency lost a lot in value, so apples are being compared to oranges with maybe 30% less in value]⠀⇛ Data published by the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) June 7 show that in 2022 Latvian residents went on 9.3 million same-day and overnight trips in Latvia, which is 12.2 % more than in 2021, and spent EUR 405.6 million, 35.6 % more. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Japan_Should_Be_Transparent_on_Radioactive_Water Discharge⠀⇛ Russian Diplomat Zakharova urged Japan to inform neighboring countries about its actions to address a potential radiation threat- o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ WordPress_is_getting_an_AI_assistant_that will_write_blog_posts_for_you [Ed: Chatbots are not "AI"; they are just spew generators without any understanding.]⠀⇛ Automattic Inc., the company that runs WordPress.com and contributes to the open-source WordPress content management software, today released a new artificial intelligence-powered tool that can help users write and edit blog posts. ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ How_ethics_is_becoming_a_key_part_of_research_in_tech⠀⇛ Faculty and administrators within the McCoy Family Center for Ethics in Society and Human-Centered AI are working to make ethical programming a focal point of the research process through a mix of voluntary and mandatory fellowships, review boards and coursework. ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Microsoft_OneDrive_down_worldwide_following_claims_of DDoS_attacks [Ed: GAFAM says use clown storage (i.e. send all your data to us). It's more robust against data loss. PROVIDED YOU CAN ACCESS IT AT ALL (got Internet connection? Does the service not have downtime at this time?)]⠀⇛ § Windows TCO⠀➾ * ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ White_House_needs_to_urgently_fix_nation’s_approach to_protecting_critical_infrastructure,_group_says⠀⇛ Attacks against critical infrastructure are reaching new heights, but strategy documents outlining federal efforts are a decade old. * ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ US_cyber_officials_offer_technical_details associated_with_CL0P_ransomware_attacks⠀⇛ CISA and the FBI offered details to help organizations protect themselves against the group that has claimed hundreds of victims. § Security⠀➾ * ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (chromium, firefox- esr, and ruby2.5), Fedora (curl, dbus, pypy, pypy3.8, pypy3.9, python3.10, and python3.8), Red Hat (python and python-flask), Scientific Linux (emacs), SUSE (firefox, google-cloud-sap- agent, libwebp, opensc, openssl, openssl-3, openssl1, python- sqlparse, python310, and supportutils), and Ubuntu (libxml2, netatalk, and sysstat). * § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾ o ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ New_Fractureiser_malware_used_CurseForge Minecraft_mods_to_infect_Windows,_Linux [Ed: Using Microsoft proprietary stuff to make "Linux" sounds like the problem]⠀⇛ * § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾ o ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvians_have_been_scammed_out_of_€3.5_million_this year⠀⇛ Nearly €3.5 million has been scammed out of Latvia’s population this year, but the State Police think that the damage was even higher, Latvian Television reported on June 7. * § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ o ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Liquid_courts_the_public_sector,_looks_to_end_use_of Gmail_for_govt_business⠀⇛ Liquid Intelligent Technologies held a ‘Data protection for the public sector’ event. Indeed, representatives from the IT departments of various public sector organisations were in attendance. And data protection was discussed. In a few hours, the Data Protection Act of 2021 was unpacked, an overview of data protection was given and data protection solutions… o ⚓ La Quadature Du Net ☛ Family_Branch_of_the_French_Welfare_System: technology_in_the_service_of_exclusion_and_harassment_of_the_most vulnerable⠀⇛ Translation from a paper originally published in French in October 19th, 2022 For the past year or so, we have been fighting the effects of the digitialization of French public administrations and the use of scoring… [...] o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Export_controls:_A_surprising_key_to strengthening_UK-US_military_collaboration [Ed: Banning encryption that works is only strengthening_high-profile_criminals]⠀⇛ US allies have been quietly frustrated for decades about the indiscriminate and extraterritorial application of export controls, in particular the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). o ⚓ Bert Hubert ☛ The_Dutch_government_wants_to_automatically_and administratively_gain_permission_to_target_victims_of_hackers⠀⇛ This is a mirror of the original about:intel post, since the about:intel server is sadly overloaded. The Dutch government is proposing adding a lex specialis to its existing intelligence and security services act. This addition significantly changes the scope of many powers and also extends who they can be applied to. A draft of an English summary of this proposed law can be found here. A far longer summary in Dutch is here. o ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Meta_to_take_action_after_investigation_finds Instagram_algorithm_promoted_child_sex_abuse_material⠀⇛ Meta Platforms Inc.-owned Instagram today said it will take action after an investigation by The Wall Street Journal and researchers at Stanford University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst revealed the company’s algorithm was promoting child sexual abuse material to pedophiles. * § Confidentiality⠀➾ o ⚓ Court House News ☛ High_court_sides_with_Medicaid_fraudster_in identity_theft_case⠀⇛ The Supreme Court unanimously shot down the government’s broad reading of identity theft law Thursday in a decision that will shorten the prison sentence of an Austin psychologist who defrauded Medicaid. “While the Government represents that prosecutors will act responsibly in charging defendants under its sweeping reading, this Court ‘cannot construe a criminal statute on the assumption that the Government will ‘use it responsibly,’’” Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote for the court in the 21-page ruling. § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ School_Shooting_After_Graduation_in_US,_2_Killed_and_5 Wounded⠀⇛ “We think the suspect knew at least one of the victims” * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Belgrade_To_Prod_Ethnic_Serbs_In_North_Kosovo_To_Vote_In Elections⠀⇛ Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic said he will try to use his influence to persuade Serbs in northern Kosovo to take part in elections, the U.S. envoy for the Western Balkans, Gabriel Escobar, told journalists on June 7 in Belgrade. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kazakh_Opposition_Politician_Detained_On_Bribe-Taking_Charge⠀⇛ Nurzhan Altaev, the leader of Kazakhstan’s unregistered El Tiregi (People’s Pillar) party has been detained on a charge of taking a bribe, the Central Asian nation’s Anti-Corruption Agency said on July 7. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Argentine_court_hears_allegations_of_genocide_against_Myanmar leaders⠀⇛ Universal jurisdiction case to review accounts of rape and slaughter of Rohingya. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Myanmar_military_is_stepping_up_attacks_on_schools_ahead_of school_year⠀⇛ The attacks are seen as a warning to families whose children attend non-junta schools. * ⚓ JURIST ☛ Connecticut_governor_signs_law_implementing_extensive_gun control_measures⠀⇛ Connecticut governor Ned Lamont signed House Bill (HB) 6667 into law Tuesday which includes a wide variety of comprehensive gun control measures. * ⚓ JURIST ☛ US_appeals_court_rules_that_Second_Amendment_protects_non- violent_offenders_from_federal_firearm_bans⠀⇛ The US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled on Tuesday that the Second Amendment of the Constitution protects non- violent offenders from federal firearm bans. The case resulted from Bryan Range’s appeal from the US District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Circuit Judge Thomas M. Hardiman authored the opinion of the court. * ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Recognising_service_in_the_shadows:_the_case_for_an Australian_intelligence_service_medal⠀⇛ Do you recall the ‘Garage Girls’ from this year’s Australia Day honours? * ⚓ Latvia ☛ Auditor:_army_food_contract_should_be_terminated⠀⇛ The scandalous €220 million army food procurement was “outside” of the traditional defense agency procurement system, it was not well planned and the result was not in line with the needs of the army, according to the State Audit conclusion on June 7. * ⚓ Latvia ☛ BALTOPS_23_military_drills_taking_place_in_Kurzeme,_Latvia⠀⇛ From June 4 to 16, a large-scale annual international military exercise “BALTOPS 23″ takes place in the Baltic Sea region, with the participation of 19 NATO members and one ally, Sweden. * ⚓ LRT ☛ Russia_may_be_jamming_GPS_signal_over_Lithuania⠀⇛ Russia has been scrambling GPS signal over Estonia, the country’s authorities have confirmed to the Bloomberg news agency. Pilots flying over Lithuania have also reported their GPS signals being affected, according to the state air navigation company, Oro Navigacija. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Tech_CEOs_Urged_To_Create_Alliance_Of_‘Engineers_Against Dictators’_To_Open_Online_Space_In_Russia⠀⇛ Representatives of Russia’s independent media and Reporters Without Borders (RSF) have asked leading technology companies to create an alliance of “engineers against dictators” to prevent the total shutdown of Russia’s online informational space. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_Court_Sends_Several_Anti-War_Activists_To_Pretrial Detention_On_Extremism_Charges⠀⇛ A court in Moscow on June 8 sent four activists from the Vesna (Spring) youth movement to pretrial detention until at least August 5. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Romania_Tells_Russia_To_Reduce_Staff_At_Embassy_In_Bucharest⠀⇛ The Romanian government has informed Russia that it must reduce the number of diplomats and administrative staff at its embassy in Bucharest by 51 positions. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Federal_Judge_Dies_After_Apparent_Fall_From_High-Rise_Apartment In_Russia’s_Tatarstan⠀⇛ A federal judge has died after apparently falling from his 12th floor apartment in Kazan, the capital of Russia’s Republic of Tatarstan. * ⚓ The Strategist ☛ All_talk,_no_dialogue_on_Asian_security⠀⇛ The International Institute for Strategic Studies’ Shangri-La Dialogue, Asia’s largest security conference, has wrapped up its 2023 meeting in Singapore. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Blinken’s_Visit_to_Saudi_Arabia_Caps_Biden_Effort_to Rebuild_Ties⠀⇛ Biden aides are closely watching Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s overtures to China, his attitude toward Israel and his balancing act with Russia and Ukraine. * § War in Ukraine⠀➾ o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Ukraine_plot_to_attack_Russia-Germany_Nord_Stream pipeline_revealed:_Washington_Post⠀⇛ The Biden administration knew that Ukraine planned to attack a majority Russian-owned natural gas pipeline, owned by Nord Stream, three months ahead of an actual attack on the gas line, according to documents reviewed by the Washington Post. o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Russian_War_Report:_Satellite_imagery_analysis captures_flood_threat_after_dam’s_destruction⠀⇛ Satellite imagery of the Nova Kakhovka dam’s collapse reveals the extent of the damage caused by extreme flooding in Kherson Oblast. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Kherson_is_hit_by_Russian_shelling_hours_after_a Zelensky_visit.⠀⇛ Ukraine’s interior ministry said that eight people were injured in an attack near an evacuation point where medics, emergency workers and rescue teams have been gathering. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Satellite_Images_Show_Scale_of_Flooding_From Ukraine_Dam_Collapse⠀⇛ Photographs released by Planet Lab offer some of the clearest glimpses yet of the situation in cities and villages downstream from the destroyed Kakhovka dam in Ukraine. o ⚓ Axios ☛ What_to_watch_as_Ukraine’s_counter-offensive_heats_up⠀⇛ Ukrainian forces attacked Russian positions in the southeast of the country on Thursday as the country’s long-awaited_counteroffensive gets underway. Why it matters:Ukraine has spent six months preparing for this moment. Its forces are armed with Western artillery, tanks and training. But Russia’s military has also had ample time to entrench its positions and bring in additional forces. o ⚓ [Repeat] New York Times ☛ Rishi_Sunak_to_Talk_Tech_With_Biden, but_Ukraine_Is_Likely_to_Surface⠀⇛ While economic cooperation and the challenges posed by artificial intelligence are on the agenda, Russia’s invasion presents immediate threats. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_and_Sunak_Say_Their_Countries_Will_Support Ukraine_for_the_Long_Haul⠀⇛ The U.K. prime minister, on a tour of Washington meant to deepen economic and diplomatic ties with the United States, had a message for Russia: “We will be here as long as it takes.” o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Your_Friday_Briefing:_A_Major_Ukrainian Offensive⠀⇛ Also, a victory for voting rights in the U.S. o ⚓ Latvia ☛ Donations_to_Ukraine_jumped_after_Kakhovka_dam destruction⠀⇛ After the Russian occupation forces blew up the Kakhovka hydropower station and dam in Ukraine, which resulted in the flooding of large areas, Latvian people’s donations to Ukraine have increased, the head of the charity platform Ziedot.lv, Rūta Dimanta, told Latvian Radio on June 8. o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Can_Russia_be_held_accountable_for_the destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_dam?⠀⇛ Initial analysis indicates that Russia deliberately destroyed the Kakhovka dam in what would qualify as one of Moscow’s worst war crimes in Ukraine, but holding the Kremlin accountable will prove extremely difficult, writes Danielle Johnson. o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Kakhovka_dam_collapse_threatens_Europe’s largest_nuclear_plant⠀⇛ The blowing up of the Kakhovka dam in Russian-occupied southern Ukraine threatens to deprive the nearby Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant of vital water supplies and raises the threat of nuclear disaster, writes Suriya Evans-Pritchard Jayanti. o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Mapping_the_last_decade_of_Russia’s disinformation_and_influence_campaign_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ Since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia has continued its information operations, targeting more than just Ukraine, say speakers at a RightsCon event hosted by the Digital Forensic Research Lab. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.K._PM_Sunak_In_Washington_To_Talk_About_Ukraine_Aid, NATO_Leadership⠀⇛ British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak is meeting on June 8 with U.S. President Joe Biden at the White House to discuss the war in Ukraine and NATO’s future leadership. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ As_Ukraine_Assesses_Flood_Damage_After_Dam_Breach,_IAEA Says_Nuclear_Plant_Still_Getting_Cooling_Water_It_Needs⠀⇛ The Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant in Ukraine is still receiving water needed to cool its reactors despite the rupture of the Kakhovka dam, the IAEA said on June 8 as Ukraine assessed the damage caused by flooding and as President Volodymyr Zelenskiy addressed environmental activists. o ⚓ France24 ☛ Is_the_Kakhovka_dam_breach_a_hard_blow_to_the Ukrainian_counteroffensive?⠀⇛ The destruction on Tuesday of the Kakhovka dam, near the town of Kherson, has been seen by some as strategic blow to Ukrainian counteroffensive plans that have been in the works for months. But crossing the Dnipro River is not the only way Ukraine can regain territories occupied by Russia. o ⚓ France24 ☛ Russian_shelling_hits_flood-hit_Kherson_after_Zelensky visit,_says_Ukraine⠀⇛ Nine people were injured Thursday in Russian shelling in the Kherson region as it deals with massive flooding from the destruction of the Kakhovka dam, according to Ukrainian officials. The attacks came shortly after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky visited Kherson. Moscow meanwhile accused Ukraine of killing two people at an evacuation point in the Russian-controlled side of the Dnipro River. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.K._Unveils_New_Sanctions_Targeting_Russia’s_Ally Belarus⠀⇛ Britain announced new sanctions against Belarus on June 8 in its latest punishment for the country’s support of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and suppression of anti- government activists. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Officer_Accuses_Wagner_Group_Of_Abductions, Torture_Of_Russian_Military_Personnel⠀⇛ Russian Colonel Roman Vinivitin, who was captured by Wagner fighters in eastern Ukraine issued a video on June 8 accusing the private mercenary company of abducting Russian armed forces personnel and torturing them. o ⚓ teleSUR ☛ US_Prevents_Ukraine_From_Settling_Conflict_With Russia⠀⇛ The Ukrainian government withdrew from peace talks because of U.S. pressure, according to Nikolay Patrushev. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ NATO_Officials_‘Committed’_To_Ukraine_Victory_Ahead_Of Alliance_Summit_Set_To_Discuss_Enlargement⠀⇛ NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg and U.S. Ambassador to NATO Julianne Smith said on June 7 that NATO funding will be a major topic at the military alliance’s summit next month in Vilnius along with enlargement and security guarantees. o ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Repels_Ukrainian_Attack_in_Zaporozhye⠀⇛ As a result of the two-hour fight, the Ukrainian Army lost 30 tanks, 11 armored infantry vehicles, and some 350 personnel, the Russian Defense Minister said. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Forces_Shell_Kherson_Shortly_After_Zelenskiy Visit_To_Areas_Hit_By_Flooding⠀⇛ Russian forces shelled the Kherson area shortly after Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy on June 8 visited the southern region where rescue teams are working to save thousands of people trapped by catastrophic flooding caused by the rupture of a major dam on the Dnieper River. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ EU Agency_Calls_For_Longer-Term_Prospects_For_Ukrainian Refugees⠀⇛ EU governments should make preparations to integrate refugees from Ukraine permanently, according to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights. o ⚓ RFERL ☛ Council_Of_Europe_Envoy_Calls_Russian_Rights_Defender Oleg_Orlov’s_Trial_‘Travesty_Of_Justice’⠀⇛ The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Dunja Mijatovic has called the trial of Oleg Orlov, a leader of the liquidated Memorial Human Rights Center in Moscow, over the alleged discrediting of Russian forces involved in Kremlin’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine “a travesty of justice.” o ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_True_Purpose_of_Ukraine’s_Counteroffensive⠀⇛ Kyiv needs to show Russians that the war is not worth fighting. o ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Biden,_Sunak_vow_to_stick_together_on Ukraine,_deepen_cooperation_on_clean_energy_transition,_AI⠀⇛ o ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ At_French_Open,_Ukrainian_tennis_stars_seek_Russian support⠀⇛ In Paris, the long shadow of the Ukraine war has complicated rivalries among Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian players in the French Open tennis tournament. o ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Dam_collapse:_Zelenskyy_mobilizes_aid_for_devastated Kherson⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Zelenskyy visits flood-hit Kherson, assessing evacuation efforts and aid provision. The mayor of the Russian-occupied town of Nova Kakhovka reports five deaths and ongoing evacuation of the remaining two residents after the dam breach. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Attacks_Russian_Positions_as_Signs_of Counteroffensive_Grow⠀⇛ The assaults, with Western tanks and armored vehicles, appear to mark a long-awaited counteroffensive that Ukraine hopes will retake territory and shore up allies’ resolve to keep supplying weapons. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Zelensky_Visits_Kherson,_and_Russia_Shells Flooded_City⠀⇛ President Volodymyr Zelensky traveled to the city of Kherson, trying to rally rescue crews. Russian forces shelled the city not long after his visit. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Cross-Border_Skirmishes_Heighten_Anxiety_for Ukrainian_Villagers⠀⇛ Even as new attacks have brought the war into Russia, the Russians have responded with force, raising the threat for the few civilians left in towns along the border. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Mounts_Major_Offensive_Against_Russian Lines_in_South⠀⇛ A senior U.S. official said that fighting appeared to be a main thrust in Kyiv’s long-awaited counteroffensive to retake land captured by Russia. § Environment⠀➾ * ⚓ LRT ☛ Earth_turning_into_ash_as_Lithuania_hit_with_intense_drought⠀⇛ At least a third of crops are expected to be lost as Lithuania’s farmers battle with an intense drought. Forest fires are also causing concern. * § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ o ⚓ H2 View ☛ Clean_Hydrogen_Partnership_looks_to_bolster_European cooperation_and_gives_hydrogen_hubs_update⠀⇛ The Clean Hydrogen Partnership is looking for regional and national Managing Authorities from the EU-27 and Horizon Europe associated countries with which to develop cooperation in relevant key areas for hydrogen development. o ⚓ H2 View ☛ India’s_IH2A_submits_$5bn_national_green_hydrogen_hub plan_to_government⠀⇛ The India Hydrogen Alliance (IH2A) has submitted a National Green Hydrogen Hub Economic Viability and Development Plan to the government, with potential to create five large National Green Hydrogen Corporations collectively worth $5bn by 2030. o ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Three_challenges_in_cryptocurrency regulation⠀⇛ Cryptocurrency regulators around the world face multiple challenges. They must protect customers and put in place safeguards to prevent the next FTX-style collapse, all while coordinating across diverse jurisdictions. o ⚓ LRT ☛ Public_transport_in_Vilnius_to_be_free_during_NATO_summit⠀⇛ Public transport in Vilnius will be free on July 10-13, the Vilnius City Council decided on Wednesday. * § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ o ⚓ YLE ☛ Saimaa_seals_relocated_to_protect_fragile_population’s genetic_diversity⠀⇛ For the first time in more than 30 years, biologists translocated two of the highly endangered seals within their natural habitat. The moves were aimed at bolstering the population’s dwindling genetic diversity. o ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Delivery_Drivers_Share_What_It’s_Like Delivering_in_Hazardous_Wildfire_Smoke⠀⇛ Drivers are delivering through Canadian wildfire smoke with coughing fits, low visibility, and no protection from their company. o ⚓ France24 ☛ US_East_Coast_blanketed_in_hazardous_smog_from Canadian_wildfire⠀⇛ Schools across the US East Coast canceled outdoor activities, commercial airline traffic was slowed and millions of Americans were urged to stay indoors on Wednesday as smoke from Canadian wildfires drifted south, blanketing cities in a thick yellowish haze. * § Overpopulation⠀➾ o ⚓ Overpopulation ☛ The_Population_Factor_back_by_popular_demand⠀⇛ In 2020 and 2021, I recorded two seasons of the TV show The Population Factor. Each episode features in-depth conversations focused on a particular aspect of the population/environment connection. Check out seasons one (hour-long episodes) and two (half-hour episodes), all available for free streaming at the links below. by Phil Cafaro Season 1 Episode 1. § Finance⠀➾ * ⚓ YLE ☛ Cost_of_summer_cottages_varies_widely_across_Finland⠀⇛ The costs associated with maintaining a summer cottage differ by hundreds of euros a year in different locations. * ⚓ YLE ☛ Finnish_police,_EU_partners_crack_down_on_cross-border_tax evasion⠀⇛ The suspects allegedly used complex trading schemes to commit tax fraud and move company shares around dividend payment dates. * ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_Next_Crisis_Will_Start_With_Empty_Office_Buildings⠀⇛ Commercial real estate is losing value fast. * ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Talent_Agency_YMU_Hits_Financial_Turbulence_with Nearly_$90M_in_Debt_—_Report⠀⇛ Talent agency YMU hits financial turbulence with lending debts nearing $90 million. U.K.-based Talent management agency YMU Group (You, Me & Us), which features a transatlantic music division, is exploring options for financial restructuring, according to Sky News. * ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Combating_the_cyber_heists_that_are_costing_the_global economy⠀⇛ Across the world, governments and businesses depend on the transformative powers of digital technology to drive economic growth. * ⚓ European Commission ☛ Keynote_speech_by_Commissioner_McGuinness_at_the Joint_EC-ECB_Conference_on_European_Financial_Integration_2023_on_‘A strong_European_financial_system_for_the_future:_working_towards_Banking Union_and_Capital_Markets_Union’ [Ed: EU for bankers, not for people]⠀⇛ European Commission Speech Brussels, 07 Jun 2023 So very good morning everyone. I’m very pleased to be here too, because one never knows what will get in the way. * ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Smartsheet_shares_drop_on_free_cash_flow_outlook_miss⠀⇛ Shares in Smartsheet Inc. dropped by nearly 20% in late trading today after the management platform provider missed on its free cash flow outlook. ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Portland_bans_daytime_camping,_imposes_other restrictions⠀⇛ Officials in Portland, Oregon, have voted to pass an ordinance prohibiting camping during daytime hours in most public places as the city struggles to address a longtime homelessness crisis. The 3- 1 council vote Wednesday changes city code to say that people may camp in nonrestricted areas from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m., but after that they must dismantle their sites until the permitted overnight hours begin again. The ordinance also bans all camping near schools, parks and other locations. The measure aims to bring Portland into compliance with a state law taking effect July 1. That law bars local governments from prohibiting camping outright but lets them have certain limits on where, when and how camps are set up. ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_may_miss_goal_of_building_12,000_public housing_flats_on_Fanling_golf_course⠀⇛ Hong Kong authorities may not be able to meet their initial goal of building 12,000 public housing flats on the Fanling golf course, the city’s development chief has said, as she reaffirmed the government’s intention to build on the site. ⚓ France24 ☛ French_parliament_speaker_to_block_attempt_to_repeal_pension reform_law⠀⇛ The speaker of France’s parliament said Wednesday she would block an attempt to repeal a recent law raising the retirement age which was enacted after months of protests. ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ GOP_conservatives_shutter_House_to_protest McCarthy-Biden_debt_deal,_setting_up_next_budget_brawl⠀⇛ Speaker Kevin McCarthy is suddenly confronting a new threat to his power. Angry hard-right conservatives have brought the House chamber to a halt, reviving their displeasure over the debt ceiling deal struck with President Joe Biden. McCarthy brushed off the disruption as healthy political debate — not too different from the 15-vote spectacle it took in January for him to finally convince his colleagues to elect him as speaker. But it’s a foreshadowing of the next budget fight as Congress tries to fund the government at the levels agreed to, or risk a federal shutdown in fall. ⚓ CBS ☛ Unemployment_aid_applications_jump_to_highest_level_since_October_2021 [Ed: Huge proportion of USians of adult/working age not working. This downplays the real situation.]⠀⇛ ⚓ Forbes ☛ Jobless_Claims_Unexpectedly_Surge_To_Highest_Level_Since_October 2021⠀⇛ ⚓ ABC ☛ US_applications_for_jobless_benefits_highest_since_October_2021⠀⇛ The number of Americans applying for unemployment benefits last week rose to its highest level since October 2021, but the labor market remains one of the healthiest parts of the U.S. economy. The Labor Department reported Thursday that U.S. applications for jobless claims were 261,000 for the week ending June 3, an increase of 28,000 from the previous week’s 233,000. Weekly jobless claims are considered representative of U.S. layoffs. The four-week moving average of claims, which evens out some of the weekly variations, rose by 7,500 to 237,250. ⚓ India Times ☛ ‘No_Job_Despite_280_Applications,’_Former_Microsoft_Techie Shares_Ordeal_Two_Months_After_Layoff⠀⇛ The first quarter of 2023 was a miserable time for many tech giants’ employees. From Google, Intel, Dell, and HP to Microsoft, many tech giants announced mass layoffs that affected thousands of employees. Following that, many affected employees shared their ordeal and a former Microsoft employee was the latest one to do. ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Despite_earnings_beat,_soft_guidance_weighs_on_HashiCorp’s stock [Ed: HashiCorp layoffs. A Microsoft proxy of sorts.]⠀⇛ Infrastructure-as-code technology firm HashiCorp Inc. beat expectations in its latest financial results today as it announced spending cuts and an 8% reduction in its workforce. But its guidance for the second quarter came up light, sending its stock way lower in extended trading. ⚓ Quartz ☛ A_quarter_of_Indian_youth_are_unemployed,_worse_than_Indonesia_and Bangladesh⠀⇛ Nearly a quarter of Indians aged between 15 and 24 were jobless in 2022. Countries in the neighborhood such as Indonesia, Bangladesh, and even Bhutan, did better on this front, according to World Bank. ⚓ Quartz ☛ There’s_never_been_a_better_time_in_the_US_to_be_an_electrician⠀⇛ The number of electricians employed in the US is at an all-time high in April, and they’re being paid better than ever. But can America sustain the supply of skilled tradespeople needed for these roles? ⚓ Inflation_is_making_luxury_handbags_‘unaffordable_to_an_aspirational_buyer’⠀⇛ According to McKinsey & Company, for the first time in more than two years, “high-income consumers’ spending growth was negative. In fact, they’ve reduced their spending more aggressively than lower-income groups have.” ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Eurozone_sinks_into_recession⠀⇛ The eurozone entered into a technical recession at the start of the year, according to revised data, as rising inflation hit consumer spending. The economy shrank by 0.1pc for a second consecutive quarter in the first three months of 2023, figures from the EU’s statistic agency showed. Eurostat revised down an earlier forecast that had predicted slight growth, after the continent’s largest economy Germany said last month it had fallen into recession. It had previously estimated that the eurozone economy had expanded by 0.1pc in the first quarter of the year. ⚓ New_Data_Shows_UK_Tech_Investment_Fell_57%_in_2023⠀⇛ UK technology companies raised £5.9 billion during the first half of 2023 in the sharpest funding decline across Europe, according to a new report. Data shows that UK tech investment fell by 57% year-over-year, while France decreased by 55% and Germany by 44%, according to analysis from investment firm Atomico. In the State of European Tech – 2023 First Look report, investment overall has taken a dramatic hit from record highs in 2021, though it appears to show signs of stabilising. Across Europe, total investment is set to reach about $50bn (£40.8bn) for 2023 as a whole, based on its current trajectory. That’s a massive 50% drop compared to the record highs of 2021, which saw $106bn (£85bn) of investment, and a 38% drop from 2022. § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ * ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ NYT’s_Pre-DOJ_Meeting_Attempted_Rebuttal⠀⇛ Days before Trump’s lawyers complained to Jack Smith about how Trump’s attorney-witnesses were treated the NYT attempted to rebut a report that Evan Corcoran was “waved off” searching locations besides the storage closet more interesting. * ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Dry_Run:_The_Filing_Room_Came_to_Trump⠀⇛ After it became public that Trump had returned hundreds of classified records in January 2022, Trump denied he had been in the filing room sorting classified documents. DOJ likely now has abundant evidence that the filing room came to him. * ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ The_Thirteenth_Amendment⠀⇛ What political rights do we have as citizens of the United States? * ⚓ YLE ☛ Survey:_People_in_Finland_increasingly_interested_in_next_year’s EU_elections⠀⇛ People in the EU are concerned about the economy and their own personal financial situation, according to results of the latest Eurobarometer. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Greece_Could_Have_3rd_Elections_if_There_is_No_Majority⠀⇛ Under the electoral system, the more parties enter Parliament, the more difficult it will be for the absolute winner to reach majority as the required threshold increases to 41 percent. * ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Trump_Cards:_The_weaponization_of_bad_press⠀⇛ Whether it’s felony indictments involving hush money, a civil suit surrounding a ’90s rape accusation or a new case involving his former personal attorney, there seems to be no end to the legal troubles former President Donald Trump is facing. * ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Iran_is_playing_musical_chairs_with_leadership positions._None_of_these_individuals_have_been_sanctioned.⠀⇛ Playing musical chairs with leadership positions provides opportunities to recalibrate and update coercive economic measures on Iran. * ⚓ France24 ☛ Justice_Department_informs_Trump_he_is_target_of_classified documents_probe⠀⇛ Federal prosecutors have notified former US President Donald Trump’s attorneys he is the target of an investigation into his handling of classified materials, a person familiar with the matter said on Wednesday, adding to his legal troubles as he campaigns for the White House in 2024. * ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Connecticut_to_adjourn_largely_bipartisan session_in_contrast_to_rancor_in_other_states⠀⇛ The Democratic-controlled Connecticut General Assembly is poised to wrap up what’s been one of the most bipartisan legislative sessions in recent memory. It’s a marked contrast from the partisan rancor seen in other legislatures this year. Democratic and Republican lawmakers are crediting old fashioned relationship-building, a willingness for compromise, a healthy budget surplus and the strict midnight adjournment on Wednesday. Even so, not every advocate is thrilled with this year’s political compromises, especially when it comes to the state budget. Meanwhile, lawmakers have walked out in Oregon, expelled members in Tennessee and silenced a Montana representative. * ⚓ Axios ☛ House_GOP_drops_plan_to_hold_FBI_director_in_contempt⠀⇛ The Republican-led House Oversight Committee on Wednesday dropped its plans to advance a measure holding_FBI_Director Christopher_Wray_in_contempt of Congress. Why it matters:The contempt push was the closest House Republicans have come to direct action against an executive branch official as part of their vast array of probes into the Biden administration. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Algeria,_Guyana,_Korea,_Sierra_Leone,_and_Slovenia_Join UNSC⠀⇛ The new members of the United Nations Security Council will replace Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, and the United Arab Emirates. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Fiji’s_prime_minister_says_policing_agreement_with_China_under review⠀⇛ The Pacific island nation is balancing economic ties with China and traditional security relations with the West. * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong’s_Jimmy_Lai_files_appeal_against rejection_of_attempt_to_challenge_national_security_committee_decision⠀⇛ Hong Kong pro-democracy media mogul Jimmy Lai has filed an appeal against the High Court’s rejection of his attempt to challenge a national security committee decision which effectively barred a foreign lawyer from representing him, local media reported. Lai, 75, is currently facing trial under the Beijing-imposed national security law and the colonial-era sedition law. * ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Fiji_&_New_Zealand_Reaffirm_Close_Relationship⠀⇛ “New Zealand and Fiji are connected by a kinship forged in Pacific culture, identity, and interests…” * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Former_Kazakh_President_Nazarbaev’s_Office_Being_Canceled⠀⇛ The office of former Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbaev, known as the office of the First President of Kazakhstan, will cease to exist within the next 45 days, the Central Asian nation’s Finance Minister Erulan Zhamaubaev said on June 7. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Mother,_sister_killed_after_militiaman_accused_of_Myanmar singer’s_murder⠀⇛ Pro-junta militia shot dead the preschool teachers in their Yangon region home. * § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ o ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Japan_targeted_by_Chinese_propaganda_and_covert online_campaign⠀⇛ The Chinese Communist Party is ramping up a multi-year propaganda and covert social media campaign focusing on Japan’s plans to release wastewater from the earthquake- stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ilhom_Theater_In_Tashkent_Stages_‘Reading’_Of_Play_Of_Jailed Russian_Director_Berkovich⠀⇛ The Ilhom Theater in the Uzbek capital, Tashkent, has staged what it called “a reading” of a play by jailed Russian theater director Yevgenia Berkovich and playwright Svetlana Petriichuk, who were arrested in May in Moscow on a charge of justification of terrorism through the play. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Human_Rights_Group’s_Websites_Blocked_For_Unspecified Reasons⠀⇛ Russian human rights group OVD-Info said on June 8 that its two websites had been blocked by the country’s media watchdog, Roskomnadzor, without explanation. § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ * ⚓ New Yorker ☛ What_the_Shakeup_at_CNN_Says_About_the_Future_of_Cable News⠀⇛ Will Chris Licht’s attempts to move the network toward the center outlast his own brief tenure as C.E.O.? * ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Chris_Licht’s_Fundamental_Mistake⠀⇛ The ousted CNN executive failed to grasp the altered landscape of American politics. * ⚓ France24 ☛ CNN_ousts_CEO_Chris_Licht_after_Trump_town_hall,_tumultuous tenure⠀⇛ CNN ousted chief executive Chris Licht after a tumultuous year leading the struggling news network that culminated in a damning magazine profile and the growing realization that he’d lost the confidence of the network’s journalists. * ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Barclay_family_says_reports_Telegraph_owner_will_enter administration_are_‘unfounded’⠀⇛ Telegraph and Spectator will be put up for sale in days to pay debts, reports. * ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Decline_of_print_and_beef_ban_help_Guardian_reduce greenhouse_gas_emissions [Ed: Now the greenewashing reaches laughable new lows...]⠀⇛ Print remains a valuable revenue stream for The Guardian’s publisher. § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ * ⚓ New York Times ☛ Justices_Thomas_and_Alito_Delay_Release_of_Financial Disclosures⠀⇛ The justices asked for extensions to file annual forms that detail gifts, travel and real estate holdings. * ⚓ YLE ☛ Wednesday’s_papers:_Union_worries,_foreign_graduate_employment and_a_€121,000_speeding_fine⠀⇛ Speeding fines in Finland are linked to income, and can therefore be pretty large. * ⚓ RFA ☛ Uyghur_hatmaker_and_wife_confirmed_to_have_died_in_prison_in Xinjiang⠀⇛ Authorities arrested them in 2017 for ‘illegal’ religious activities. * ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Nursing_professor_placed_on_leave_amid_misconduct allegations⠀⇛ Content warning: this article contains descriptions of sexual harassment and abuse. On May 11, Patricia Hurn, Dean of the School of Nursing, announced that Professor Robert Stephenson had been placed on paid administrative leave. * ⚓ LRT ☛ Detaining_migrants_unconstitutional,_rules_Lithuanian_court⠀⇛ The detention of migrants who crossed the border irregularly was unconstitutional, Lithuania’s Constitutional Court ruled on Wednesday. * ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Activists_and_experts_assemble_in_Costa_Rica_to protect_human_rights_in_the_digital_age⠀⇛ Our Digital Forensic Research Lab is convening top tech thinkers and human-rights defenders at RightsCon to collaborate on an agenda for advancing rights globally. * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Six_Arrested_In_Romania,_Germany,_Bulgaria_In_Probe_Of_People- Smuggling_Ring⠀⇛ Six people have been arrested in Romania, Germany, and Bulgaria in raids targeting a network alleged to have smuggled hundreds of migrants into Romania and Germany, officials said. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Encouraging_Readers_to_Harass_Person_for_Alleged_Sexual Misconduct_Creates_Jurisdiction_in_Person’s_Home_State⠀⇛ From Lord v. Smith, decided last Friday by Judge Virginia Kendall (N.D. Ill.), reaffirming an earlier decision: Both Lord and Smith are professional online gamers with millions of followers on streaming platforms and social media. They use the handles Ohmwrecker and H2O Delirious, respectively. Lord alleges that Smith began a defamatory online harassment campaign, accusing… * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Richard_Branson_Calls_For_Release_From_Prison_Of_Iranian_Rapper Salehi⠀⇛ Billionaire entrepreneur and philanthropist Richard Branson has called for Iranian authorities to release popular rapper Toomaj Salehi, whose health has reportedly deteriorated since he was arrested during Tehran’s clampdown on nationwide anti- government protests in October * ⚓ RFA ☛ Cambodia_threatens_fines,_prison_for_those_urging_election boycott⠀⇛ The warning comes after the main opposition party was excluded from the July 23 national vote. § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ SANS ☛ Management_of_DMARC_control_for_email_impersonation_of_domains in_the_.co_TLD_–_part_2,_(Wed,_Jun_7th)⠀⇛ In my previous DMARC_diary, I was discussing how DMARC control is handled on all CO domains from April 2023 and provided the detail about this control for com.co domains. * ⚓ PR Web ☛ Secure64_Software_Corporation,_announces_the_launch_of_its next_generation_of_Secure64_DNS_Caching™_and_DNS_Authority™_platforms.⠀⇛ * ⚓ The Verge ☛ Louisiana_passes_bill_banning_kids_from_the_internet without_parental_consent_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ State lawmakers in Louisiana passed a new bill banning minors from creating their own social media accounts without the explicit consent of a parent or guardian. § Monopolies⠀➾ * § Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ Celebrating_30_years_of_innovation_in_Slovakia⠀⇛ On 31 May, the Industrial Property Office of the Slovak Republic (SK IPO) hosted an event to commemorate the 30th anniversary since its founding, as well as three decades of innovation in Slovakia. o ⚓ JURIST ☛ EU_starts_infringement_proceedings_against_Poland_over new_Russian_influence_law [Ed: Whilst at the same time the EC (European Commission) violates constitutions, breaks the law, and violates international conventions to make up a bogus 'court', a kangaroo courts, for fake patent monopolies granted by a corrupt office that intentionally violates the EPC]⠀⇛ The European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against member state Poland on Thursday over the country’s recently-passed law aimed at officials who have allegedly come under Russian influence. o ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ Unified_Patent_Court:_465.247_opt-outs_in the_sunrise_period [Ed: Unified Patent Court is illegal, but Team UPC keeps trying to distract from the crime but talking about something minor and irrelevant; this system is in crisis because corruption has become the norm by now. Team UPC knows that it's doing something illegal. Deep inside it always knows that, but it hopes critics will "move on" or "forget about it"...]⠀⇛ o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ AdaptFlow_media_serving_patent_challenged_in reexam⠀⇛ On June 6, 2023, Unified Patents filed an ex parte reexamination proceeding against U.S._Patent_10,015,064, owned and asserted by AdaptFlow Technologies LLC, an NPE. The ’064 patent generally relates to prefetching content based on an access pattern of a user on a network. The patent is currently being asserted against Roku. o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $2,000_awarded_for_Fortress_IP_entity_Neo Wireless_’908_patent_prior_art⠀⇛ Unified is pleased to announce PATROLL crowdsourcing contest winner, Ketan_Sachdeva, who was awarded a cash award of $2,000 for his prior art submissions on U.S. Patent_10,833,908, owned by Neo Wireless, LLC, an NPE and Fortress_IP entity. * § Trademarks⠀➾ o ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTAB_Grants_ARTNCRAFT_Cancellation_Petition: Respondent’s_Amazon_Take-Down_Notice_Excused_Petitioner’s Subsequent_Nonuse⠀⇛ The Board granted a petition to cancel a registration for the mark ARTNCRAFT for, inter alia, ceramic knobs and pulls, finding confusion likely with petitioner’s identical, prior-used common law mark for overlapping goods. Respondent claimed that petitioner abandoned his mark through nonuse for a period of three years, beginning in 2019. But the Board found the nonuse excusable because it resulted from respondent’s Amazon take-down notice. Vardhman_Sancheti_v._Bhupendra_Tekwani DBA_Artncraft, Cancellation No. 92077340 (June 5, 2023) [not precedential] (Opinion by Judge Cynthia C. Lynch). * § Copyrights⠀➾ o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ SM_Entertainment_Employee_Fires_Back_Amid EXO_Dispute_—_As_Fans_Call_Out_the_K-Pop_Company’s_‘Misleading Statements_in_the_Media’⠀⇛ The much-publicized showdown between SM Entertainment and EXO is continuing to heat up, as an SM employee is refuting the idea that the boy band’s members were duped into signing predatory and difficult-to-understand contracts. This newest twist in the high-stakes dispute just recently came to light in reports from regional outlets. § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ * § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ o ⚓ Christina’s_5_questions⠀⇛ My generation’s mass affect was supposedly depressive hedonism, which I didn’t totally embody either. Most of my friends in adolesc- ence & young adulthood, when generational id- entity forms, were 5-10 years older or raised in the Soviet Union. I strongly identified with (grand)Pa’s & (great-grandma) Meme’s narratives of their childhoods. The concept of duty, for example, had outsize importance to me. Nonethe- less, I understand depressive hedonism (and its drug, MDMA/ecstasy) better than cruel optimism (and its drug, xanax). o ⚓ hi⠀⇛ tomorrow is Friday it is a good day everyone likes it unless you don’t * § Science⠀➾ o ⚓ Adventures_in_Autoimmune_Diseases⠀⇛ Four years ago, I woke up with pain and stiffness in my hands. Within a few days, it had spread to my feet. Within a couple of weeks, it was making it hard to sleep. I was terrified. Everything seemed to point to rheumatoid arthritis – an extremely unpleasant disorder that, in time, results in loss of function – and it seemed like my fears were confirmed when a blood test at my primary-care provider came back with a positive rheumatoid factor. * § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ o § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Social_media_presence⠀⇛ So, where am I currently to be found? You’ve come to the right place. This is my blog! http://alexschroeder.ch/ I hang out in IRC for chat. If you don’t have a chat client, I’ve installed a web client for you to use, if you want. It’s hosted on Campaign Wiki, but you can use it to connect to other servers, too. If you’d like to be constantly connected, I can get you an account. https://talk.campaignwiki.org/ =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5140 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.09.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_09/06/2023:_Tor_Browser_12.0.7_and_Many_Linux_Devices⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:44 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers # Chromium # Mozilla o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o Openness/Sharing/Collaboration # Open_Data o Programming/Development # Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh * Leftovers o Science o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance # Confidentiality o Defence/Aggression o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Patents_and_EU # Software_Patents # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Technology_and_Free_Software # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes Blog ☛ Blog:_dl.k8s.io_to_adopt_a_Content Delivery_Network⠀⇛ We’re happy to announce that dl.k8s.io, home of the official Kubernetes binaries, will soon be powered by Fastly. Fastly is known for its high-performance content delivery network (CDN) designed to deliver content quickly and reliably around the world. With its powerful network, Fastly will help us deliver official Kubernetes binaries to users faster and more reliably than ever before. The decision to use Fastly was made after an extensive evaluation process in which we carefully evaluated several potential content delivery network providers. Ultimately, we chose Fastly because of their commitment to the open internet and proven track record of delivering fast and secure digital experiences to some of the most known open source projects (through their Fast Forward program). o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ 10_Best_Virtualization_Software_for_Linux⠀⇛ Virtualization software is prevalent because of its use cases and benefits. You get to experiment, test, or run software that requires a specific OS version. Virtualization provides an abstract concept of computer hardware to help you create virtual machines (VMs), networks, storage, and more. The benefits include isolation, security, and the freedom to test things to your heart’s extent. Different types of virtualization software cater to desktop users, server administrators, and enterprises. While I list all kinds of virtualization software, I mention who it is for. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ Let’s_Encrypt_(really_ACME)_has_a decent_reason_for_(still)_using_CSRs⠀⇛ As I found out a while back (in this entry), the ACME protocol that Let’s Encrypt invented and used submits its actual requests for TLS certificates as Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs), despite CSRs being famously complicated things that are theoretically full of information that Let’s Encrypt and ACME don’t care about. The story I heard was that this was initially done because Let’s Encrypt worried that the Certificate Authority Baseline Requirements might require CSRs to properly issue a TLS certificate, but recently Matthew McPherrin shared a different and great reason on the Fediverse: [...] # ⚓ Geshan ☛ A_beginner’s_guide_to_running_Elasticsearch_with Docker_and_Docker_Compose⠀⇛ Elasticsearch is a powerful, open-source search and analytics engine built on top of the Apache Lucene library. It provides a distributed, scalable, and high-performance platform for storing, searching, and analyzing data in real time. With Elasticsearch, you can quickly index large volumes of data and retrieve relevant information using complex queries. Its versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of use cases, including logging, monitoring, and e-commerce applications. # ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Can_you_follow_your_own_getting_started guide?⠀⇛ And there is was! I changed a false to a true and everything started working. Being the good netizen that I am, I sent a pull request to fix the documentation. And then it struck me. There’s no CI/CD for documentation. # ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ How_To_Dual_Boot_Windows_And_Pop!_OS⠀⇛ Welcome to the comprehensive guide on setting up Dual Boot Windows and Pop!_OS. Whether you’re a Linux enthusiast looking to explore the world of Pop!_OS or a Windows user who wants to dip your toes into the open-source ecosystem, this guide is here to assist you every step of the way. In this guide, we will walk you through the step-by-step process of setting up a dual-boot configuration with Windows 10 and the latest release of Pop!_OS, version 22.04. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ How_to_Upgrade_to_openSUSE_Leap_15.5_from_Leap 15.4⠀⇛ This guide shows you the step-by-step process to upgrade to openSUSE Leap 15.5 from Leap 15.4 to enjoy the latest features and improvements! # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_fix_unzip_command_not_found_on_Linux⠀⇛ If you tried to unzip a zip file recently and you couldn’t get it done because of the errors ” unzip command not found or “bash: /usr/bin/unzip: No such file or directory” These errors indicate that unzip is either not installed on your system, # ⚓ nixCraft ☛ How_to_upgrade_OpenSUSE_15.4_to_15.5_using_the CLI⠀⇛ The latest version of OpenSUSE Linux, version 15.5 “Leap,” has been released. This version offers unparalleled stability due to its use of the SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) source and community developments. Hence, this makes it the best choice for a stable Linux experience for users, developers, and system administrators. This page explains how to upgrade from OpenSUSE 15.4 to 15.5 using the CLI. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Microsoft_SQL_Server_on Ubuntu_20.04 [Ed: No, it does not run on GNU/Linux, it runs on DrawBridge, so this headline is misleading, relaying Microsoft's deception]⠀⇛ Microsoft SQL Server is a premier relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Microsoft Inc. Renowned for its sophisticated capabilities and robust structure, it primarily operates on the structured query language (SQL) to manage, manipulate, and retrieve data within various types of databases. # ⚓ Purism ☛ The_Silicon_Valley_Matrix-_How_To_Break_Free_From Internet_Centralization!⠀⇛ The Silicon Valley Matrix Has You… Like the movie the Matrix, internet end users have been enslaved to produce highly valuable information by the very tech giants the internet end user patronizes with their trust, loyalty, and hard-earned money. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Express.js_on_Ubuntu_22.04_| 20.04⠀⇛ In the pantheon of modern web development, Express.js holds a distinguished position as a premier framework. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Node.js_on_Rocky_Linux_9/8⠀⇛ Node.js is a powerful, open-source JavaScript runtime built on Google’s high-performance V8 JavaScript engine. What sets it apart is its ability to execute JavaScript outside the context of a web browser, hence extending the boundaries of JavaScript from just client-side scripting to crafting server-side applications and command-line tools. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Chromium_Browser_on_Rocky Linux_9/8⠀⇛ As we navigate the expansive digital landscape, having a reliable and adaptable web browser is not just a convenience, it’s a necessity. # ⚓ How_to_Set_Timezone_on_Ubuntu?⠀⇛ Having an accurate timezone is crucial for streamlining processes on a Linux-based or a Debian-based Operating system, especially if you are running VPS Servers or scheduled cron jobs. Moreover, if you are a Linux System Administrator executing pipeline integration (for example, Jenkins), then having the correct timezone becomes all the more important. This tutorial will illustrate the process of setting the timezone in Ubuntu using different methods. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Blocking_IPs_on_Nginx⠀⇛ Hello, friends. In this post, you will learn about blocking IPs in Nginx. This allows you to have a very exhaustive control over the access to the server. Nginx is one of the best web services available today. Its speed in processing requests makes it very popular among sysadmins. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_ImageMagick_on_Rocky_Linux 9/8⠀⇛ In the ever-expanding world of software tools and libraries, ImageMagick stands tall as a premier solution for image processing. This open-source software suite, known for its flexibility and robust functionality, handles an impressive array of image formats and operations. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_PyCharm_on_Linux_Mint_21/ 20⠀⇛ As an integral part of the JetBrains family, PyCharm is a widely recognized Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that offers a suite of tools exclusively for Python developers. It leverages a compelling combination of first-class features designed to improve developer efficiency, such as intelligent code assistance, smart code navigation, and seamless version control integration. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_GNU_Emacs_on_Linux_Mint_21/ 20⠀⇛ Among the myriad of open-source tools that power the digital universe, GNU Emacs stands out as a legendary text editor in the realm of Unix and Linux operating systems. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Alternatives_to_popular_CLI_tools:_ps⠀⇛ We explore free and open source alternatives to ps, a command that reports a snapshot of the current processes. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Overkill_drops_Linux_support_for_PAYDAY_2⠀⇛ PAYDAY 2 came to Linux officially back in 2016 but as of today they’ve removed support for it, so it will no longer see updates on the Native Linux version. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Check_out_the_new_trailer_for_Cyber Knights:_Flashpoint_a_squad-tactics_heist_RPG⠀⇛ Currently in development from Trese Brothers who made Star Traders: Frontiers and Templar Battleforce, the upcoming Cyber Knights: Flashpoint looks exciting. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Three_Minutes_To_Eight_announced_by developer_of_ENCODYA_and_Clunky_Hero⠀⇛ Three Minutes To Eight is the latest game coming from Chaosmonger Studio following ENCODYA and Clunky Hero, this time with publishing help from Assemble Entertainment. Announced during the the Guerilla Collective showcase it’s due to arrive later this year. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ GuliKit_reveal_an_upgraded_anti-drift thumbstick_module_for_Steam_Deck⠀⇛ While the Steam Deck is a fantastic handheld devices, there’s always going to be ways to make it better and GuliKit just revealed an upgraded version of their anti-drift thumbstick mod. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Use_a_camera_to_solve_puzzles_in_hand-drawn adventure_TOEM⠀⇛ TOEM, a hand-drawn black and white adventure puzzle game from developer Something We Made now has a Native Linux build available. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Fantasy_buddy-cop_RPG_‘My_Familiar’_looks great_with_a_demo_up⠀⇛ Up for trying out a new buddy-cop RPG? My Familiar has a fantastic art-style and really looks like something that could be a bit special. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Colony_building_strategy_game_Imagine_Earth adds_Linux_support⠀⇛ Imagine Earth from developer Serious Bros that originally released back in May 2021 just got upgraded, and now it has Native Linux support. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Ubuntu_Blog:_Technical_deep-dive_into_a_real-time kernel⠀⇛ Canonical announced the general availability of Ubuntu’s real-time kernel earlier this year. Since then, our community raised several questions regarding the workings of the kernel and tuning guidelines. We aim to provide answers in this and an upcoming follow-up post.  Depending on your background knowledge, you may wish to start with the basics of preemption and a real-time system. In that case, this introductory webinar or our blog series on what is real-time Linux, is for you. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Celebrating_5801_young_people’s_digital creations_at_Coolest_Projects_2023⠀⇛ An absolutely huge congratulations to each and every single young creator who participated in Coolest Projects 2023, our digital technology showcase for young people! 5801 young people from 37 countries took part. This year’s participants made projects that entertained, inspired, and wowed us — creators showcased everything from robotic arms to platformer games. We celebrated… # ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ “Alexa,_start_the_car”:_warm_up_your_car remotely_with_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ The Pi Zero runs Home Assistant and talks to the ESP32 board wirelessly. The ESP32 board activates the hardware components which physically press the button on the car key. ‘Remote Start’ and ‘Multi- Relay’ are the ESPHome software add-ons you need to make this happen. ChatGPT wrote the code the ESP32 board uses to get the push pull solenoid to perform just the right sequence of pushes on the car key button. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Drives_Sailboat_by_Automating Autopilot⠀⇛ According to Joad, there are several problems that he needed to overcome in order to design a more efficient system. Joad explains that many autopiloting systems are expensive and when they break, they can be pricey to fix — often requiring a specialist to repair. By creating his own autopiloting system with a Raspberry Pi, the price is cut significantly, and being the creator of the project means it’s much easier to troubleshoot. # ⚓ Jeff Geerling ☛ How_Raspberry_Pis_are_made_(Factory_Tour)⠀⇛ On the factory floor—where they were making Pi Zero, Pi 3 model B+, Pi 4 model B, Compute Module 4, and Compute Module 4S at the time—the Pi’s start as a set of blank PCBs with copper pads, and the first stop is the automated screen printing machine where solder paste is applied with a squeegee. In the picture below, Andrew Puntan (one of our guides, working at the factory for over two decades!) holds up the Pi 3 B+ stencil, and you can see me and Gordon Hollingworth admiring it’s shiny surface: [...] # ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_AI_system_helps_visually_impaired_people locate_dining_utensils⠀⇛ People with visual impairments also enjoy going out to a restaurant for a nice meal, which is why it is common for wait staff to place the salt and pepper shakes in a consistent fashion: salt on the right and pepper on the left. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ Arduino_Cloud_embraces_Python_and_JavaScript_for new_IoT_projects⠀⇛ The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a ubiquitous term, encompassing a vast array of applications ranging from small-scale embedded systems to complex networked devices. Traditionally, IoT development has been synonymous with programming in languages like C and C++. # ⚓ SparkFun Electronics ☛ Pete_on_SparkFun’s_20th Anniversary⠀⇛ I had just finished my music degree at CU. I was playing in my band, giving private guitar lessons, and working at an art gallery. A friend of mine was working as a mechanical engineer for a new electronics company and he let me know that they needed assembly technicians. I thought I’d give it a try and was immediately hooked. # ⚓ Stacey on IoT ☛ Should_you_install_low-voltage_wiring_for your_smart_home_in_2023?⠀⇛ The latter part of that question has a shorter answer, so I’ll start with this one. If you have access to add wiring throughout a home, I’d definitely recommend running at least CAT-6 cables. And I’d aim for at least one ethernet port for bedroom or living area. This will allow wired transfer speeds at up to 1 Gb per second. A nice upgrade would be to use CAT-7 cables for a massive 10 GBps throughput boost. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Google_Keep_rolls_out_new_Single_note_Wear_OS Tile⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ First_look_at_the_two_new_Google_News_Android widgets_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ SlashGear ☛ 10_Android_Apps_Your_Old_Or_Budget_Phone_Should Avoid_At_All_Costs⠀⇛ # ⚓ SlashGear ☛ 10_Reasons_You_Shouldn’t_Buy_A_Foldable_Android Phone_Right_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ Asus’_latest_Android_phone_could_be_a_big threat_to_the_Galaxy_S23_Ultra_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Auto_9.7_Skips_Beta,_Stable_Version_Now_Available⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pocket Lint ☛ Android_for_beginners:_First_things_to_do_on your_new_phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ Best_Buy:_Great_deals_on_Google_Home, Android,_Chromebook_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Android_14_Beta_3_fixes_the_Google_Camera app,_after_Beta_2.1′s_crashes⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tom’s Guide ☛ Android_TV_14_beta_teases_several_upgrades for_Google_TV_and_Android_TV_—_here’s_what_we_know_|_Tom’s Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Pixel_6a_fingerprint_scanner_broken_after_Android_13 update⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾ # ⚓ [Repeat] APNIC ☛ RIPE_86_bites_—_QUIC_and_active_network management⠀⇛ While 90% of the volume of traffic is encrypted, the majority of this traffic is TLS session payload encryption layered above a TCP substrate. This implies that the outer IP wrapper and the TCP control parameters are still exposed to the network. The two communicating parties are still exposed in the IP address header, and while one end of the network transaction might be a shared CDN service point, the Server Name Indication (SNI) in TLS setup is still passed over the network in the clear, so the service point being accessed by the user is still exposed. So, while the exact nature of the transaction is opaque to the network observer, the metadata of the transaction, including the service name and port, the client IP address, the time of day, session profile and duration, is still available to the network observer. # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Wladimir Palant ☛ Another_cluster_of_potentially malicious_Chrome_extensions⠀⇛ That extension wasn’t alone. I kept finding similar extensions until I had a list of 109 extensions, installed by more than 62 million users in total. While most of these extensions didn’t seem to contain malicious code (yet?), almost all of them requested excessive privileges under false pretenses. The names are often confusingly similar to established products. All of these extensions are clearly meant for dubious monetization. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Thunderbird_115_Reaches_Beta_with_Updated UI_and_Improved_OpenPGP_Support⠀⇛ The Mozilla Thunderbird team teased us for some time now with their Thunderbird “Supernova” release (a.k.a. Thunderbird 115) that promised a revamped calendar and Firefox Sync support. Now, users can finally take the Thunderbird 115 release for a test drive, but the first beta version only offers an updated user interface designed to be more modern and customizable, with code that is easier to maintain and improve. # ⚓ Tor ☛ Self-hosting_the_Tor_Project_users_forum⠀⇛ A year and a half ago, we launched the Tor Project users forum, a new discussion platform based on Discourse, allowing us to continue to grow the Tor community and experiment new ways to gather feedback and provide support. Today, we’re happy to announce the forum will soon migrate from the free cloud hosting graciously provided by the team behind Discourse to the Tor Project’s own server infrastructure. # ⚓ Tor ☛ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_12.0.7⠀⇛ Tor Browser 12.0.7 is now available from the Tor Browser download page and also from our distribution directory. This release updates Firefox to 102.12.0esr, including bug fixes, stability improvements and important security updates. We also backported the Android-specific security updates from Firefox 114. # ⚓ Tails ☛ Improving_Tails_for_human_rights_defenders_in Latin_America⠀⇛ Between 2021 and 2023 Tails, Tor, and the Guardian Project partnered to organize training and usability tests in Ecuador, Mexico, and Brazil. Our goals were to: Promote our digital security tools and train human rights defenders in the Global South. Learn from their experiences and needs to help us prioritize future work. Improve the usability of our tools based on their feedback. o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Document_Foundation_releases_LibreOffice_7.5.4 Community⠀⇛ o § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Data⠀➾ # ⚓ Sumana Harihareswara ☛ Opening_AED_Location_Data_in New_York_City:_Progress_Update⠀⇛ Two months ago, I wrote about a new bill aiming to help New Yorkers find out where our nearest defibrillators are. Great news: the text of the bill has been revised and is a lot better, and the New York City Council’s Committee on Health will vote on it tomorrow. So now’s a good time to tell your councilmember you support Intro 814, “The HEART Act.” o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Daniel Lemire ☛ Parsing_IP_addresses_crazily_fast⠀⇛ So the optimized function is six times faster than the standard one using GCC. Switching to clang (LLVM), you go seven times faster. The fact that LLVM has such an edge over GCC warrants further examination. I suspect that my code is not nearly optimal, but it is definitively worth it in some cases in its current state. I should stress that the optimized function includes full validation: we are not cheating. # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Update_to_Data_Science_Software_Popularity⠀⇛ I’ve updated The Popularity of Data Science Software‘s market share estimates based on scholarly articles. I posted it below, so you don’t have to sift through the main article to read the new section. # ⚓ Daniel Stenberg ☛ Parallel_curl_tests⠀⇛ In May 2001 we changed the file format for individual tests and this is still today the format we use. During the Twenty-two years that have passed we have added some 1600 test cases to the collection and we make sure that they can run on virtually any platform and that each test case themselves specify what curl features they require to work so that builds with those features disabled can skip those tests. Only a thorough test suite provides the necessary confidence you need to promise to users that we keep existing behaviors and yet we still can and do repeatedly rewrite, refactor and replace large chunks of the internals. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Martin Heinz ☛ The_Right_Way_to_Run_Shell_Commands From_Python⠀⇛ Python is a popular choice for automating anything and everything, that includes automating system administration tasks or tasks that require running other programs or interacting with operating system. There are however, many ways to achieve this in Python, most of which are arguably bad, though. So, in this article we will look at all the options you have in Python for running other processes – the bad; the good; and most importantly, the right way to do it. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Op-Amp_Challenge:_Measuring_PH,_No_Code Required⠀⇛ When you see a project with a digital display these days, you’ll be forgiven for assuming that there’s some kind of microcontroller behind the scenes. And while that’s often the easiest way to get a project from idea to completion, it’s rarely the most interesting way. # ⚓ Nature ☛ Faster_sorting_algorithms_discovered_using_deep reinforcement_learning⠀⇛ Fundamental algorithms such as sorting or hashing are used trillions of times on any given day1. As demand for computation grows, it has become critical for these algorithms to be as performant as possible. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved in the past2, making further improvements on the efficiency of these routines has proved challenging for both human scientists and computational approaches. Here we show how artificial intelligence can go beyond the current state of the art by discovering hitherto unknown routines. To realize this, we formulated the task of finding a better sorting routine as a single- player game. We then trained a new deep reinforcement learning agent, AlphaDev, to play this game. AlphaDev discovered small sorting algorithms from scratch that outperformed previously known human benchmarks. These algorithms have been integrated into the LLVM standard C++ sort library3. This change to this part of the sort library represents the replacement of a component with an algorithm that has been automatically discovered using reinforcement learning. We also present results in extra domains, showcasing the generality of the approach. # ⚓ Brr ☛ The_Last_Egg⠀⇛ As I talked about in Frost, we have a huge amount of cold storage, and a smaller but still significant amount of DNF (Do Not Freeze) storage. The majority of our food is ordered years in advance, shipped here in bulk, and deep-frozen until needed. Fun fact – when we bring up a tub of ice cream from storage, it takes multiple days to carefully warm it to “normal” freezer temperature, so it can be served. If you’ve ever tried to serve ice cream that has been stored on dry ice or in a misconfigured freezer, you’ll understand the struggle. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Gesture_Sensor_Teardown_Reveals_Intel_Heritage⠀⇛ A few years ago, there was a rush of products on the market to detect motion. The idea being you could interact with your computer like they do on science fiction movies, with giant expressive hand motions in the air. Most of these were aimed at desktop computer users but one company, YouSpace, wanted to bring this technology to retail stores. [IMSAI Guy] got one of their sensor devices and decided to see what was inside it. You can see, too, in the video below. # ⚓ GPU_sales_are_down_almost_40%_year_on_year,_the_lowest_in years,_according_to_new_report⠀⇛ Sales for discrete PC graphics cards or GPUs are in a dire state, with a new report from Jon Peddie Research stating that total AIB shipments decreased by 38.2% in Q1 2023 compared to the same quarter from last year. According to the report, this still equates to roughly 6.3 million units, down from the previous quarter’s 7.16 million units. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Nissan_300zx_Dash_Given_A_New_Language⠀⇛ You don’t have to be a car enthusiast to recognize that the 1984 Nissan 300x dash is a work of art. The graceful swoops and multisegment VFDs evoke an aesthetic that reminds us of a particular era. Rather than replace his dash with something drab and modern, [Evan] modified his dash to accept input from newer devices. Many of the sensors that feed directly into the dash are becoming harder to find as the years wear on, and rather than spoof every old device, [Evan] looked at each gauge. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Op-Amp_Challenge:_A_Logic-Free_BCD⠀⇛ Of digital electronics, a wise man once said that “Every idiot can count to one.” Truer words have rarely been spoken, because at the end of the day, every digital circuit is really just an analog circuit with the interesting bits abstracted away. And to celebrate that way of looking at things, we’re pleased to present this BCD to seven-segment converter that uses no logic chips. # ⚓ [Repeat] Tedium ☛ Bad_News_Beepers⠀⇛ Today in Tedium: There’s always a point of constant debate that happens in education around the smartphone. As anyone who has played Candy Crush or dragged a thumb through TikTok can tell you, it is a highly distracting tool, but it is also basically impossible to extract from the hands of teenagers these days, for one important reason: Parents want them to have it, so they can reach them—a discussion point of a recent Atlantic piece. “I asked why they couldn’t just ban phones during school hours,” writer Jonathan Haidt, an ethicist at New York University’s Stern School of Business, wrote. “They said too many parents would be upset if they could not reach their children during the school day.” But it was not always this way, and in fact there was a period where mobile electronics were effectively banned in most schools. And one of the most interesting devices of this type to be banned was the beeper or pager. For those of you who don’t remember when beepers ruled the land, today’s Tedium offers a primer. — Ernie @ Tedium o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Farmers_want_wriggle_room_on_asset write-off_deadline⠀⇛ Farmers say the federal government’s refusal to extend the deadline for the instant asset write-off will leave them short-changed. The tax write-off and temporary full expensing arrangements were introduced by the previous coalition government as an incentive to stimulate the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Pedestrians_and_cyclists_most_often_killed_in_urban traffic,_44%_of_pedestrians_died_on_zebra_crossings⠀⇛ Fifty-seven percent of those killed in urban accidents were pedestrians and cyclists. Over the decade, there were 156 fatal accidents involving pedestrians and 104 fatalities involving cyclists. Nearly half (44 percent) of fatal pedestrian accidents in built-up areas happened on pedestrian crosswalks. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple_tries_to_distance_itself_from_Meta,_competition: Don’t_call_it_a_headset⠀⇛ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ OpenAI_Sued_For_Defamation_Over_ChatGPT ‘Hallucination’;_But_Who_Should_Actually_Be_Liable? [Ed: Those are not "hallucinations"; lies, errors, defamation... why this thing ought not be used by sane people, but it is falsely marketed by Microsoft and Microsoft-bribed 'journalists' for 6 months already]⠀⇛ Lots of people have been waiting for this, but it’s finally happened: someone has sued ChatGPT maker OpenAI over an AI “hallucination” (i.e., confidently spewing out something that is blatantly wrong). The complaint, filed by Mark Walters, in state court in Georgia, argues that OpenAI made up false and defamatory claims about himself. From the complaint itself: # ⚓ Quartz ☛ OpenAI_has_been_sued_for_libel_over_hallucinations by_ChatGPT [Ed: Those are not "hallucinations"; they're lies and defamation. The problem is that Microsoft and its bribed media falsely advertised their lousy chatbot.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ NPR ☛ Tennis_stars_get_lots_of_hate_online._The_French_Open gave_them_AI_‘bodyguards’⠀⇛ “It’s an individual sport,” he said. “So if you lose a game, that’s your fault. You’re very exposed because a lot of people are actually betting on sport and tennis specifically, which means a lot of haters going after you if you lose a point, if you lose a set or if you lose a game.” # ⚓ Adriaan Roselli ☛ No,_‘AI’_Will_Not_Fix_Accessibility⠀⇛ Large language models are habitual liars. Meanwhile, automated image descriptions aren’t much better. To give them the benefit of the doubt, perhaps these tools simply lack context. A chocolate Rice Krispie treat sits on a saucer in a darkened room, a single lit birthday candle sticking out of it. Also on the table and in shadow to the right is a drill, to the left is a pack of candles, and behind it a set of drill bits. As image tools get better at describing every detail of a picture, as language models do a better job of conveying an emoji-laden tweet in actual words, they are still not the authors of that content. That have no sense of why it was created. They cannot tell you that a series of vertical lines is meant to signify a wall in a meme. They don’t know that the gag of a photo of a Rice Krispie treat with a birthday candle is the power drill in the background. # ⚓ Gregory Hammond ☛ Why_I’ve_changed_website_hosts_(aka_why_I left_Cloudways_and_why_you_may_want_to_as_well)⠀⇛ The major reason I didn’t want to continue with them was because DigitalOcean operates at a net loss every year (according to their annual income statements). Which means they aren’t profitable. Why is being profitable important? There isn’t infinite money available in either funding or grants and without making a profit, the company may have to make decreases in staff (which will mean less new features and worst customer service) or increase prices. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Mark_Zuckerberg_lays_out_Meta’s_grand ambitions_for_generative_AI⠀⇛ Zuckerberg’s pep talk, which was first reported by Axios, comes at a troubled moment for Meta, which recently let go about 10,000 staff. The layoffs have reportedly shaken the confidence of employees, and the CEO took the opportunity to reassure them of the company’s plans, laying out a roadmap for the future that’s heavily focused on incorporating the latest advances in generative AI, which creates new content and images based on natural language prompts. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Krebs On Security ☛ Barracuda_Urges_Replacing_—_Not Patching_—_Its_Email_Security_Gateways⠀⇛ It’s not often that a zero-day vulnerability causes a network security vendor to urge customers to physically remove and decommission an entire line of affected hardware — as opposed to just applying software updates. But experts say that is exactly what transpired this week with Barracuda Networks, as the company struggled to combat a sprawling malware threat which appears to have undermined its email security appliances in such a fundamental way that they can no longer be safely updated with software fixes. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Silicon_Labs_FG28_Sub-GHz_wireless_and 2.4_GHz_BLE_SoC_supports_Amazon_Sidewalk,_Wi-SUN, etc…⠀⇛ Silicon Labs dual-band FG28 Cortex-M33 SoC comes with sub-Gigahertz and 2.4 GHz Bluetooth LE radios that support long-range networks and protocols like Amazon Sidewalk, Wi-SUN, and other proprietary protocols, as well as a built-in AI/ML accelerator for machine learning inference and SiLabs Secure Vault technology. The chip looks to be an update to the sub-GHz FG25 Cortex-M33 microcontroller with an additional 2.4 GHz BLE radio, but somehow less program memory (up to 256KB) and storage (up to 1024 KB). # ⚓ Soylent News ☛ Snowden_Ten_Years_Later_–_Schneier_on Security_–_SoylentNews⠀⇛ # ⚓ EFF ☛ EFF_and_Allies_Send_Letters_to_Senate_Judiciary Opposing_Bill_to_Require_Messaging_Platforms_to_Report Users_to_the_DEA⠀⇛ The bill would require private messaging services, social media companies, and even cloud providers to report their users to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) if they find out about certain illegal drug sales. Even with the proposed amendments, S. 1080 would weaken an already insufficient privacy law and would provide a roadmap for more sweeping and overbroad carveouts. Its vague requirements and criminal penalties would result in companies over-reporting users to the DEA for innocent, protected speech. History shows it may also encourage companies to engage in dragnet scanning of user communications, which would result in even more errors and sweep up the same voices Congress is trying to protect. Rather than addressing a pressing health crisis caused by fentanyl overdoses, this bill does an end run around the Fourth Amendment  by requesting user information from online services in the form of mandatory reporting and voluntary disclosures. This puts online services in the position to decide whether their users have engaged in a sale of or intent to sell illicit substances and then decide how much to report to the DEA. The bill also expressly undermines the already limited warrant or subpoena and notice requirements of the Stored Communications Act.   # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Many_Of_The_States_Endlessly_Freaking_Out About_TikTok_Still_Have_State_Websites_That_Funnel Sensitive_Data_To_TikTok [Ed: TikTok is bad not for privacy reasons as much as the other factors of TikTok (Fentanylware)]⠀⇛ By now we’ve noted several times how the folks most vocally calling for a nationwide TikTok ban are putting on a dumb performance designed to distract you from our lack of competent internet privacy laws and our complete unwillingness to regulate the sleazy data broker space. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Appeals_Court_Awards_Half_A_Win_To Professor_Wrongfully_Arrested_For_Sharing_‘Secret’_Tech With_Chinese_Entities⠀⇛ Being abnormally suspicious of anything Chinese isn’t new. There’s a wave of hysteria-based lawmaking happening right now involving TikTok, but deciding Chinese nationals and Chinese entities are inherently suspicious has been part of this nation’s cultural fabric since the construction of railroads back in the mid-19th century. # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Paragon_Solutions_Spyware: Graphite⠀⇛ We’re never going to reduce the power of these cyberweapons arms merchants by going after them one by one. We need to deal with the whole industry. And we’re not going to do it as long as the democracies of the world use their products as well. # ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Can_this_device_make_a_phone_call?⠀⇛ This practice has been discredited for over a decade. UA Strings tend to lie. And, even when they don’t lie, they’re not very precise. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ AI_chatbots_want_your_geolocation data._Privacy_experts_say_beware.⠀⇛ Concerns about sharing location data with AI models speak to the “wild west” nature of a rapidly growing industry that is beholden to few regulations and largely opaque to consumers and lawmakers. Consumer technologies such as Bard are less than a year old, making it largely unclear what repercussions they could have for privacy down the line. The rapid growth in the industry has left regulators in the U.S. and abroad sorting out how the technology exists under current privacy regulations. OpenAI, a leader in the field, landed in hot water in Italy earlier this year after the country’s data protection authority accused it of violating the EU’s data protection rules. More recently, U.S. regulators have warned AI companies “sprinting” to train their models on more and more data that existing consumer protections still apply and failing to heed them could lead to enforcement. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Why_senators_are_concerned_about_Twitter’s data_security⠀⇛ Lawmakers and privacy experts have grown increasingly concerned about Twitter’s data security and privacy safeguards after the departure of top company officials. Last week, a group of Democratic senators sent a letter to Twitter raising concerns that recent resignations of top data security executives could put consumer privacy and data security in jeopardy and potentially violate a 2022 consent decree with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). # § Confidentiality⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ EU_Member_States_Still_Cannot_Agree About_End-to-End_Encryption⠀⇛ The proactive detection requirement likely renders the CSA Regulation (called “Chat Control” by its opponents) illegal in its current draft form. That’s according to no less an authority than the Council’s own legal service (whose April analysis reaching that conclusion was also leaked) as well as the EU’s own data protection supervisor, which condemned the current draft last year. For one, existing EU law forbids the imposition of a general content monitoring obligation on online platforms; for another, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights restricts how individuals’ rights may be limited by the state. Mandating the suspicionless monitoring for CSAM of all online communications, and particularly private interpersonal communications (as distinguished from publicly-available content), would impermissibly violate the prohibition against general monitoring as well as Europeans’ fundamental privacy rights. The latter includes the rights of European children, as I pointed out in comments I submitted last May. A year later, the debate over the CSA Regulation continues. One sticking point: what to do about end-to- end encryption. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Senators_Think_TikTok’s_CEO_Lied_to_Congress⠀⇛ At least three US senators think TikTok’s CEO may have violated federal law. In recent letters, the lawmakers say Shou Zi Chew lied about the company’s data storage practices during a combative Congressional hearing earlier this year. The renewed focus on Chew’s wishy-washy answers follows a series of news reports which suggest Chinese TikTok and ByteDance employees, and even Chinese Community Party officials, had greater access to US user data than previously known. # ⚓ Tim Colwill ☛ Satire_Without_Purpose_Will_Wander_In_Dark Places⠀⇛ Despite not providing any specifics or referencing Talavera by name, the message from the company was clear: if any “real-world hate groups” were to theoretically show up at a Games Workshop event, it could only be because those people had failed to grasp the inherently satirical nature of Warhammer 40,000. But there’s one small issue with proclaiming that Warhammer 40,000 and its protagonist The Imperium of Man are “satire”: it’s not true. Broadly labelling the entirety of Warhammer 40,000 as “satire” is no longer sufficient to address what the game has become in the almost 40 years since its inception. It also fails to answer the rather awkward question of why, exactly, these fascists who are allegedly too stupid to understand satire are continually showing up in your satirical community in the first place. At best, Games Workshop is guilty of muddled and mixed messaging; corporate custodian of a narratively top-heavy fictional universe, trying its best to plot a course through almost four decades of social change. But at its worst, the company is carelessly complicit in the open laundering of fascist ideologies and aesthetics — a slick marketing machine uncritically promoting the talking points and perspectives of the totalitarian right, in crass pursuit of greater profits. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Microsoft_injects_ChatGPT_into_‘secure’ US_government_Azure_cloud [Ed: Microsoft pandering for BAILOUTS again... military ("defence") budget]⠀⇛ The generative AI boom has reached the US federal government, with Microsoft announcing the launch of its Azure OpenAI Service that allows Azure government customers to access GPT-3 and 4, as well as Embeddings. Through the service, government agencies will get access to ChatGPT use cases without sacrificing “the stringent security and compliance standards they need to meet government requirements for sensitive data,” Microsoft explained in a canned statement. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Cornel_West_Should_Not_Be_Running_for President⠀⇛ What does West bring to the race? A roster of legitimate complaints, but without any plan for achievable change. “I am running for truth and justice as a presidential candidate for the People’s Party to reintroduce America to the best of itself—fighting to end poverty, mass incarceration, ending wars and ecological collapse, guaranteeing housing, health care, education, and living wages for all!” Who could disagree? It could all be the sort of idealistic word-collage we get from Marianne Williamson, but in West’s case, running as a third-party candidate poses a far more serious risk to Biden’s reelection and to the fate of the country. Just be clear: He will only take votes away from Biden and help elect a Republican. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ US_Sees_Islamic_State_Affiliates_Pooling Resources,_Growing_Capabilities⠀⇛ Specifically, the United States is raising concerns about the group’s General Directorate of Provinces, a series of nine regional offices set up over the past several years to sustain the group’s reputation and global capabilities. The U.S. State Department on Thursday highlighted the threat posed by these regional offices, designating the leaders of the offices in Iraq and in Africa’s Sahel region as Specially Designated Global Terrorists. # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Park_stabbing_joins_France’s_long_list of_violent_attacks⠀⇛ Since Kalashnikov-wielding terrorists – the French- born brothers, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi – slaughtered 11 people in the offices of satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in 2015, more than 250 people have been killed in Islamic violence in the country. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ 9/11_Families_Horrified_by_PGA-LIV_Golf_Saudi ‘Sportswashing’_Deal⠀⇛ “PGA Tour leaders should be ashamed of their hypocrisy and greed.” # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ In_China,_German_Lawmaker_Calls_for_End_to Sanctions,_an_‘Instrument_of_War’_(That_Backfires_for Europe)⠀⇛ “Sanctions are an instrument of modern warfare”, says leftist member of the German Bundestag Sevim Dağdelen, warning in a speech in China that economic war is backfiring and hurting European workers, fueling unemployment and de- industrialization. # ⚓ RTL ☛ RTL_Today_–_Toddlers_stabbed_:_Two_children_‘still critical’_after_France_knife_attack⠀⇛ # ⚓ One_soldier_loses_his_life_in_armed_combat_in_Siirt⠀⇛ Specialized sergeant Aydın Ceylan lost his life during a clash in the rural area of Pervari, Siirt. # ⚓ Five-year-old_fatally_struck_by_military_vehicle_in Hakkari⠀⇛ The sergeant operating the vehicle has reportedly been placed under custody. In the last ten years, at least 22 children in Kurdish-populated areas of the country have lost their lives due to incidents involving military vehicles. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “World’s_Deadliest_Wars_Go_Unreported”: Journalist_Anjan_Sundaram⠀⇛ The acclaimed war correspondent Anjan Sundaram joins us to discuss the state of conflict reporting and why some of the world’s deadliest wars go unreported. We cover conflict in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, as well as the future of the international media economy. Due in part to the lingering “colonial” structure of global media, Sundaram says, “these enormous wars, some of the biggest in our world today — and some of the greatest since World War II — are still relatively underreported in the international news.” # § War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukraine_reports_Russian_shelling_of_Kherson during_evacuation_of_civilians_from_flooded_areas_— Meduza⠀⇛ Ukraine’s Internal Affairs Ministry reported that Russian troops shelled Kherson during the evacuation of citizens from flooded areas following the destruction of the Kakhovka dam. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_reportedly_working_to create_‘unified_information_space’_in_annexed_Ukrainian territories_—_Meduza⠀⇛ In the Russian-annexed parts of Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions, as well as in the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk “republics,” the Russian authorities have begun work on “reformatting the information space,” the Russian newspaper Vedomosti reported on Friday, citing sources from the Moscow-installed occupation administrations in those areas. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Two_reported_injured_after_drone_hits building_in_Voronezh_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A drone carrying explosives reportedly hit an apartment building in the Russian city of Voronezh on Friday. According to Governor Aleksandr Gusev, two people were injured. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Holding_up_a_mirror_to_Russian_national identity:_Why_life_in_the_borderlands_should_remind_the West_to_reject_the_Kremlin’s_messaging_on_the_Ukrainian state_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Who_destroyed_the_Kakhovka_dam?_Meduza examines_the_likelihoods_that_Russia_blew_up_the_dam, that_Ukraine_blew_up_the_dam,_and_that_the_dam spontaneously_collapsed_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The authorities of Ukraine and the Kremlin have accused each other of blowing up the dam at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant, causing massive flooding on the lower Dnipro river. The dam was destroyed on June 6, however, no evidence has yet emerged that the destruction was intentional. Anonymous sources first said the U.S. authorities planned to declassify documents proving Russian military involvement in the catastrophe, but later official channels said that they had no hard evidence. From existing video footage, experts have been unable to definitively establish the perpetrator in the dam’s destruction. These conditions allow only for speculation about three possible scenarios: one side in the Russia-Ukraine war intentionally destroyed the dam, or the dam somehow spontaneously failed. Right now, the only analytical tool available is determining who benefits more from flooding on the lower Dnipro. Keep in mind, though, that the presence of a motive doesn’t prove guilt. Meduza examines three scenarios.  # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Radio_Liberty:_Wagner_Group_rents_offices all_over_Russia_to_quietly_dispense_cash_to_mercenaries and_their_families_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Relatives of former prisoners who were killed in Ukraine while fighting with Wagner Group explained to publication Sever.Realii (a Radio Liberty project) how the military cartel organizes payments to its fighters and their relatives. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Now_only_the_treetops_are_visible.’ Residents_of_Kherson_describe_the_devastation_caused_by the_Kakhovka_dam_disaster_—_Meduza⠀⇛ In Ukraine’s Kherson region, thousands of homes were flooded after the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant’s dam was destroyed on June 6. Journalists from Ukrainska Pravda travelled to the center of the region to speak with local residents to learn more about the scale of the devastation. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Construction_of_new_Kakhovka_plant_estimated to_take_at_least_five_years_and_cost_$27_million_— Meduza⠀⇛ Ihor Syrota, CEO of Ukrhydroenergo, Ukraine’s largest hydropower company, estimated that building a new hydroelectric power plant at the site of the Kakhovka HPP could take at least five years and cost at least one billion hryvnia (around $27 million), according to a statement from the plant’s headquarters. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ In_spliced_video,_Russian_officer_released by_Wagner_mercenaries_describes_torture,_upbraids Prigozhin_for_self-promotion_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Lieutenant Colonel Roman Vinivitin, whose capture was previously reported by Evgeny Prigozhin’s press service, has released a video in which he accuses the paramilitary cartel of grotesque violations against troops in the regular army. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ At_least_one_dead_after_overnight_Russian missile_and_drone_attacks_on_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russian troops attacked multiple Ukrainian territories with kamikaze drones and cruise missiles on Thursday night. According to Ukraine’s Air Force Command, Russia launched a total of six cruise missiles from Tu-95 strategic bombers as well as 16 Shahed drones. Ukrainian air defense forces reportedly shot down 10 of the drones and four of the missiles. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Nonprofit_Explorer_Adds_More_than_a_Million New_Form_990s⠀⇛ ProPublica has added more than a million new tax records for tax-exempt organizations to Nonprofit Explorer, making it easier to assess the finances of charities operating across the nation. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ The_Climate_Crisis_Was_Always_Real._Now It’s_in_Your_Lungs⠀⇛ Al Gore once told me, “When it comes to climate change, everyone has an ‘oh shit moment’ — that moment when it gets real, when they realize what is at stake.” East Coasters are having an ‘oh shit moment’ right now. You look up at the sky and it’s orange, like Mars. And it’s deadly. The World Health Organization defines particulate levels above 10 ug/m3 as unhealthy. Yesterday New York City hit 800. “The air quality in New York City was at its worst ever recorded, with apocalyptic scenes being observed,” climate activist Peter Dynes tweeted. “This is not a simulation or a scene from a movie; this is the current climate reality. Time for the masses to realize the severity of this crisis.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ On_a_Rapidly_Warming_Planet,_Home_Is_a Luxury⠀⇛ Greenville Calif.—Pines and firs parched by a three-year drought had been burning for days on a ridge 1,000 feet above my remote mountain town. On August 4, 2021, the flames suddenly flared into a heat so intense it formed a molten cloud the color of bruised flesh. As that sinister cumulus rose above an oval-shaped reservoir, it collapsed, sending red-hot embers down the steep slopes toward Greenville in a storm of torched trees and exploding shrubs. It took less than 30 minutes for the Dixie fire to transform my town’s tarnished Gold Rush charm into a heap of smoldering hand-hewn timbers and century-old brick walls. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Circular_economy:_Commission recommends_actions_to_boost_recycling_in_18_Member_States_at risk_of_missing_waste_targets*⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 In a report published today, the Commission identifies Member States at risk of not meeting the 2025 preparing for re-use and recycling targets for municipal and all packaging waste and the 2035 landfilling target. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Drivers_face_pump_pain_as profits_fuel_inflation_debate⠀⇛ Petrol prices are set to surge above $2 a litre this long weekend as new details emerge about what is really driving inflation. Motorists have been urged to sniff around for bargains before the King’s Birthday break, with analysis uncovering as much as 45 cents difference between the cheapest and most expensive fuel. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ ACT_bans_new_gas_connections, but_BBQs_have_green_light⠀⇛ An Australian-first law to ban new gas network connections has been passed in the ACT but households can still fire up the gas barbecue. Energy and Emissions Reduction Minister Shane Rattenbury said the ACT was leading the way on climate change action, with Canberra aiming to be a zero-emissions capital. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ DeSmog_Launches_Industrial_Aquaculture Project⠀⇛ At first glance, fish might seem like a climate-friendly alternative to meat for a world that needs to shift away from carbon- intensive cattle. At least the seafood farming (or ‘aquaculture’) industry would have you see it that way.Right now the market for farmed fish like salmon is booming. In fact it’s the fastest-growing food sector in the world. This is thanks in no small part to excellent marketing that brands this fish as the ‘chicken of the sea’: low-carbon, easy to cook and sustainable. But there’s a hitch with this ‘sustainable protein’ spin. Like other intensive farming sectors, aquaculture has been dogged by controversy, and accused of varied ecological and social harms including animal welfare concerns, pollution and highly complex, extractive supply chains, which source the feed that farmed fish rely on. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ EU_among_first_to_accept_WTO Agreement_on_Fisheries_Subsidies⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 The EU today formally accepted the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies on behalf of its 27 Member States. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ How_Fishmeal_Factories_Put_Food_Out_of_Reach for_Communities_in_The_Gambia⠀⇛ The fishmeal trade is undermining human rights and putting jobs at risk in The Gambia, a new report has found. Research by Amnesty International has uncovered a range of social and environmental problems caused by the country’s three fish processing factories, which are strung out along the small West African country’s 30 kilometre coastline.  # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ They’re_not_energy_companies_–_they’re fossil_fuel_companies⠀⇛ If Marty McFly and Doc were to travel from the past to spring 2023, they’d think that the Delorean had gotten the date wrong; it’s just too hot for this time of year. But thermometers don’t lie. Spain and several Mediterranean countries registered heat in April that would be “almost impossible” without climate change, as an attribution study recently indicated. The same specialists found that the period of extreme temperatures endured by several South Asian regions was at least 30 times more likely the result of global warming. The situation is the same across the world. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Replace_fossil_fuels_—_with_more_fossil fuels?_That’s_one_major_utility’s_plan.⠀⇛ By Katie Myers, Grist. This story was originally published in Grist, and is republished here as part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration strengthening coverage of the climate crisis. Austin Wall was attending an environmental law conference at the University of Tennessee not long ago when, during a discussion of natural gas pipeline projects, a map appeared on the screen and gave him a surprise. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ You_Sure_You_Want_To_Eat_That_Sentient Being?_(w/_Peter_Singer)⠀⇛ Peter Singer’s classic work on animal welfare, remastered for the modern age, remains a timeless source of the lessons he has passionately conveyed for the past 50 years. # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ How_safe_is_the_air? Here’s_how_to_check_and_what_the_numbers_mean⠀⇛ The Environmental Protection Agency monitors the air around the country and compiles an air quality index, or AQI. # ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ Coming_to_our_Senses:_Nature Connection_As_a_Shift_in_Perspective⠀⇛ The ability to perceive or think differently is more important than the knowledge gained. – David Bohm A friend told me about an experience she had, which I return to often. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Airpocalypse”:_David_Wallace-Wells on_Red_Skies,_Raging_Wildfires_&_Pollution_Link_to Climate_Crisis⠀⇛ Record-breaking Canadian wildfires continue to fill skies across much of North America with smoke, putting about 100 million people under air quality alerts. New York City recorded the worst air quality of any major city in the world as a result of the haze. Around the world, air pollution is already responsible for as many as 10 million deaths per year, and the problem is likely to get worse, says New York Times opinion writer David Wallace-Wells. He explains how today’s smoky skies are a glimpse of our future in the climate crisis, when warmer temperatures and dry conditions will continue to increase the size and severity of wildfires across the globe. “It’s not just that we’re getting more fires, and it’s not even that they’re getting larger. They’re also getting much more intense, which means that they are cooking much of the landscape,” says Wallace-Wells, author of The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming. We also hear from Cree/Iroquois/ French journalist Brandi Morin, who just returned from reporting on the wildfires raging in the remote Indigenous community of Fort Chipewyan in Canada’s North, which she calls the “epicenter of the effects of climate change because it’s downstream from one of the largest oil production developments in the world, Alberta’s oil sands.” # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ New_York_Reports_Worst_Air_Quality_in the_World_as_Smoke_Creeps_Along_the_Coast⠀⇛ Canadian wildfires send smoke and air pollution to more than 55 million Americans. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Robotic_Fox_Is_Part_Dog,_Part_Cat_—_Just Like_The_Real_Thing⠀⇛ Foxes are cat software running on dog hardware, or so they say. And [Will Cogley] seems to have taken that to heart with this 3D-printed robotic fox, which borrows heavily from projects like Boston Dynamics Spot robodog. True, the analogy breaks down a bit when you include MIT’s Cheetah on the inspiration list, but you get the point. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Oil_and_Pipeline_Companies_Are_Backing_a ‘Water_Quality_Restoration’_Project_in_North_America’s Biggest_Swamp⠀⇛ Covering a million acres along Louisiana’s central southwest coast, the Atchafalaya Basin is the largest contiguous swamp in North America. It’s home to centuries-old tupelo and cypress trees, along with dozens of species of shellfish and fish, from shrimp and crawfish to freshwater drum and catfish. This abundance makes the Basin one the most important points on the Mississippi Flyway, a bustling migratory route that millions of birds travel annually, stretching from breeding grounds in Canada to wintering grounds in Central and South America. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ The Economist ☛ Russia’s_population_nightmare_is going_to_get_even_worse⠀⇛ War is not the sole—or even the main—cause of these troubles, but it has made them all worse. According to Western estimates, 175,000-250,000 Russian soldiers have been killed or wounded in the past year (Russia’s figures are lower). Somewhere between 500,000 and 1m mostly young, educated people have evaded the meat-grinder by fleeing abroad. Even if Russia had no other demographic problems, losing so many in such a short time would be painful. As it is, the losses of war are placing more burdens on a shrinking, ailing population. Russia may be entering a doom loop of demographic decline. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Caution_for_Indian_IT_Professionals:_9_US_Companies_with the_Highest_Layoffs_of_Indian_Professionals⠀⇛ # ⚓ Study:_Washington_state_22nd_in_the_nation_for_increasing unemployment_claims⠀⇛ # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Eurozone_slips_into_slight_recession⠀⇛ Eurozone economic output contracted for two consecutive quarters, according to official revised figures, meaning it has entered a technical recession. Gross domestic product (GDP) dropped by 0.1 per cent over the first three months of 2023 compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Business_Lobby’s_War_on_Albo⠀⇛ # ⚓ Massive_Tech_Layoffs_In_2023:_Major_Companies_&_Startups Slash_Jobs⠀⇛ The tech industry’s reckoning from last year continues.. Tens of thousands of tech workers lost their jobs in significant layoffs in 2023, but this time, the biggest names in the industry, including Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Yahoo, Meta, and Zoom, were responsible Startups have also announced layoffs in every industry, from enterprise SaaS to cryptocurrency. The macroeconomic environment and the need for discipline on a bumpy road to profitability are frequently the causes of workforce reductions. # ⚓ India Today ☛ Byju’s_is_said_to_fire_1,000_more_employees to_cut_costs⠀⇛ Byju’s is said to fire hundreds of more employees at the company. A new report claims that the Edtech startup is planning to layoff 1,000 more employees, as part of its cost-cutting measures and to streamline operations. The latest round of layoffs will be impacting a few departments and some third- party staffers. Here is everything we know so far. Byju’s first announced the layoff of 2,500 employees back in October 2022 and now, the company is ready to let go of more workers, as per an ET report. The employees who were working on a contractual basis in the on-ground sales teams will be affected the most. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Prosecutors_Interviewing_Witnesses_Who_Knew Trump_Was_Hoarding_Documents⠀⇛ The WaPo story reporting that most stolen documents charges will be filed in Florida is more reliable than the report promising an indictment today. # ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Longtime_Amazon_Executive_Jeff Blackburn_Elected_to_Roku_Board_of_Directors⠀⇛ Blackburn most recently served as Amazon’s svp for global media and entertainment, where his purview included Prime Video, Amazon Studios, Amazon Music, Audible and Twitch, among other divisions. The executive retired from Amazon earlier this year after more than two decades at the company, which he first joined in 1998 after helping Amazon with its IPO while working at Deutsche Bank. # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Pornhub_Tells_Users_to_Take_Action Before_Politicians_Take_Their_Porn_Away⠀⇛ The laws — Virginia SB 1515, Mississippi SB 2346, and Arkansas SB 66 — are copycats of a law passed in Louisiana in January that makes porn sites liable for content that’s “harmful to minors,” and punishes site owners if they don’t doesn’t install age verification technology. For Pornhub viewers in Louisiana, this means submitting to an age check using their driver’s license or other government- issued ID. Privacy experts have called these kinds of laws a “time bomb” for identity theft. # ⚓ DroidGazzette ☛ Apple_wants_to_build_324,000_square_feet_of office_space_in_North_Carolina⠀⇛ The campus, which could house more than 3,000 workers, calls for buildings up to 73 feet tall, up to 8 stories, and sits on 281 acres of land. According to WRAL Tech Wire, Apple filed the paperwork on May 30, and had begun applying for permits within Wake County in August 2022. The permits were related to clearing land and managing stormwater before construction officially began. # ⚓ WRAL Techwire ☛ Apple_files_plans_for_324,000_square_feet of_office_space_at_RTP_campus⠀⇛ An application shows plans for a 324,000-square- foot office, calling for professional space with buildings up to 73 feet tall, roughly 6 to 8 stories. Apple filed the site work plans on May 30 in order to start moving dirt. For context, 324,000 square feet is about twice the size of the average Walmart Supercenter. Apple was previously awarded $1.2 billion in an incentive package from the state. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ We_Love_the_Smell_Of_Indictments_In_the Evening⠀⇛ Oh yeah. Thank God, Jack Smith, the Boxes Hoax and just this once the media for the news twice- impeached, once-indicted, sedition-attempting, legally liable for sexual abuse grifter, mobster, rancid heap of human garbage and cameo actor in Home Alone 2 Donald Trump has been indicted, this time reportedly on seven federal charges ranging from willful retention of national defense information under the Espionage Act to conspiracy to obstruct justice to making “false statements.” Espionage! Good times. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Mike_Pence’s_Presidential_Amnesia⠀⇛ In the old model of right-wing leadership, a tour as vice president served as a major selling point in a pitch for the presidency. It was, after all, the sole basis for Richard Nixon’s claim to Serious Leader status and the only conceivable explanation for George H.W. Bush’s election. Even Bush’s own achievement-challenged second in command, Dan Quayle, felt more or less obliged to half-heartedly launch his own presidential bid in 2000. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ PM_defends_Gallagher_on_Higgins_text allegations⠀⇛ Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has defended his Finance Minister Katy Gallagher amid allegations she misled parliament about when she knew about ex- Liberal staffer Brittany Higgins’ rape allegation. Ms Higgins reached a compensation agreement with the Commonwealth in December 2022 after she launched legal action against her employers in the previous coalition government. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ New_CNN_Logo/Tattoo⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Does_Fatima_Mousa_Mohammed_Oppose_Israel’s Very_Existence?⠀⇛ Fatima Mousa Mohammed said many things during her 12-minute commencement address to the City University New York School of Law graduating class of 2023, earning her a ferocious rebuke—some of it right, much of it wrong—from Ted Cruz, Eric Adams, various Jewish organizations, and CUNY itself, among others. A student speaker selected by her peers, Mohammed made relatively little mention of the “fascist NYPD” compared to her heavy focus on Israel, which broadly commingled the Jewish state with white supremacy, and her calls for the end to “capitalism, racism, imperialism, and Zionism around the world.” She had previously tweeted: “may every Zionist burn in the hottest pit of hell.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ How_the_John_Birch_Society_Won_the_Long_Game⠀⇛ Even at the peak of its influence in the early 1960s, the John Birch Society was regarded as something of a joke by liberals and conservatives alike. The Birchers were so extreme that many of them thought Barry Goldwater and Richard Nixon were too soft. One California Bircher opined that if Nixon won the Republican gubernatorial primary, “we might as well teach our children how to count in rubles.” Robert Welch, the ex-candymaker and Harvard Law dropout who founded the John Birch Society, became infamous for describing Dwight Eisenhower as a “dedicated, conscious agent of the communist conspiracy.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Right’s_Latest_Target:_No-Fault_Divorce⠀⇛ Republicans have been on quite a successful rampage against modern life: banning abortion, trying to make contraception harder to get, dumping books about race, sex, gender, and the Holocaust (the Holocaust?!) from school libraries, tormenting trans people. You’d think they’d take a break, but no—now they’ve set their sights on a new target: no-fault divorce. Leading the charge are Republican legislators in some of the worst states for women (looking at you, Louisiana!) and reactionary anti- feminist ranters like Ben Shapiro, Matt Walsh, and Steven Crowder. Fun story: Crowder went viral for portraying himself as a victim of no-fault divorce, expressing shock that his wife could divorce him without his permission even “in Texas”—shortly before a video emerged in which he berated his heavily pregnant wife for, among other domestic failings, not being “wife-worthy.” Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour! # ⚓ The Nation ☛ America’s_Suburbs_Are_Breeding_Grounds_for Fascism⠀⇛ The Target closest to where I sit is in Torrington, Conn. It’s next to a Home Depot, a Wendy’s, a Walgreens, a Walmart, a Chipotle. Driving is the only option here, unless you’re willing to take the one available bus from downtown and then walk along one of two large highways that bisect the area. If you drive down a few miles, roads without sidewalks appear, on which sit houses for sale—four bedrooms, new construction, two-car garages, and gray exteriors. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Barunga_Voice_Declaration_calls_on people_to_vote_‘yes’⠀⇛ Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney has been handed a declaration by the Northern Territory’s four land councils in support of a First Nations voice in the upcoming referendum. More than 200 representatives of the Northern, Central, Tiwi and Anindilyakwa councils are gathered on the traditional lands of the Bagala (Jawoyn) people southeast of Katherine for the Barunga Festival, which began on Friday. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ DeSantis_campaign_shares_apparent_AI-generated fake_images_of_Trump_and_Fauci⠀⇛ In a collage of six pictures of the two men, three appear to be AI-generated fakes depicting Trump and Fauci embracing. The other three are real photos of the two men together in March 2020, according to AFP, which first identified the fakes. “It was particularly sneaky to intermix the real and the fake images, as if the presence of the real image would give more credibility to the other images,” said Hany Farid, a digital forensics expert and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ New_York’s_Prison_System_Abruptly_Halts_a Policy_Censoring_Artists_and_Writers⠀⇛ On May 11, New York’s Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (DOCCS) quietly issued Directive 4406, requiring incarcerated writers and artists to submit all creative works to the prison superintendent for approval before being sent to a nonprofit organization for publication or exhibition. Writers and artists would not be allowed to receive money, or even a nonfinancial prize such as a book, for their works. The directive defined creative works as including books, art, music, poetry, film scripts, and other writings. It allowed the superintendent to deny approval based on several vaguely worded criteria, including any depiction of the author or artist’s crime or victims, advocating rebellion against governmental authority, or portraying law enforcement or DOCCS “in a manner which could jeopardize safety and security.” “This is censorship,” Bellamy said. “If that directive had been in effect [when I was behind bars], the superintendent would not have let me publish about Covid or the death of Val Gaiter [New York’s longest-serving incarcerated woman],” he said. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Jim_Jordan_Further_Weaponizes_His_Subcommittee On_The_Weaponization_Of_The_Gov’t_To_Chill_Speech⠀⇛ Rep. Jim Jordan is at it again. You’ll recall that Jordan ignored subpoenas from the January 6th Committee and was referred to the House Ethics Committee for his failure to respond to those subpoenas. Of course, since being handed the keys to the brand new (created just for him) “Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Government,” Jordan has been furiously flinging spurious subpoenas left and right, and then threatening contempt proceedings for anyone who ignores them. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Tennessee_Appeals_Court_Says_Vanity_License Plates_Are_Likely_Protected_Speech⠀⇛ There have been lots of legal battles fought over proprietary blends of numbers and letters. States collecting a premium for vanity plates claim this is government speech, since it’s a state-issued plate. Or, if it’s not quite government speech, it’s the government’s tacit approval of this speech, even if the vanity plate really only contains statements made by plate owners. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_block_all_sites_of_human rights_advocacy_group_OVD-Info_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russia’s federal censorship agency, Roskomnadzor, has blocked all of the websites run by the human rights advocacy group OVD-Info. The authorities have not provided a reason for the blockage, according to the organization’s statement. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Assange_to_launch_second_appeal_against extradition_after_losing_first_bid⠀⇛ WikiLeaks founder and publisher Julian Assange has lost an appeal to the High Court against a British extradition order which aims to send him to the US for trial over alleged espionage charges. However, his wife, Stella, said he would launch a fresh appeal on Tuesday (13 June). The rejection of his appeal occurred on 6 June and the decision was made by a single judge, according to the organisation Reporters Without Borders. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ UK:_Julian_Assange_Dangerously_Close_to Extradition_Following_High_Court_Rejection_of_Appeal⠀⇛ By Reporters Without Borders Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is deeply concerned by the UK High Court’s decision rejecting WikiLeaks publisher Julian Assange’s appeal against his extradition order, bringing him dangerously close to being extradited to the United States, where he could face the rest of his life in prison for publishing leaked classified documents in […] # ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ Justice_Severely_Delayed_and_Denied:_UK High_Court_Rejects_Assange’s_Request_For_Appeal_After_Nearly A_Year⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ The_FBI’s_Role_In_the_War_on_WikiLeaks⠀⇛ o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ 37signals LLC ☛ Hybrid_combines_the_worst_of_office_and remote_work⠀⇛ The honeymoon for remote work is over, and managers who never liked the concept to begin with are plotting its complete reversal, so that things may return to how they were before The Great Remote Experiment. This experiment convinced millions of employees of how much better life could be without a commute or even having to live by the office, but also left uneasy the legions of managers whose skills and mindsets were anchored in the office. This reversal plot is know as hybrid work, and combines the worst of in-office and remote work worlds. The shrewd – but likely temporary – concession here is starting with three days in the office, two from home. By starting like this, managers who have no interest in remote work at all can claim to have “compromised”, dulling the urge to revolt. Then once resistance has worn down, the last two days can be dropped, and a full-time office reality can once again reign supreme. # ⚓ Patrick Breyer ☛ #Qatargate:_New_Ethics_Body_is_toothless⠀⇛ Today, the European Commission presented its plans for an inter-institutional Ethics Body in response to the “Qatargate” corruption scandal in the European Parliament to increase transparency in nine major EU institutions. But the proposed measures, such as a creating an ethics supervisory body without investigative and enforcement powers, are toothless, criticise MEPs from the Pirate Party, who recently presented their own proposals to increase transparency and integrity. # ⚓ NPR ☛ Courts_have_long_seen_K-9_dogs_as_impartial._Now police_bodycams_hold_them_accountable⠀⇛ A newly filed federal lawsuit in Texas shows cameras’ potential to undermine K-9 unit legitimacy. Houston resident Alek Schott accuses Bexar County Sheriff’s deputy Joel Babb of pulling him over on Interstate 35 on false pretenses, and then, when he refused to give permission to search his pickup truck, he says K-9 unit deputy Martin A. Molina III prompted his dog to “alert” to the scent of drugs. Historically, that claim would have been nearly impossible to prove. But in this case, Schott requested and received the officers’ body camera footage, giving him almost the same view the K- 9 handler had — including the moment the handler’s right hand made a gesture toward the attentive dog, which then jumped up on the pickup’s door. # ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Writers’_Shut-It-Down_Strategy_Has Been_Effective,_Executives_Privately_Concede⠀⇛ The focus on shutdowns, which rely on the cooperation of fellow workplace unions, is a remarkable shift for the Writers Guild. During its previous strike in 2007-08, when it found itself far more isolated and at odds with its nominal labor allies, there was no equivalent strategy. Now the guild finds itself the beneficiary of unity, in alignment with the fractious Hollywood worker caucus of other unions, each nursing their own set of at times overlapping grievances, and eager to soften the ground for their own contract negotiations. For its part, the WGA declined to “discuss the specifics” of the shutdown strategy. On average, a lost day of production costs companies between $200,000 and $300,000. Insurance policies don’t cover shutdowns that are caused by the strike. Leading industry underwriter Allianz notes to THR, “It is still early days and too soon to speculate on any impact on future insurance premiums.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Racist,_Insulting_Resurgence_of_Work Requirements⠀⇛ The nation has averted an entirely manufactured financial crisis. Last week, President Biden signed a deal hashed out with House Republicans to raise the debt ceiling—an arbitrary limit Congress places on how much debt the Treasury can take on to pay for the bills Congress itself already incurred—which means a US default, which could have wrecked the economy, is off the table until 2025. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Sydney_Cemetery_War:_meet_the_new boss,_same_as_the_old_boss⠀⇛ New Minister for Cemeteries, Steve Kamper, risks breaching the NSW Government’s direct dealings guidelines and a referral to ICAC over promises made to the Catholic Archdiocese before the March election. Callum Foote and Michael West report on the battle for control of Sydney’s cemeteries. To borrow from The Who’s classic rock song, Won’t Get Fooled Again, “meet the new boss, same as the old boss”, the Catholic hierarchy of the new Labor government under Chris Minns finds itself with the same grave challenges as the former government of Dominic Perrottet. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Texas_Lawmakers_Quietly_Pull_Funding_for Child_ID_Kits⠀⇛ For months, Texas lawmakers were on track to spend millions of taxpayer dollars to continue distributing child identification kits to Texas schoolchildren, a program championed by state officials. In April, both the Texas House and Senate approved preliminary budgets that included money for the National Child Identification Program’s kits. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_Cultural_Looting_of_Gaza⠀⇛ Human Rights activist Miko Peled on the theft of priceless archaeological treasures from Gaza, which he argues is part of a larger Israeli campaign of genocide and erasure. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Supreme_Court_Weakened_Legal_Protections_for Striking._Only_Jackson_Dissented.⠀⇛ Unions still have the right to strike, but eight Supreme Court members erected barriers to that fundamental right. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Call_it_fascism_Jonathan_Littell_on_the_trial_of Oleg_Orlov_and_why_imprisoned_dissidents_are_the_freest people_in_today’s_Russia_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A new political trial started in Moscow on Thursday, June 8. The defendant is Oleg Orlov, a Russian scientist, scholar, human rights advocate, and co-founder of Memorial, Russia’s key civil liberties organization, awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2022. The Russian authorities are accusing Orlov of “rehabilitating Nazism” and “discrediting the Russian military” — because he’s dared to compare Vladimir Putin’s regime to the fascist regimes of the past century. The lifelong activist is now threatened with up to five years in prison. The French-American novelist Jonathan Littell, who conducted humanitarian work in Chechnya in the early aughts, witnessing the warfare of Putin’s early years in power, writes about Oleg Orlov, the self-contradictory nature of the charges he is facing, and the importance of defiant dissidents like Orlov and their apparently impractical determination to remain in Russia, facing prosecution. Meduza has translated Littell’s defense of Oleg Orlov originally published in French. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ APNIC ☛ IPv6_in_Pakistan⠀⇛ Guest Post: How regulatory or policy support can support IPv6 deployment in Pakistan. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents and EU⠀➾ # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Rule_of_Law:_Commission launches_infringement_procedure_against_POLAND_for violating_EU_law_with_the_new_law_establishing_a special_committee [Ed: "Rule of Law" cannot be preached by the European Commission after its grotesque attack on laws, constitutions and conventions with the Unified Patent Kangaroo Court]⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 Today, the European Commission opened an infringement procedure by sending a letter of formal notice to Poland for violations of EU law. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ State_aid:_Commission_approves up_to_€8.1_billion_of_public_support_by_fourteen_Member States_for_an_Important_Project_of_Common_European Interest_in_microelectronics_and_communication technologies⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 The Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, an Important Project of Common European Interest (‘IPCEI’) to support research, innovation and the first industrial deployment of microelectronics and communication technologies across the value chain. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ EU_Chips_Act_triggers_further €22_billion_investment_into_European_semiconductor value_chain_|_Statement_by_Commissioner_Thierry_Breton [Ed: Thierry Breton, who keeps promoting criminals at the EPO and pushed for an illegal, unconstitutional, kangaroo court in direct violation of international conventions. What does the Commission stand for these days?]⠀⇛ European Commission Statement Brussels, 08 Jun 2023 Today the European Commission approved a large Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI) on Microelectronics and Communication Technologies… # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ MediaTek_accused_of_setting_‘patent troll’_on_rival,_says_it_will_defend_itself⠀⇛ Realtek names Future Link Systems, LLC as the patent assertion company in question, but is also suing Future Link’s parent company, IPValue Management, as part of the same case. # ⚓ Reuters ☛ MediaTek_says_will_defend_itself_in accusation_over_patent_‘bounty’_agreement⠀⇛ Realtek Semiconductor Corp’s lawsuit, lodged in California, accuses MediaTek of conspiring with IPValue Management Inc in an effort to drive Realtek out of the market and monopolise the industry for chips used in smart televisions and set-top boxes. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ US_Patent_Office_Proposes_Rule_To_Make_It Much_Harder_To_Kill_Bad_Patents⠀⇛ So, this is bad. Over the last few years, we’ve written plenty about the so-called “inter partes review” or “IPR” that came into being about a decade ago as part of the “America Invents Act,” which was the first major change to the patent system in decades. For much of the first decade of the 2000s, patent trolls were running wild and creating a massive tax on innovation. There were so many stories of people (mostly lawyers) getting vague and broad patents that they never had any intention of commercializing, then waiting for someone to come along and build something actually useful and innovative… and then shaking them down with the threat of patent litigation. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Pirate_IPTV:_Running_Costs_of_UK’s Largest_Service_Revealed⠀⇛ Last month five men behind pirate IPTV service ‘Flawless’ were sentenced to more than 30 years in prison. While the service generated millions in revenue, operations like this also cost a lot to run. So how much does it cost to buy pirate streams wholesale? Rent server infrastructure? Pay almost two dozen members of staff? Documents seen by TorrentFreak provide the answers. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ ‘Nude_Scenes’_Controversy_Triggers Call_on_Reddit_to_Filter_Infringing_Uploads⠀⇛ Reddit allows people to freely share and discuss content but that freedom has its downsides too. In Denmark, several actors feel abused and violated by Reddit users who clip and share their nude scenes completely out of context. There is a copyright angle to this as well, as the Rights Alliance urges Reddit to provide tools to screen uploads for potential infringements. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Raging_Bullshit:_Credits_and_the Hollywood_Economy⠀⇛ On May 24, the streaming platform Max, until recently HBO Max, and before that just HBO, issued an apology for a “an oversight in the technical transition from HBO Max to Max.” News of the “oversight” went viral on Twitter, thanks to an anonymous user posting under the handle John Frankensteiner. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ pet_mortality⠀⇛ I have to come to terms with my dog’s aging and death. It’s super hard on me to spot new things each month. Progression of his diseases, signs of old age, changes in his behavior or routines, changes in how he behaves on his walks. Sadly, 6 months are really, really long in a dog’s life, accounted for their overall lifespan. For us, it’s basically nothing, but for them and their bodies, it’s like multiple years. So much can change in that time. [...] I just think it’s heart breaking to see and know the dog from back then is still in there, but trapped in a failing meat suit, a prison. Thankfully he is still fine in the sense of eating well, pooping and drinking well, being playful, happy, wagging his tail, excited for walks, enjoying pets, and being talkative. But it’s only a matter of months or weeks until he will probably enter the final stage of Cushings, in which he becomes too weak to walk properly, or becomes completely incontinent, pissing himself constantly. That is when it’s time to let go. # ⚓ is_someone’s_opinion_all_that_matters?⠀⇛ Short answer, no. Everyone has different opinions on everything, and even when they do, it’s usually because of different reasons. So if you care about the other person’s opinions, it’s usually because either you can only see people as big balls of different opinions (so that you’d think it’s the only thing you can leech on to others), or you take your opinions more seriously than you probably should (as in all your identity is based around opinions). Otherwise even if the reasons are the same, it’s still just 1 opinion, and there are many other opinions that exists within a person. # ⚓ K-On!⠀⇛ Girl joining school club, girls do stuff, girl learn guitar, perform, meet people, do more stuff, somehow everything goes smooth, drink tea, a lot of tea, get stupid reasons, resolve stupid reasons. # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_ADHLOTU_Wordo:_FACTY⠀⇛ o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Gemini_Identity⠀⇛ @Morgan has a prototype implementation of an identity service for Gemini. This is certainly interesting! Some quick thoughts: * If this is something that people want to use, it should not rely on a single central server. Anyone should be able to self-host their identity service and servers should not assume a default one. * How does this mesh with people not wanting to be tracked across Geminispace? I suppose you can just opt not to use an identity service if you want to remain more anonymous. # ⚓ BBS_Comments_on_Cosmos⠀⇛ Cosmos has been updated to check bbs.geminispace.org for comment posts. Let’s see if this one appears in there! =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 8078 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 77 seconds to (re)generate ⟲