𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, July 29, 2023 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sun 30 Jul 02:43:00 BST 2023 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmT3zoVAjnNMysG3AwrDjJB6E9mZMfdBiE526FeMLjsPCr QmPraPUCdTb8axjdqzL5vWQtyPGoMq9yFiK4Ts9Y1VUCRd QmVZWnLPCLb7fKQWLQQwLBSjR6D3Qc16C2XphsJwnbwkSv QmRQyyDn3YVdPRFdNbdbWEg6FYpqRDUhBXCToy8QGb2WK2 QmUcdg9LEb51ttSbMSKMeYP9ZHuLtnRvNtD1YBuGqzjHoK QmacHX3CByCabNojZpnuR5dX8yT6XtWXfvRAHjs7XHfQZT QmTMgWZM3QiAKGJJsJmho9y788jtUFsqzjZqK5nZrG55TG QmZvRQcZYoHyQyicSZuWjRQBwYyutrMTwS4djqSMMmaXQF QmZ1gW9JnXmARx2an652WNYQTikdRSm4RPwXjtLwuS92H3 QmY9A43Qrrrgy55JExrQcHgQKFPQvDo2ETjuLPLWLWJrTw QmWUKfGSVN8rdKoVnXVHZdkxor1fetpRt4rCMCSPfFrXa6 QmSufCo8QxhkseXSz9A4DBqpvcx3j8ueXX8KsbMGXVbfDQ QmVrAjTH6aiVS9U95iPeqJh6iM6oMihHG4dBt7DeBE28QY QmQngnZVk1dzuJ18yPYbuJNMW22QWBLgQsasEQdYhFwWAT QmNrmAJhhmcXzfKhjUQosRyfvSTvwfMYVfjZ4MqkEn7eRL QmU6ifthPWpZXqt24VqzmCU36LYCSKm2pro7MYG2h3fW8r Qmbd6NSmac4tnVN29mZPRuPEMqfLuCqrSWtr7h11Sr4yZV QmeF5twvgzsyE9YptKQ4BCvd9PhGX4pH96vDvGxg1Xqbqb QmYfTomUhDqyRvYTU58bdbw2GSc1GR8WZYP782k6X1swT9 QmegDwUnvgnwipCDf5XAG7f4WpM7tz9ZGEZmfFHumn998K QmcF86aU48wkENPcvkMG3Uvpdn2Zh3Ww591VESr7YyFB1z ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Android is Not the Goal (But It Certainly Makes Microsoft and Windows Feeble) | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Fantastic Results, Fantastic Debt and Deficits | Techrights ⦿ FSF: Web Environment Integrity is an All-out Attack on the Free Internet | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, July 28, 2023 | Techrights ⦿ New FSF Video: Workshop on Video Editing with Kdenlive | Techrights ⦿ Most Microsoft Employees No Longer Want to Work for Microsoft, According to Internal Poll | Techrights ⦿ With Latest Systemd Release, Version 254, Lennart Microsoft Attacks Linux Diversity (and Thus Survivability) | Techrights ⦿ Nancy Anthracite on Using Free Software for Electronic Health Records at the US Department of Veterans Affairs | Techrights ⦿ Microsoft Windows Kills, Staff in Ambulances Cannot Function Due to Apparent Microsoft/Windows Breach (Ortivus) | Techrights ⦿ Social Control Media as a Bubble: Facebook (Meta) is in Debt Greater Than the Company is Really Worth or Has in the Bank | Techrights ⦿ GitLab the Company, Just Like GitHub (Now Part of Microsoft, Going Through Several Rounds of Layoffs This Year, Even Office Shutdowns), is Sinking Deep Into Debt and Showing the Risk of Outsourcing | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-on-web-environment-integrity/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-systemd-254/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/backlash-against-wei-api/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/communications-secretaries/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/disk-failure/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fsf-blasts-web-environment-integrity-drm/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 80 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/android-is-not-the-goal/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Android_is_Not_the_Goal_(But_It_Certainly_Makes_Microsoft_and_Windows Feeble)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Google, Microsoft, Windows at 4:53 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz From the official_GNU_Web_site: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Google's_Software_is_Malware⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Android_is_malware⦈_ No, he did not actually say this, it’s a joke. Summary: We need to strive for Software Freedom, which Android mostly denies, but if Android makes Windows more extinct (on the client side) and Linux more widespread, then we can get closer to mass adoption of GNU/Linux worldwide, with Free software rather than just proprietary “apps” on top 5 days ago we published_the_post_"About_Two-Thirds_of_the_World's_Surface_Now Android_(or_Linux)_Dominated" because, in case it’s not obvious, Android continues to grow (not just in terms of usage worldwide). Some avid iPhone fans are on the record as saying Android (or its OEMs) has surpassed — technically leapfrogged — Apple’s offerings; even some high-profile Apple enthusiasts who are quoted in the media this month shylessly say this. “Android is on about 3 out of 4 Internet-connected devices in Libya, at least as measured by one firm over the Web. It has a similar relative share in Pakistan and Afghanistan.”In terms of market share, Android is very widespread in the developing nations. Among the examples we’ve not highlighted yet, consider how widespread Android became in Muslim-majority nations. Android is on about 3_out_of_4_Internet-connected_devices_in_Libya, at least as measured by one firm over the Web. It has a similar relative share in_Pakistan and Afghanistan. Android is so widepsread that even most Microsoft employees use it. Maybe even the managers. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇R_U_2_using_Android?!?⦈_ Windows is rapidly_becoming_extinct_in_the_device_space. As we noted the other night, ChromeOS and Android both push DRM into Linux (yes, kernel space too, not just Web browsers). This is becoming a very real — and rapidly-growing — problem. Even the FSF has_just_lashed_out_at_Google. “We’re generally hoping that eventually ChromeOS and Android users will realise they need not be prisoners of Google.”While people in IRC stress the need for more emphasis on Android not being freedom, we need to look at a broader picture. psydruid says conflating the two is disingenuous; “Android hasn’t become “critical infrastructure” in the IT sphere although often authentication malware has to be installed on it even when logging in on desktops and laptops but none of the critical computing is done on phones [..] when Windows is done we can start working on putting Android out of the picture.” We’re generally hoping that eventually ChromeOS and Android users will realise they need not be prisoners of Google. Given the_similarities_to_GNU/Linux, migrating them over to computing freedom will be simpler than doing so when they transition from Windows. █ ⣶⡶⠒⠶⠖⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣧⠠⡀⠀⣡⠫⡉⡏⠋⡏⡏⡟⣭⢹⠛⠟⢻⢛⠛⡏⡗⢻⠛⡟⣿⡉⡛⢛⠿⢹⠛⡟⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣫⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣄⣰⣿⣷⢶⣷⣷⡷⣶⣿⣶⢾⡴⢷⣾⡾⡶⢷⣶⣾⡦⣤⣿⣶⡥⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣌⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠴⠶⠶⠶⠿⠼⠶⠦⠥⠤⠥⠤⠤⠤⠤⠭⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠦⠐⠀⠆⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠆⠀⠂⠰⠀⠀⠀⠂⠆⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣻⣺⣽⣀⣘⣀⣀⣂⣷⣷⣲⣷⣦⣼⣦⣷⣢⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⢽⢛⢻⢛⠿⡛⣫⠹⠛⣏⠟⢻⣿⠉⢽⢛⢟⢉⢙⠛⢻⡛⠻⡛⡻⠛⢿⡏⡟⢛⣿⣍⠛⢩⡛⢻⢹⢻⢻⡛⠻⡛⡻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣾⣮⣾⣮⣆⣀⣿⣶⣼⣿⣮⣾⣿⣮⣾⣮⣾⣾⣤⣷⣷⣧⣷⣷⣷⣬⣿⣷⣷⣴⣿⣿⣾⣾⣮⣾⣾⣶⣶⣧⣶⣷⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠶⠾⠿⢿⠶⡯⢷⠿⠴⠷⠿⢶⡮⢷⡷⠷⡿⢶⡶⠿⡿⢾⠶⠾⠼⢶⡶⠾⣿⠾⡷⠶⡶⢿⠿⡶⠾⡶⠮⡿⡶⠿⠶⠾⡷⢶⡶⢿⠾⠾⠾⠶⡿⢶⠷⢿⠷⡶⣾⡿⠿⠶⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢶⠶⠶⡶⡷⠷⠾⣶⢶⡶⠶⡶⢶⣖⡳⠽⡷⡶⠷⠖⠶⠶⠦⢶⢾⠶⢳⠷⡶⠶⠯⠶⠶⠾⠶⠶⢶⠾⠲⠷⢯⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢷⠾⡴⢾⠶⠶⠷⠷⡶⢿⢖⠶⡷⠲⠶⢷⠿⠾⠶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣞⣞⠶⣷⠶⠾⠶⣿⡺⠶⢷⢷⡾⠿⣷⣶⢷⠶⠿⠶⢾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⡶⢿⣶⣾⣾⣾⡶⢶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⡾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣵⣷⣾⣾⣧⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣦⣭⣀⢠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣇⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠒⠲⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡇⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⡃⠸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡿⢟⢏⢹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣃⣀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⡿⠋⠁⠉⠀⢀⣹⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⠁⠘⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣇⡀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣭⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣯⡀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠉⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣤⣿⣷⡄⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠠⣄⡉⠛⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⠛⣿⣿⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠹⣿⣷⡀⠉⠙⠛⠿ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠷⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠀⠲⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠃⠀⠀⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⡈⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣮⣛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣇⢟⡺⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⣀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣽⠇⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠙⢿⣧⣀⢀⣾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡟⢻⠛⡿⠉⡉⢻⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⡿⣷⠄⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠛⡟⠛⣿⡏⢩⠙⣿⡇⢸⠀⢇⠐⠤⣿⠀⡇⠀⠁⢹⠀⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠆⢸⣿⡀⢠⠀⣿⣿⠇⣰⣿⣇⠈⡄⢸⠉⠆⢸⠀⢻⣈⣆⣸⣄⣡⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢣⠈⣿⣇⣘⣀⣿⣯⣤⣭⣽⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⡶⠿⠿⣿⠟⠛⢿⠛⡟⢩⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢻⠛⡛⢻⡋⢉⠙⡏⢠⠈⢧⠀⡇⠰⠀⢻⠴⠇⢸⠀⣿⠛⠀⣸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⣷⠀⠃⢸⠀⢳⠀⡇⢨⠐⣇⠈⡆⢸⠀⣧⠀⠇⢸⠐⢶⣿⣇⣹⣉⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡁⠸⠀⣆⠘⣇⣘⣀⣧⣤⣤⣼⣦⣤⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⣤⡈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣹⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⢀⠈⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⡶⢛⡻⢋⣠⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣇⡁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣴⠁⠤⠞⠉⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣌⡻⣿⠁⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⡀⣉⣀⣰⣶⡼⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣉⣛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡏⣇⢿⠙⠟⣿⠏⠻⢛⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡦⠒⠙⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠿⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 254 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/fantastic-results/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Fantastic_Results,_Fantastic_Debt_and_Deficits⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Finance, Microsoft at 6:54 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇W-E:_This_is_OK.⦈_ It’s already_at_32.33_trillion, plus about_18_trillion_more_in_household_debt this_year. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇If_Microsoft_has_record_results_but_massively_lays_off_its own_staff_every_month,_then_someone_isn't_telling_you_the_true_results⦈_ Summary: Microsoft staff is baffled about the disparity between claims or prosperity and relentless_mass_layoffs among other cuts; maybe scepticism is well overdue ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡯⠭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢭⠩⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢹⢽⢽⢭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡏⡯⠭⠽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠭⠭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡏⠭⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣯⡁⠭⡭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⣭⢭⠨⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⣭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⡍⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢀⠐⡏⠈⠋⠉⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠈⢷⡇⢈⡀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠛⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠁⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡷⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣟⣚⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣒⣒⣆⣔⣗⣖⡆⣖⣖⣗⣲⣻⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣛⣻⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⣖⣖⣶⣒⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣒⣲⣲⢰⢲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣲⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣒⣒⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣺⣾⣿⡗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡟⠃⠥⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠿⠿⠇⠧⠧⠯⠧⠇⠹⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⢽⣿⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠨⣯ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣏⡁⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣩⣭⡅⣍⣏⣏⣍⠁⢈⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣓⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⡃⣟⣗⣗⣟⠀⢘⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣲⣲⣒⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠟⢿⠟⠛⠿⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⡟⠟⠛⠛⠻⣿⠛⠻⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⢿⠛⠟⠻⢻⣶⣲⣲⣶⡆⣖⣖⣖⡶⠀⢐⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠧⠁⠀⠘⡀⡸⢱⠀⡌⠘⠀⢀⠘⠀⡼⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣀⣘⣀⣀⣅⣀⣇⣸⣀⣀⣄⣃⣠⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⡿⡷⡷⡇⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡿⠃⠭⠅⠀⠀⠱⠃⠀⠲⠀⠘⠬⠁⠤⠊⠀⣿⣿⣿⢋⢙⣿⢫⢻⣟⠙⢹⡟⠙⢹⡿⠉⣿⡏⢻⣿⢹⡟⢉⢻⡟⠹⣿⢩⣿⢹⡿⢉⢻⡏⠋⣿⠋⢻⣿⠿⠽⠽⠿⠭⠯⠯⠯⠇⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠭⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⢭⢭⣭⠭⡯⡯⡏⠁⠀⠨⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠘⠁⢀⠀⢹⣿⡟⠁⢀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⡏⣯⡯⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣏⡁⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠒⢾⣿⡇⠀⢰⡀⠈⠐⢾⣿⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣛⣚⣛⣛⣃⣓⣓⣃⠀⠀⢘⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢘⣿⡇⠀⢸⠉⠰⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⣿⣟⣚⣚⣛⣒⣓⣗⡂⠀⠀⢐⣚ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣧⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣧⣤⣼⣦⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣺⣺⣶⣒⣗⣗⡂⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣸⣿⣧⡄⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣶⣶⡆⣦⡆⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⠽⠿⠇⡯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡿⠇⠭⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠽⠭⠭⠭⠯⠇⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⡭⣯⣿⣿⣽⢸⢽⢽⣽⣽⢨⣿⣯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣯⣿⣿⣽⢸⢽⢽⢽⣽⢭⣿⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣿⣿⣽⣽⢸⢹⢽⢽⣿⡯⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣿⣽⣽⢽⢸⢽⢽⣽⣿⡧⡯⡇⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣻⣸⣻⣿⢘⣿⣿⣇⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⣇⣗⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣻⣻⣿⣿⡇⡏⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣏⡁⣒⣓⣛⣛⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣐⣛⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣛⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣛⣛⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣓⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣚⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣛⣒⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣖⣶⣶⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣶⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣗⣖⡆⣖⣶⣶⣲⣲⢰⣰⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣗⡆⣖⣶⣲⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⡖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣖ ⣿⣿⠟⡛⡛⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠖⣷⣿⣿⣿⢸⢺⢺⢾⣾⢐⣿⣷⡇⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣾⣲⣿⡗⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣾⡷⡗⡗⡗⡗⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⢺⢸⢺⢺⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠀⠠⣿⣇⣀⣸⣿⣧⡄⠥⡭⣭⣭⢭⢸⢽⢼⢽⢭⠨⣭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡭⣭⡭⢭⢭⢸⢽⢽⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⡭⡯⡇⡭⡭⣭⢭⢽⢸⢹⢽⢭⢭⡭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡅⡯⣭⢭⢽⢽⢸⢭⢭⢭⣭⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢭ ⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡯⠭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠨⠯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡭⡯⠯⠽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⠯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⠽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠭⠽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠭⠭⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⠈⠠⣿⡟⠿⢻⣿⡿⠇⠭⠯⠯⠿⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⢸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⡯⠯⠽⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⠲⠶⣿⣷⣴⣼⣿⣷⡆⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣺⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣇⣧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣼⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣿⣛⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣛⣟⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣛⣒⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣛⣻⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣚⣻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣟⡃⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⢐⣒⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣒⣒⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⣒⣓⣒⣓⣓⡃⣒⣓⣒⣚⣚⢘⢚⣚⣒⣒⣒⣒⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣒⣒⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣒⣚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⠟⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣿⣿⣾⢸⣺⣺⣺⣾⢐⣿⣷⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⣺⣺⣺⣾⣒⣷⣗⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⢸⣸⣺⣺⣿⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⣺⣺⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿ ⣿⣿⣄⣒⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢽⠠⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠭⡿⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢽⢽⢿⡯⡯⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢼⢸⢼⢼⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢈⣈⣿⣇⣀⣸⣿⣯⡄⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠅⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠨⠭⠭⠭⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⣿⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠩⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⡯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣿⣯⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⢽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭ ⣿⣿⣀⡀⢀⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠇⣍⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⢹⣽⣿⢨⣿⣿⡏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⢹⣽⣿⣽⣿⣯⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢹⣽⣹⣿⣯⣏⣯⡏⡏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⢸⣹⣹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠐⠠⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣷⡆⣒⣗⣿⣿⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣿⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣿⣾⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣿⣺⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣺⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣿⣻⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⢌⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣗⣓⣒⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣖⣗⣗⣗⡇⣖⣗⣓⣚⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣒⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣒⣒⣒⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣒⣚⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣒⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣦⢀⠀⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣟⠃⣒⣓⣓⣛⣒⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⢐⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣓⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⣓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣒⣚⣚⢘⢘⣚⣚⣚⣒⣓⣓⡓⣓⡃⣓⣓⣚⣚⣚⢘⣚⣚⣒⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⠢⠰⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡇⠧⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⢸⢿⢿⠸⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢼⢿⢿⢿⠿⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢸⢸⢿⢾⣿⡿⡿⡿⡇⡧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⢸⢾⢼⢿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡿⡿⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⠿⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠿⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠿⢽⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠽⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⣿⣅⣸⣿⣿⣯⡅⠭⡭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠨⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⡭⣭⣭⢭⢨⢭⢭⢭⢭⠭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢬⢭⢭⢭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⡭⣭⣭⢭⢭⢨⢭⢭⠍⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⢽⣽⣽⠨⣿⣯⡏⡏⡇⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢹⢽⢽⣿⣭⣿⣯⡯⣯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⢸⣽⣽⣿⣯⣯⣯⡏⡯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣽⢽⢸⢽⢽⠃⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣄⠀⠤⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣓⣟⣿⣿⣿⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⢐⣿⣟⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⢸⣺⣺⣺⣻⣒⣟⣟⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣻⣻⢸⣺⣻⣺⣿⣗⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣿⣿⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⣉⣩⣿⣦⣼⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⢒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⡂⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⢐⣒⡂⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣷⣶⣲⢸⣺⣺⣺⣲⢐⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣷⣺⣲⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣖⣺⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣶⣲⣺⣺⢸⣺⠂⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣲ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⡟⠃⣖⣷⣿⣿⣿⢸⢺⢸⢾⣾⢐⣿⣿⡇⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⢸⣾⣿⣒⣿⣷⡗⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢸⢺⣺⣿⣗⣗⡗⡇⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⢸⢺⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠯⡿⠿⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⡿⡯⡧⡯⡇⡯⡿⡿⢿⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠿⢽⢽⢸⢸⢽⢽⠽⠯⡯⡯⡧⡯⡇⡯⠿⢽⢽⢽⢸⠍⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⢭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠩⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡿⠭⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⠭⢽⢽⢽⠸⠅⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢸⣿⣿⣯⡁⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⢨⣭⣭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢭⢭⢭⣭⣭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⢬⢭⢭⣭⣭⡭⡭⡭⡭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣻⣸⣻⣻⣘⣿⣿⣇⣇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣛⣿⣟⣟⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣻⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⣇⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣿⣚⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣗⣟⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣚⣒⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣛⣺⣺⢸⢺⣺⣺⣺⣓⣗⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣓⡛⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣖⣖⣶⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⢐⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣖⣖⣲⣲⢰⣲⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⣶⣶⣲⣲⢰⢲⣲⣲⣲⣖⣖⣖⣖⣖⡆⣖⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣖ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡒⣷⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣺⢐⣿⣷⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⢺⢺⣺⣾⣖⣷⣗⡗⡗⡇⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⢸⢺⣺⢺⣾⡗⡗⣗⡗⡗⡇⣷⠃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⡟⠃⠭⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠿⠿⠯⠯⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠭⠿⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠽⠽⠽⠿⠯⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⠭⡭⣭⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢭⠬⡭⡯⡯⡯⡇⠭⡯⠭⢭⠽⢸⢽⢽⢽⠭⠭⠯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⠭⢽⢽⢸⢹⠽⢭⢭⠭⠭⡯⡯⡯⡇⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⣯⣿⣭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⣯⣽⣽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⣯⡯⡯⡯⡇⣯⣯⣯⢽⢽⢸⢼⢽⢽⣽⡭⡯⡯⡏⡯⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣽ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣏⡁⣉⣏⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⣸⣹⣽⢨⣿⣯⡇⣇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣸⣹⣹⣿⣩⣿⣏⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣹⣹⣿⣯⣏⣏⣇⡏⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣗⣟⣟⣛⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⢐⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣗⣟⣟⣻⣺⢸⣺⣺⣺⣺⣒⣟⣗⣗⣗⡇⣟⣟⣛⣻⣺⢸⣸⣺⣺⣻⣓⣗⣗⣗⡃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⣖⣖⣖⣒⢸⣺⣺⣲⣲⢒⣒⣗⣖⣖⡇⣖⣗⣖⣲⣲⢸⣺⣺⣲⣒⣒⣖⣖⣗⣖⡇⣗⣗⣒⣺⣺⢸⣺⣲⣲⣲⣒⣖⣖⡖⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⣷⡆⣒⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⢐⣶⣶⡖⣖⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣲⣲⣲⣶⣶⣶⣖⣖⣖⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣲⢰⣲⣶⣲⣶⣖⣖⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠥⡯⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠨⣿⡿⡧⡧⡇⡯⣿⣿⣿⢿⢸⢼⢼⢽⢿⠭⡿⡯⡧⡧⡇⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢸⢼⢽⢼⣿⡧⡧⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡿⠇⠭⠯⠯⠿⠭⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠨⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠯⠽⠽⠸⠽⠽⠽⠽⠭⠯⠯⠯⠯⠇⠯⠯⠿⠽⠽⠸⠹⠽⠽⠽⠭⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠭⡯⡯⣿⠭⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠨⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⡯⣯⢽⢽⢸⢽⢽⢽⢽⠭⡯⡯⡯⡯⡇⡯⣯⡯⢽⢽⢸⢸⢽⠍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣭⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸⣽⣹⣽⣿⢸⣿⣿⣏⣏⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣹⠹⠹⠻⠙⠿⠏⠋⠋⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣓⣛⣛⣛⡛⢘⣚⣘⣛⣉⠈⣉⣉⣁⣁⡁⢉⣉⣉⣉⡉⢈⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣈⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠁⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢘⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣆⣀⣀⣀⣸⣷⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣷⣀⣀⣀⣠⣿⣆⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣂⣀⣀⣀⣼⣂⣀⣀⣀⣸⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⠀⠉⠉⠉⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠻⠿⠿⠛⠻⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣶⣶⣴⣴⣤⣴⣦⣤⣴⣶⣴⣦⣶⣴⣴⣦⣶ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣅⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⢀⣭⣬⣭⣿⣿⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣥⣤⣤ ⠶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠛⣿⣷⣾⡿⠶⢦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠽⠿⣿⣀⠀⠀⣤⣬⣍⣡⣀⡀ ⠒⠈⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⣛⣛⣛⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣝⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢧⠀⡉⠃⠈⣹⣿⣯⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣉⡀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠩⡿⠛ ⣤⠄⢀⣨⣥⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⡏⠉⠉⠍⠉⢩⢉⢉⢩⣽⠉⠙⠉⠉⠍⠩⡉⠉⠍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣀⡙⠛⠀⠀⠀⢠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣈⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤ ⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢹⠹⠙⠉⡍⠏⢹⠉⢹⠙⠉⠉⠏⠏⠉⢩⠉⣹⡏⠉⡍⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⢰⣾⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄ ⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⡒⡞⡚⢚⡖⠗⠛⠚⡞⡞⡒⡖⢒⢓⠓⢳⠲⢲⠻⠒⠒⢓⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢋⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡶⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢛⠛⠿⠿⠷⣴⣧⣧⣷⣶⣧⣦⣦⣤⣧⣦⣶⣼⣼⣮⣴⣼⣶⣼⣤⣴⣦⣼⣦⣼⣿⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⣼⡀⠈⣿⠏⢉⠉⠙⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢩⢨⣿⣭⠉⡀⠉⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⡸⠿⠀⣠⣄⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⣸⣿⠋⣿⠺⠶⠖⠲⠶⠒⠾⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣀⣐⣶⣮⣍⣍⡛⠛⠛⠿⠦⣀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⠃⠀⠘⢻⣿⡿⠟⢻⣿⠾⢿⣶⢿⠏⠹⣿⠛⠇⠀⠊⠘⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢨⠉⠉⢙⣿⣷⣿⢰⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣶⡶⠃⠀⠀⠀⢥⣐⣓⣀⠀⠀⠉⠉⡿⠐⠋⠀⠈⣀⣀⡀⠘⠁⠀⢈⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⣿⣶⠀ ⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⠀⢻⣿⣿⢭⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠗⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢨⡍⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠿⢇⣄⣀⣀⣀⠠⠈⠉⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢠⡄⡄ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠛⣿⣶⠘⣿⣿⢻⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⣸⣆⠀⠀⠀⠸⠷⢾⣿⣦⠤⢄⣄⠘⠟⠙⠿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠂ ⠋⠁⠀⠾⣿⣿⣟⠻⣿⠛⠘⠛⠛⠘⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⠟⢿⡟⣃⣤⡤⠤⣠⢾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⡝⠿⡷⠦⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⠰⠟⠛⠘⠃⠀⢠⣴⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⡀⠀⠀⠐⣶⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠘⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣥⣀⠌⠈⠀⠀⣴⠏⣼⣿⣷⣦⣠⣼⣿⡜⣦⡐⠉⠉⠘⡙⢿⠛⠃⢰⣿⣦⣠⣄⡘⣿⡘⠛⢃⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢥⢦ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⠀⢠⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢛⣻⠏⠀⠀⢀⣾⠏⠀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠉⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⣶⣄⠀⠹⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠿⢿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠽⠇⠀⠈⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣵⣾⣾⣿⣤⣤⣤⡤⡄⠀⢠⣤⣦⣴⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⡏⠀⢀⣤⣬⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣥⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠸⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣀⣀⠀⠠⣴ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠻⣿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⡍⠉⡏⢽⠹⢹⡋⢙⠋⢹⠉⠉⡏⠝⠉⠋⠋⡏⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠭⠍⠉⠛⠻ ⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣚⠈⠁⠀⠀⣿⡿⠟⠻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣇⣄⣇⣹⣠⣸⣭⣤⣄⣼⣠⣄⣇⣡⣤⣄⣆⣇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ FSF:_Web_Environment_Integrity_is_an_All-out_Attack_on_the_Free_Internet⠀✐ Posted in FSF, Protocol, Standard at 3:52 pm by Guest Editorial Team This work is licensed under a Creative_Commons_Attribution-No_Derivative_Works 3.0_license_(or_later_version) and was originally published in_the_FSF’s_site. Read why “Web Environment Integrity” is terrible, and why we must vocally oppose it now. Google’s latest maneuver, if we don’t act to stop it, threatens our freedom to explore the Internet with browsers of our choice. Editorial note: For greater visibility, this article has been published here, on fsf.org. You can also find it on defectivebydesign.org, which also has other DRM-related articles and materials. Using a free browser is now more important than ever. We’ve written recently on this topic, but the issue we wrote about there was minor compared to the gross injustice Google is now attempting to force down the throats of web users around the world. The so-called “Web Environment Integrity” (WEI) is the worst stunt we’ve seen from them in some time. Beginning its life as an innocuous, if worrying, policy document posted to Microsoft GitHub, Google has now fast- tracked its development into their Chromium_browser. At its current rate of progress, WEI will be upon us in no time. By giving developers an API through which they can approve certain browser configurations while forbidding others, WEI is a tremendous step toward the “enshittification” of the web as a whole. Many of us have grown up with a specific idea of the Internet, the notion of it as a collection of hyperlinked pages that can be accessed by a wide variety of different machines, programs, and operating systems. WEI is this idea’s antithesis. Compared to its staggering potential effects, the technical means through which WEI will accomplish its ends is relatively simple. Before serving a web page, a server can ask a third-party “verification” service to make sure that the user’s browsing environment has not been “tampered” with. A translation of the policy’s terminology will help us here: this Google-owned server will be asked to make sure that the browser does not deviate in any way from Google’s accepted browser configuration, precluding any meaningful use of the four freedoms. It is not far-fetched to imagine a future in which sites simply refuse to serve pages to users running free browsers or free operating systems. If WEI isn’t stopped now, that future will come sooner than we think. While Web Environment Integrity has a policy document that attempts to explain valid ways in which it could be used, these are all non-issues compared to the way that we know it will be used. It will be used by governments to ensure that only their officially “approved” (read: backdoored) browsers are able to access the Internet; it will be used by corporations like Netflix to further Digital Restrictions Management (DRM); it will be used by Google to deny access to their services unless you are using a browser that gels with their profit margin. Once upon a time, Google’s official policy was “don’t be evil.” With the rapid progress they’ve made on Web Environment Integrity in such a short time, we can say very safely that their policy is now to pioneer evil. As we write this, talented and well-paid Google engineers and executives are working to dismantle what makes the web the web. Given that Google is one of the largest corporations on the planet, our only hope of saving the Internet as we know it is a clear and principled stance for freedom, a collective upholding of the communal principles on which the web was based. Let us repeat: there is absolutely no legitimate justification for WEI. The use cases that the policy document highlights are nothing compared to its real use case, which is developing a method to obtain complete and total restriction of the free Internet. We urge everyone involved in a decision-making capacity at Google to consider the principles on which the web was founded, and to carefully contemplate whether Web Environment Integrity aligns with those principles. We hope that they will realize WEI’s fundamental incompatibility with the free Internet and cease work on the standard immediately. And if they don’t? Well, they ought to be ashamed. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 488 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/irc-log-280723/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_July_28,_2023⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 3:01 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-280723.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-280723.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-280723.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-280723.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmU96X9e8TPqCtaSRVZKGGYApRNDUyLCsK644YCAwftAsS #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  Qmbj8jUKUss4Y8VazzpLBMph7VNgpxurXXLYy6Fn1c26Ap (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmbHKj3vxQKxmfoxP2nHUu6uzVoRnTFgqL7m3UHemAR3da social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPWik368ZKJHn4NgEm6zuYycVGFbuQMeMkPeL82aDa4Nz social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmSiHtAWLrLwkTDgJLT8inyhu6bJomscymgne6LCjqZNXB #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmauoHqKe7XchNZ7YrNaETcMWTwcJxADWfgyf5w1mn4Lhk (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmVJsaPtYTGLjPH3DLchJLhPe8fVf75Vvrx7d8565vke6v #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmS8QBgubbC2CZ8apvJPJxCsuyBYqGmh2oof6AarF8H6QH (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmcF86aU48wkENPcvkMG3Uvpdn2Zh3Ww591VESr7YyFB1z ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 615 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/klaatu-on-editing-with-kdenlive/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ New_FSF_Video:_Workshop_on_Video_Editing_with_Kdenlive⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, Videos at 5:15 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/3446/kdenlive- workshop-july-12-2023.webm Summary: The LibrePlanet MediaGoblin instance uploaded this_talk_by_Seth_Kenlon aka_klaatu just 2 days ago. The summary says: “Edit your videos with free software! Kdenlive is a robust and professional-grade editing application that’s surprisingly quick to learn and easy to use. In this workshop, Seth Kenlon of Slackermedia.info shows you the basics you need to get started, plus as many advanced tricks as ninety minutes will allow, so that you can make videos that look GNU+Amazing.” Licence: CC_BY-SA_4.0 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 654 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-staff-morale/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Most_Microsoft_Employees_No_Longer_Want_to_Work_for_Microsoft,_According_to Internal_Poll⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft at 5:01 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Published earlier_today_(“Microsoft_Internal_Polls_Leak_Exposes_Employee Discontent”): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Less than half of the employees indicated they would stay at Microsoft if offered a similar position elsewhere. The percentage of employees willing to stay dropped from 68% in January to 48% in July. The falling morale comes amid layoffs and the company’s decision to halt raises and cut its budget for bonuses and stock awards this year.⦈ Summary: The never-endingmass_layoffs_at_Microsoft have taken a heavy toll on staff morale; the staff wants to work somewhere else (if possible) ⡏⠍⠉⠩⡍⡙⢹⠍⣹⢹⠙⠏⠋⡭⠿⢉⢿⣿⠛⠿⣿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠻⠿⡿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠿⣿⡟⠟⠿⠿⣿⣿⢛⠿⠻⣿⣿⢛⠿⡿⢿⠿⠟⡟⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡟⠛⠿⣿⡟⡻⢿ ⠷⠶⠶⠶⠷⠿⠾⠶⠾⠼⠾⠶⠷⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣉⣙⣭⣟⣉⣹⣉⣙⣝⣝⣉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣟⣟⣻⣉⣋⣻⣯⣋⣉⣿⣹⣭⣛⣟⣻⡟⣛⡟⣛⣛⣻⣻⣻⣻⣟⣙⣫⣏⣟⡛⣿⣻⣟⣋⣿⣛⣟⢻⣟⣹⣉⣻⣛⣛⣻⣉⣯⣟⣫⣟⣛⣻⣟⣻⣙⣻⣏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠟⠛⠛⣻⠟⠛⠛⠟⡻⡛⠟⣿⠛⠛⢻⡛⢛⠻⠛⢛⠛⠛⣿⠛⣟⠛⠛⠟⠻⠛⢻⢻⠿⢻⢛⡟⡟⣻⠟⢛⣛⣟⠛⠛⢟⠛⡛⡛⠛⣛⡟⠟⡛⢿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣧⣼⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣦⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣼⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣤⣤⣴⣧⣴⣿⣤⣴⣯⣤⣥⣼⣥⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣴⣴⣼⣽⣤⣷⣮⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 705 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-systemd-254/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/microsoft-systemd-254/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ With_Latest_Systemd_Release,_Version_254,_Lennart_Microsoft_Attacks_Linux Diversity_(and_Thus_Survivability)⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, Kernel, Microsoft, Red_Hat at 10:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Matthew Garrett, Lennart Poettering, and Miguel de Icaza⦈ What do you need choice for anyway? Summary: A new version of Systemd has come out and it stages another attack on alternatives; we resurrect an old article about the “history of modern init systems” Microsoft Systemd 254 was released with the note (in LWN) that: “The announcement also notes the support for split-/usr systems will be removed in the next release, and support for version-one control groups and for System V service scripts will be deleted in the near future as well.” This is kind of a big deal to those of us who don’t want Systemd (our servers adopted Alpine Linux, which hasn’t got Systemd). Also remember who controls Systemd, not just its development environment, which is proprietary. “Odd to see systemd get a headline feature the daemontools lineage has had for decades,” one comment said in LWN. Yes, Systemd has its share of critics. They’re not “haters”, they just know what’s going on. Consider what was posted_yesterday_in_dyne.org, which is connected to Devuan (the Systemd-Free Debian): Hi, A new, official systemd release (254) has just been tagged: * Support for System V service scripts is now deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please make sure to update your software *now* to include a native systemd unit file instead of a legacy System V script to retain compatibility with future systemd releases. A wonderful excuse to remove the last init scripts from packages. Ciao, Tito One reader told us that the systemd 254 attack might be worth covering briefly in the context of the_Halloween_Documents, of course. Because one thing Systemd gravitates towards is monoculture and vendor lock-in through complexity. Systemd isn’t really modular. If you adopt it, you adopt a whole lot of stuff and if you reject it, many things may become incompatible. Systemd is a monolith. “There was a relevant link somewhere about the history of Init Systems with an overview of each (systemd is not an init system),” a reader told us, “but that article is impossible to find in the search engines.” It turns out the article, A_history_of_modern_init_systems_(1992-2015), became a dead link which is only accessible in the Wayback Machine. It was published eight years ago and it’s already offline, so we’re reproducing it below. For some context, Systemd isn’t an init system and it never was. It was an excuse to rewrite and change everything. An init “is the first process started during system boot. It is a a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. Init is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes, and automatically adopts all orphaned processes. It is started by the kernel using a hard-coded filename; if the kernel is unable to start it, panic will result. Init is typically assigned process identifier 1.” Please find below the overview based on an article once available at https:// blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2015/09/05/0/ (dead link now). =============================================================================== § A history of modern init systems (1992-2015)⠀➾ by VR The subject of process management, supervision and init(8) for Unix-like systems is one plagued by a large degree of ahistoricity and “pop culture” explanations. This leads to a lot of confusion and misunderstanding surrounding feature sets and how one formulates the problems surrounding reliable process management on Unix in general, making it a ripe topic for demagogues of all persuasions. Where GNU/Linux is concerned, the most common chronology given is that first there was sysvinit. It sucked for a long time, but for whatever reason no one did anything about it until Apple created launchd, which inspired Ubuntu to make (or depending on who you sympathize with, NIH) Upstart only to hamper it with a CLA. Then in 2010 systemd changes everything. Oh, and in the meantime, Gentoo did something called OpenRC or whatever. Indeed, the timeline of events and solutions is poorly understood, which very often colors perceptions about just how novel existing solutions are. Most critically, without a good historical understanding, you are unable to learn from the mistakes of previous undertakings and perhaps end up unnecessarily making the same errors in your design. The purpose of this article is to set the record straight on the history of attempts to create “modern” init systems, where we define “modern” somewhat broadly as anything that tries to improve the classical BSD and System V styles of initialization and service management. This article is not meant to impart any technical judgments, but to simply document what has been done, so that people interested in systems software research and particularly Unix process supervision, can use it as a quick reference for prior art. Just as importantly, it is meant to inform more casual readers as to the history of solutions in this problem space and hopefully broaden their horizons about this controversial issue. It will not necessarily go into deep technical analysis, but rather provide general overviews and links for further information. (Before we begin, this article will not cover basic supervisors that cannot be adapted into init(8) daemons, such as supervisord, monit, Circus, God, bluepill and Eye. These are popular with web development crowds considering many of them are based on languages like Python or Ruby, but they are not init systems, and generally not novel, either.) § IBM System Resource Controller (1992)⠀➾ Probably the first modern init system, written for IBM AIX. It was the first to insist on the now well known supervision semantics of not having services daemonize themselves, but instead have them be daemonized by the supervisor itself. It was also the first to operate not just on daemons, but “subsystems” – which could be groups of daemons and auxiliary programs. Solaris SMF would reuse the same principle, 13 years later. SRC was a fully contained framework, having tools for starting, stopping, restarting and obtaining status for subsystems. SRC did not rely on scripting or even traditional service configuration, but instead relied on using commands to register subsystems and servers inside its own object database. Again, SMF would echo this by introducing a service configuration repository for storing runtime data and persistent configuration, though still retaining user-visible configuration files in the form of XML manifests. § daemontools (1997) + derivatives (1997-2015)⠀➾ The Maxwell’s equations of Unix process management. Initially released by Daniel J. Bernstein in 1997, it has since went on to become massively influential and often used to the present day. It has inspired several derivatives and directly influenced systems that have been more deviating from its model such as minit, ninit and depinit. Virtually all init systems can and have been mapped as supersets of daemontools in one form or another (e.g. systemd => nosh). See JdeBP’s “The_daemontools_family”, Wayne Marshall’s daemontools_section_in “the_djb_way”and Bernstein’s own_page for far better overviews than I could ever give. § rc.d (2000)⠀➾ rc.d is a modular, dependency-based initscript framework initially adopted by NetBSD circa 2000, primarily designed by Luke Mewburn. It has since spread to the other BSDs, replacing the old, completely flat /etc/rc. In rc.d, the init(8) daemon executes /etc/rc, which runs the rcorder(8) program for calculating ordering dependencies on the initscripts in /etc/rc.d/. Initscripts are written in a clean, standard format based on a file of common subroutines called /etc/rc.subr, from which all initscripts source. In turn, the global system and service startup behavior from which services to enable/ disable, to name service configuration and other modules, is done from the / etc/rc.conf file, a shell script sourced by /etc/rc, working on simple key- value pairs. rc.d manages to retain a high degree of configurability and flexibility with most common pain points about System V initscript-based systems being completely eradicated, but it is again limited to a basic management framework by design. Arch Linux used an rc.d-like setup before migrating to systemd in 2012. § simpleinit, jinit and the need(8) concept (2001-3)⠀➾ Envisioned by Richard Gooch in his 2002 paper “Linux_Boot_Scripts” as the middle ground between SysV and BSD, with a twist. In short, it was based on a flat directory of short scripts in /sbin/init.d providing services and being synchronized through the use of two small utilities: need(8) and provide(8), which are in turn symlinked to the argv[0] of initctl(8). These two primitives were meant to obsolete runlevels in favor of state transitions and provide dependency management. provide(8) registers a service based on a name, and need(8) starts or stops a service in a blocking fashion depending on whether the name exists. display-services(8) was present for status listing. Otherwise, the standard SysV inittab(5) was retained. See also the initctl(8) manpage. It did gain some modest success, being included in several embedded or experimental projects, as well as serving as an early example of dependency- based init. It is still used to this day by at least one active distribution, Source Mage GNU/Linux. simpleinit directly inspired John Fremlin to write a derivative in C++ entitled jinit, which unusually used System V message queues for its IPC. It has not been updated since 2003. § minit (2001-2)⠀➾ Designed by Fefe (Felix von Leitner), it can be somewhat described as an inverted (endogenous) daemontools. Where daemontools spawns a separate supervise process for each service, minit unifies it into a central msvc supervisor. It also has a very basic dependency system through each service directory having a “depends” file, really just a way of calculating service ordering. It can start services both synchronously and asynchronously. It’s very tiny with a minimal footprint, being designed to link to dietlibc, made by the same author. A 2004_presentation_at_Linux_Kongress goes into more detail about the principles behind minit. Nikola Vladov later forked it around 2007 to create ninit, which extended minit with more service configuration options, as well as adding sysvinit compatibility. § depinit (2002)⠀➾ depinit, written by Richard Lightman circa 2002, was a system self-described as “[incorporating] ideas from sysvinit, simpleinit, daemontools and make”. It supported parallel service startup, a relatively intelligent (for its time) dependency system where the minimum number of dependent services were calculated when having to stop something, rotating loggers through pipes and user-configurable signals for how to operate on processes. It eschewed runlevels in favor of grouping services by name in the file system, and had a fully self-contained shutdown procedure that did not depend on scripts. It used shell scripts, but these were much more concise due to having a sane process management system. It unfortunately failed to gain significant notice and died out. § daemond (2002-3)⠀➾ A seldom known but historically interesting system, daemond came with a relatively intricate at the time system for resolving dependencies (including special stanzas for kernel modules), and its own configuration syntax based on blocks that could optionally include fragments from shell scripts (similar to Upstart jobs). Example: service "fsck" { description "Check filesystems"; require "lvm"; setup "/sbin/fsck -C -R -A -a"; } service "mount-local" { require "fsck"; description "Mount local filesystems"; setup "/sbin/mount -a -v -t nonfs,nosmbfs"; } Other than services, it also read an initial configuration file from /etc/ daemond.rc and was designed around fast parallel startup. Its dependency stanzas were as follows: require "file-or-service"; This states that the service cannot be started at all unless the file is present, or the service has been succesfully started. need "file-or-service"; Same as require, except that if the dependency cannot be satisfied then the entire service is made unavaliable, as though it did not exist (so that services that depend on it will be able to proceed). This is useful when you want a service that must start when some condition is met, but which is optionnal otherwise. want "service"; This is not a proper dependency, but a 'collaborating' service. This directive states that if the service where it appears starts, then service must be attempted as well, but need not succeed. require module "module"; need module "module"; Same as the first two, but for kernel modules. It is usually better to rely on kernel autoloading for the most part. group "group"; This places the service in a group. That group can then be refered to as if it was a service (starting all of the group) and will be deemed successful if all the members of the group are started, unless... require any "group"; ...is used, in which case the group will be deemed succesful if /any/ service in the group is started. mode "mode" { ... }; This defines a target mode (akin to init's runlevels). It can only contain dependencies. It was written in C++ instead of C, and the author evidently had ambitions for it, saying in his README: I want this to someday be a mainstream alternative to the antedeluvian SysV >and BSD inits, and it needs to be hammered on by lots of people. If you >created the service definition files to make your system boot right, I almost >certainly want a copy– especially if you are using a standard distribution– >so that I can distribute those as well. It failed to leave an impression. § GNU dmd (2003)⠀➾ dmd (daemon managing daemons) is a system initially launched in 2003 by Wolfgang Jährling, most notable for being entirely written and configurable in Guile Scheme. It was comatose (if not dead) for nearly a decade, it was revived in 2013 as part of the Guix transactional package management system, also written in Guile. Today it is used as the init daemon and service manager for the Guix System Distribution. It is well_documented and generally simple, being based on dependencies in the form of a provides/requires relationship and having service configuration routines be reusable Scheme macros, including so-called constructors for encapsulating various execution disciplines. Due to the primacy of the underlying Scheme language, it is thus remarkably flexible and extensible. Here is a sample from the GuixSD sources: (define (root-file-system-service) "Return a service whose sole purpose is to re-mount read-only the root file system upon shutdown (aka. cleanly \"umounting\" root.) This service must be the root of the service dependency graph so that its 'stop' action is invoked when dmd is the only process left." (with-monad %store-monad (return (service (documentation "Take care of the root file system.") (provision '(root-file-system)) (start #~(const #t)) (stop #~(lambda _ ;; Return #f if successfully stopped. (sync) (call-with-blocked-asyncs (lambda () (let ((null (%make-void-port "w"))) ;; Close 'dmd.log'. (display "closing log\n") ;; XXX: Ideally we'd use 'stop-logging', but that one ;; doesn't actually close the port as of dmd 0.1. (close-port (@@ (dmd comm) log-output-port)) (set! (@@ (dmd comm) log-output-port) null) ;; Redirect the default output ports.. (set-current-output-port null) (set-current-error-port null) ;; Close /dev/console. (for-each close-fdes '(0 1 2)) ;; At this point, there are no open files left, so the ;; root file system can be re-mounted read-only. (mount #f "/" #f (logior MS_REMOUNT MS_RDONLY) #:update-mtab? #f) #f))))) (respawn? #f))))) § pinit (2003)⠀➾ pinit was a barely known yet surprisingly important init system designed by Wouter von Klaunen circa 2003. It was arguably the first system to use XML as its service configuration language, predating even launchd and SMF. These resembled the following: /sbin/swapon -a /sbin/swapoff -a As can be evidenced, it had a dependency system (more of an ordering-based one than a fully transactional dependency resolver like SMF or systemd). It supported parallel service startup and also might have been the first to have a plugin system. That is to say, various bootup procedures, instead of being hardcoded into the init daemon or launched as scripts, were dynamically loaded and unloaded into/from pinit’s address space as shared objects, though there did not appear to be a formally defined API. Runlevels were set aside in favor of static profiles listing what to enable/ disable for a state transition, not unlike systemd presets. It was somewhat heavyweight in comparison to its predecessors, making use of libxml and GLib for its utility library. It was abandoned and ultimately failed to leave an impression. § initng (2005)⠀➾ Initially released by Jimmy Wennlund in March of 2005 and largely tested on Gentoo systems, initng was one of the more ambitious and complete new-school systems. Besides the usual process management, supervision, service grouping (called runlevels here), dependencies and parallelism, it was most notable for its extremely comprehensive plugin system, having 47 in the base system by its final release. Plugins were capable of hooking into over 20 different segmented subsystems private to initng. These are all documented here, but they effectively turn the init daemon into a dedicate module loader and handler. Services themselves were configured in a block-based format called ifiles, initng providing many prewritten files, e.g. service service/aumix { use = service/alsasound; need = system/initial system/bootmisc; stdall = /dev/null; script start = { if [ -f /etc/aumixrc ] then @/usr/bin/aumix@ -f /etc/aumixrc -L else @/usr/bin/aumix@ -v75 -c75 -w75 fi }; exec stop = @/usr/bin/aumix@ -f /etc/aumixrc -S; } As such, it could be regarded as a comprehensive example of a meta-init. It was considered_by_Ubuntu at one point, but they ultimately decided to create Upstart, instead. The initng project has since quietly died, gaining little to no success. § launchd (2005)⠀➾ Arguably the first “new-school” init system, characterized by having much of the logic all in the init(8) daemon while talking to it with a control utility. Configured through XML plists. In OS X, it’s also the bootstrap daemon (discovery registry) for Mach kernel services. Popularized the buzzword_of “socket_activation”. Segregates daemons (system-wide) from agents (per-user), the latter being grouped into types welded into OS X-specific subsystems like the loginwindow or the Aqua UI. Revolves around pure lazy loading of services, with no formal dependency model, instead expecting services to synchronize themselves via IPC throughout the rest of the OS X stack. Couples process types to scheduling policies and resource limits, evidently meant to preserve desktop responsiveness. It was considered for Ubuntu, thrown away for licensing reasons (at the time it used the GPL-incompatible Apple Public Source License). Currently being explored by the NextBSD project and potentially for FreeBSD later down the road. § Service Management Facility (SMF) (2005)⠀➾ Solaris SMF was likely the first to have a complicated transactional dependency system, these being tracked in an internal graph engine. Designed for complex server management scenarios. Integrates deeply with Solaris Fault Manager for tracking hardware anomalies, each service being identified through an FMRI (Fault Management Resource Identifier). Services are configured using XML manifests, which are then compiled into a database called the service configuration repository (where services may also optionally store runtime data), which can be read from using svcprop(1) and dynamically configured with svccfg(1). Service instances themselves are controlled through svcadm(1) and status obtained with svcs(1). SMF differentiates between the master restarter (svc.startd, the default dependency manager) and delegated restarters, which export the same service states as the master restarter but have different, application-specific behaviors. Under Solaris, inetd is a delegated restarter. More information can be found at the_Oracle_documentation. § eINIT (2006)⠀➾ Similar to initng in it being heavily plugin-based, the init daemon is only a handler. Also targeted towards Gentoo. Configured in XML. Significantly higher meta-configurability than initng, each module being configurable with XML in the einit.xml manifest. Based on provides/requires type of dependencies and an event subsystem, but more for internal events like monitoring module loads/ unloads than something meant for services to register to. Example: Failed to gain traction and since abandoned. § Upstart (2006)⠀➾ Originally designed by Scott James Remnant for Ubuntu. Briefly used in Fedora at one point, still in ChromeOS (Ubuntu itself moving on to systemd). Upstart revolves around the idea of emitting events and taking actions in response, e.g. start and stop a service. It provides several modules called bridges to translate various kernel or userspace events into its own native queue. The list of built-in events is defined in upstart-events(7). First to use D-Bus as the communication mechanism inside PID 1. An event is thus an abstract precondition or postcondition for taking an action with regards to a service. They are just as much about synchronization as they are about dynamism and lazy loading. The_Upstart_Cookbook goes in-depth into the architecture. § Asus eeePC fastinit + derivatives (2007-2015)⠀➾ As part of Asus’s eeePC notebook line around 2007-2008, which had variants preinstalled with a GNU/Linux distribution called Xandros, they wrote a proprietary init(8) replacement entitled fastinit specifically designed for the purpose of… booting really fast, I suppose. In 2008, it was reverse_engineered_by_Claudio_Matsuoka. The reason for its speed was simple. It was a completely self-contained boot logic in a small C program that directly called to POSIX for all operations that would usually be run as a shell script. It was designed for static configurability at compile time by editing the hardcoded C macros. As such, it also wasn’t flexible. Around 2014-2015, however, it was forked and significantly extended by embedded developer Joachim Nilsson and rechristened finit. Much like the previously mentioned pinit, finit works on a plugin-based system for hooking into the boot logic dynamically, except it actually has a clearly defined API. It stays compatible with SysV runlevels and comes with an embedded inetd for preopening server sockets, and is configured using a flat /etc/ finit.conf file, like so: user admin host testbed check /dev/vda1 module button module evdev module loop module psmouse runlevel 2 network service networking start tty /dev/tty1 tty /dev/tty2 tty /dev/tty3 # Alternative method instead of runparts #task [S] /etc/init.d/keyboard-setup start -- Setting up preliminary keymap #task [S] /etc/init.d/acpid start -- Starting ACPI Daemon #task [S] /etc/init.d/kbd start -- Preparing console #run [2] /etc/init.d/networking start -- Start networking # Services to be monitored and respawned as needed service [2345] /sbin/klogd -n -- Kernel logging server service [2345] /sbin/syslogd -n -- Syslog server service [3] /usr/sbin/gdm -- GNOME Display Manager # Run start scripts from this directory # runparts /etc/start.d # Inetd services inetd time/udp wait [2345] internal -- UNIX rdate service inetd time/tcp nowait [2345] internal -- UNIX rdate service inetd ssh@eth0:222/tcp nowait [2345] /usr/sbin/sshd -i -- SSH service inetd ssh/tcp nowait [2345] /usr/sbin/sshd -i -- SSH service # For multiple instances of the same service, add :ID somewhere between # the service/run/task keyword and the command. service :1 [2345] /sbin/httpd -f -h /http -p 80 -- Web server service :2 [2345] /sbin/httpd -f -h /http -p 8080 -- Old web server finit is definitely oriented towards more limited systems, but it manages to impart a lot of flexibility with its small surface. § OpenRC (2007)⠀➾ Used primarily by Gentoo but also Alpine Linux and others, meant to replace the earlier Gentoo baselayout scripts. OpenRC in fact doesn’t supply an init daemon, but provides a comprehensive process management framework (though little in the way of supervision, as it is meant to integrate with external supervisors, such as its explicit support for the s6 daemontools-like supervisor) heavily influenced by the rc.d of the BSD systems. Hence the name. It has been booted from Busybox init+mdev and sysvinit successfully. See the Gentoo_wiki and ArchWiki overviews. § Android init (2008)⠀➾ Android init is a specialized init daemon designed to handle platform-specific features like system properties and provide a generic lazy loading system based on an event mechanism called actions, some user-defined, others set by the init daemon itself. It is configured in a monolithic /init.rc using a line-based configuration language. I have a detailed article about its workings which can_be_read_here. It does not have much in the way of novelty, but rather is intended to be something vendors can configure once in their initramfs and forget afterwards. § systemd (2010)⠀➾ Originally_meant_to_be_called_Babykit. No further clarification necessary. § procd (2012)⠀➾ procd is a small init daemon with supervision designed specifically for OpenWrt, and thus tailored towards systems like routers. It uses a small, object-oriented message bus implementation called ubus for communication, and supports service sandboxing through namespaces and through syscall filtering like seccomp-bpf. A special library for init scripts is used, e.g. START=50 USE_PROCD=1 start_service() { procd_open_instance procd_set_param command /usr/bin/xupnpd procd_append_param command -d /usr/share/xupnpd procd_set_param respawn procd_close_instance } Where the procd_ routines serialize the arguments into JSON and pass them over ubus. § Epoch (2014)⠀➾ Epoch is a deliberately minimalist init daemon having full process management and supervision, but executing all processes serially/synchronously. Uses the Object metaphor for services and similarly to Android init, is configured using a central file (here INI-like), e.g. Hostname=FILE /etc/hostname DefaultRunlevel=boot EnableLogging=true DisableCAD=true BlankLogOnBoot=true MountVirtual=procfs sysfs devpts+ devshm+ ObjectID=sysclock ObjectDescription=Configuring system clock ObjectStartCommand=hwclock -s ObjectStopCommand=hwclock -w ObjectStartPriority=1 ObjectStopPriority=2 ObjectEnabled=true ObjectOptions=RAWDESCRIPTION ObjectRunlevels=boot core ObjectID=mountruntmp ObjectDescription=Mounting /run and /tmp ObjectStartCommand=/etc/epoch/scripts/mountruntmp.sh ObjectStopCommand=NONE ObjectStartPriority=2 ObjectStopPriority=0 ObjectEnabled=true ObjectOptions=RAWDESCRIPTION ObjectRunlevels=boot core hurr ObjectID=rwfs ObjectDescription=root filesystem read-write support ObjectStartCommand=/bin/mount -o remount,rw / ObjectStopCommand=/bin/mount -o remount,ro / ObjectStartPriority=4 ObjectStopPriority=6 ObjectEnabled=true Uses its own private, basic message bus implementation based on System V shared memory. As is observed, it has the concept of priorities for ordering as opposed to dependencies. Priorities can also be used for logical groupings, and a priority of 0 is equivalent to a mask or hard disable. § sinit (2014)⠀➾ Über alles. # MIT license. #include #include #include #include #include #include #define LEN(x) (sizeof (x) / sizeof *(x)) static void sigpoweroff(void); static void sigreap(void); static void sigreboot(void); static void spawn(char *const []); static struct { int sig; void (*handler)(void); } sigmap[] = { { SIGUSR1, sigpoweroff }, { SIGCHLD, sigreap }, { SIGINT, sigreboot }, }; static char *const rcinitcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.init", NULL }; static char *const rcrebootcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.shutdown", "reboot", NULL }; static char *const rcpoweroffcmd[] = { "/bin/rc.shutdown", "poweroff", NULL }; static sigset_t set; int main(void) { int sig; size_t i; if (getpid() != 1) return 1; chdir("/"); sigfillset(&set;); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set;, NULL); spawn(rcinitcmd); while (1) { sigwait(&set;, &sig;); for (i = 0; i < LEN(sigmap); i++) { if (sigmap[i].sig == sig) { sigmap[i].handler(); break; } } } /* not reachable */ return 0; } static void sigpoweroff(void) { spawn(rcpoweroffcmd); } static void sigreap(void) { while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0) ; } static void sigreboot(void) { spawn(rcrebootcmd); } static void spawn(char *const argv[]) { pid_t pid; pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { perror("fork"); } else if (pid == 0) { sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set;, NULL); setsid(); execvp(argv[0], argv); perror("execvp"); _exit(1); } } § Final notes⠀➾ Contact V.R. at Dark n’ Edgy forums or leave a comment if there are any inaccuracies. The article’s descriptions are kept general, and further research should be done on a per-project basis if desired. =============================================================================== ✐ Comments⠀✐ ⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 7 04:34:28 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ Thanks for this research. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 7 20:56:42 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ Looks like the #includes didn’t make it under sinit. Something eating your angle brackets? =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:15:08 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ < and > into < and > respectively, please. HTML likes to devour angle brackets. XML in general, actually. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:15:50 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ And it seems that my previous comment has &lt; and &gt; turned into < and >. Heh. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 8 05:16:16 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ And that comment did not. This is strange. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 03:02:33 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ s6/s6-rc/runit/supervision-scripts? =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 05:53:12 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ Re: systemd, no further clarification necessary? That’s a cop out and also devalues the article since not everybody has an implicit understanding of systemd. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 13:49:27 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ supervision-scripts is not a framework per se, it is a collection of definitions for daemontools and their cousins. The idea is that supervision based suites didn’t typically have complete sets of definitions, resulting in the need to write one-off scripts that are typically time consuming and error prone. tl;dr it was meant to be deployed alongside daemontools/runit/s6 as a set of daemon definitions that would “just werk” out of the box. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 9 14:27:07 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ What about Gobolinux’s BootBcript system? It’s been around since 2002. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Sat Sep 12 22:17:05 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ OpenBSD’s rc.d(8) is actually unrelated implementation-wise from NetBSD/ FreeBSD, it was introduced in the 4.9 release. http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man8/rc.d.8 http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man8/rc.subr.8 =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Sun Sep 13 15:57:57 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ A fantastic walk through of init systems’ history. Enjoyed reading it. Thanks so much! =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Sep 14 05:49:31 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ One point about openrc. It already existed since the start of the Gentoo distribution. At that point it wasn’t called openrc, but it was essentially the same (although it has of course been extended). This dates back to 2001, and has been heavily influenced by Daniel Robbin’s experience with freebsd. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Sep 15 16:33:29 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ No talk of RunIt? It’s pretty similar to S6, except that it usually boots faster than other init systems with similar features. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Wed Sep 16 12:30:59 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ Agreed wrt OpenRC. It’s been in Gentoo longer as part of baselayout, but was split out and renamed OpenRC because Roy wanted to make it more of a standalone project for other OS’s. It started in CVS, but you can still see the SVN converted history: https://sources.gentoo.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/baselayout/trunk/?pathrev=2 =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Thu Sep 17 15:19:23 EDT 2015) ⠀⇛ What about supervisord, runit, and nosh? =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Aug 22 16:49:02 EDT 2016) ⠀⇛ OpenRC was created in 2001 it was just merged with Gentoo’s baselayou until 2007. It’s been officially parallel since at least 2008. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Tue Apr 11 06:06:00 EDT 2017) ⠀⇛ v ,, ,, ,, `7MM *MM `7MM `7MM MM MM MM MM ,pW”Wq.`7Mb,od8 ,M””bMM .gP”Ya `7Mb,od8 MM,dMMb. MM ,6″Yb. `7MMpMMMb. 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YA. =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Mon Jan 1 08:15:11 EST 2018) ⠀⇛ I <3 glenda =============================================================================== ⚓ By: Glenda (Sat Feb 15 18:57:27 EST 2020) ⠀⇛ my name jeff ecks dee….. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠻⠿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢠⣿⣿⣟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣼⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⡈⠉⠛⠙⠋⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠻⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠟⠋⠉⣨⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣟⡛⠛⠃⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣆⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣆⠹⣿⣆⣿⡄⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣷⣥⣅⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠹⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡍⠉⠀⠹⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣴⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠠⠶⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣤⣤⣴⣷⡄⣐⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣶⣾⣦⠀⠀⠾⢾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡏⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⠝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠥⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⢯⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠸⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣰⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠋⠙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⣼⣿⢿⣿⣇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠉⠛⠛⢛⣉⣭⣽⣾⠟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠛⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣠⣾⢟⣵⣿⣿⠇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠿⠃⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠃⠠⠒⠛⣿⡿⠟⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⢀⣼⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⡤⣠⣾⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠋⣀⣤⣴⣤⣤⣾⣋⣤⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠁⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢟⣫⣾⠟⢹⣿⣿⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠀⠒⠋⣭⣾⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣠⡞⠛⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣯⡸⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⢹⢀⣿⣿⡝⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⠀⠁⢠⣾⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠋⠀⠀⠸⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⢿⣏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡌⢻⡆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠳⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠛⣀⠀⣀⡀⣠⣼⢻⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡮⣿⣟⣗⡀⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⡿⡿⠷⠿⠻⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢛⡟⠛⠛⢛⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⣻⡇⠀⠀⡀⠀⡏⡙⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⢻⣞⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣧⣿⣀⣤⣴⣾⣁⣠⣄⡀⡇⠀⢰⣠⣆⡟⣧⣷⡧⢿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣶⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡬⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣎⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢹⠀⠁⠀⠙⢷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣟⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣅⣀⠀⠸⠓⠤⢶⡄⣰⡞⠇⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡉⢡⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣤⠀⠀⠴⢿⡄⠘⣧⢹⣯⣷⣶⣻⠟⢯⣾⠸⠿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠾⠿⠷⠠⠶⠟⠑⠲⠋⠘⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠰⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡾⠳⠛⢹⣯⡽⡿⣻⢷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⣖⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⣖⣖⣶⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠻⣇⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡻⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1882 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/nancy-anthracite-vista/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Nancy_Anthracite_on_Using_Free_Software_for_Electronic_Health_Records_at_the US_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Videos at 7:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/3444/lp2023- worldvista-june-05.webm Summary: The LibrePlanet MediaGoblin instance uploaded this_VistA_(the_Free software,_not_Windows)_talk 2 days and 4 hours ago. The summary says: “WorldVistA EHR is a slightly modified version of the Department of Veterans Affairs Electronic Health Record, VistA. VistA is currently in the process of being replaced by Oracle Cerner by the VA, but implementation of the new system is currently on hold because it is not performing up to expectations. Meanwhile, VistA is in use in many places internationally, with the largest implementation in the country of Jordan. The largest implementation in the U.S. is at Central Regional Hospital, a state mental health hospital in North Carolina. It will fall upon the free software community to keep this comprehensive free software EHR available in the future.” Licence: CC_BY-SA_4.0 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1926 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/ortivus-ambulance-service-failure/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Microsoft_Windows_Kills,_Staff_in_Ambulances_Cannot_Function_Due_to_Apparent Microsoft/Windows_Breach_(Ortivus)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft, Security, Windows at 11:23 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum f61ec70272c7d04fdf6f006ec21bc29a The NHS and Microsoft TCO Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/ambulances-and-microsoft.webm Summary: What the media calls “cyber attack” may in fact be a complete system breach and what it conveniently blames on some obscure supplier is likely a serious incident implicating Microsoft, resulting in deaths of people THIS article is well overdue. We planned to write about the topic as soon as the media had broken the story, but we still needed definitive proof of ambulances or ambulance services being impacted by a Windows/Microsoft shop. Now we have what we needed. As a little bit of background, consider reading our_2020_series about how Windows in hospitals kills a lot of people, probably more people than COVID-19 killed. “As a little bit of background, consider reading our_2020_series about how Windows in hospitals kills a lot of people, probably more people than COVID-19 killed.”The first report we saw about the ambulances was in_a_British_tabloid, the Daily Fail (notorious and controversial domestically and abroad). My wife saw a similar story (saying_“cyber_attack”) in the Microsoft-friendly and Bill Gates-bribed BBC (or BillBC). Calling it a “cyber attack” is misrepresenting the problem, shifting blame to another party. The Daily Fail used the same term (the headline was “Cyber attack hits two ambulance trusts leaving hospitals without access to electronic patient records”). But what really happened? As we showed recently, in the_case_of_London’s municipality, they tend to downplay if not lie about security incidents. They belittle the severity and impact. As one associate explained early in the past week, “if it can be confirmed by a legitimate paper or authentic source, then it goes in the Windows Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) section. Too bad no news sites are onto the TCO aspect any more. It was discussed for a while about 20 or so years ago. The extra electricity used by Windows and Microsoft software in general is an environmental problem at-scale.” “But what really happened?”Not too long later we saw more reports with no substance in them, except Microsoft_spin (offloading the blame). This Microsoft Windows TCO story was published with “cyber-attack” (or “cyberattack”) in the headline just_3_days_ago: Several UK NHS ambulance organizations have been struggling to record patient data and pass it to other providers following a cyber-attack aimed at health software company Ortivus. In a statement, the Sweden-headquartered software vendor said it was subject to a cyber-attack on July 18 which hit UK customer systems within its hosted datacenter environment. The brand “Ortivus” says nothing about which technologies were to blame. Where’s the technical journalism? Microsoft shills are in high gear spinning the situations to deflect from proper attribution. So what does Ortivus use? Let’s examine their site: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Outlook_at_Ortivus⦈_ Ortivus uses Microsoft for mail. No proficient (at technology) company would do that. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ortivus_hiding_behind_a_CDN⦈_ So it’s a Windows shop with Clownflare as a CDN (dangerous outsourcing to another continent, to a_flailing_and_failing_company). Hiding_behind_a_CDN is a sign of weakness. They could use something like Varnish instead. If they had skilled staff that can follow a simple manual. Microsoft drones are not skilled staff. Well, no one except a Microsoft shop or Microsoft partner would even consider running IIS. Why is nobody in the media blaming the technology? Why are they blaming a mere brand of some firm? They blame a “third party supplier” for that breach but that is not mutually exclusive with Windows being at fault. Here is some shallow coverage that came later: * ⚓ Cyber_attack_on_IT_supplier_hits_two_major_ambulance_trusts_|_Computer Weekly⠀⇛ * ⚓ Cyberattack_Investigation_Shuts_Down_Ambulance_Patient_Records_System⠀⇛ * ⚓ Software_Vendor_Attack_Slows_Down_2_UK_Ambulance_Services⠀⇛ So they blame “Software Vendor” or “IT supplier”. One that runs on a Windows server no less… in 2023. “They are also conflating an attack with a breach,” one reader noted, and “that is another small clue [plus] the Netcraft report also implicates them with an SPF of outlook.com.” “The video above is taking on all the “supply chain attack” FUD which has been directed at FOSS and redirecting it back at Microsoft because this was the quintessential supply chain attack.”So what we have here is no ‘smoking gun’ but a lot of circumstantial evidence and clue they’re probably “throwing the subcontractor under the bus” to distract from Windows involvement. Since some past incidents they have been careful not to announce Windows deployments and especially not Sharepoint or other shambolic monstrosities. The video above is taking on all the_"supply_chain_attack"_FUD which has been directed at FOSS and redirecting it back at Microsoft because this was the quintessential supply chain attack. The FOSS susceptibility is theoretical, this one was a real-life exploit using existing Microsoft deployments. “We’re meant to think that something being defective by intention will “create jobs”.”One can hope this latest incidents leads to increased awareness of not just the TCO of Windows but the importance of upgrading to other systems, specifically GNU/Linux. The recent Norwegian_Windows_breach was a quintessential example of a supply chain compromise, one with which they’ve tried repeatedly to smear FOSS with. Yet in real life the first big state level one turns out to be Microsoft. If security were part of the design, this_Windows-contrived_‘shortage’ would not exist at all. The parable of security as an after-market add-on is conveniently_named_“Broken_Window”. We’re meant to think that something being defective by intention will “create jobs”. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠩⠉⣿⣫⣿⡟⣿⣛⣿⡟⣿⢩⣟⣻⣿⣻⡿⣿⣽⣻⡟⣿⡟⣿⡿⡻⣿⠟⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠻⡿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣽⣾⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠋⣁⣴⣾⣿⣿⣍⠙⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⠀⠈⢿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2119 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/social-control-media-bubble-fb/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Social_Control_Media_as_a_Bubble:_Facebook_(Meta)_is_in_Debt_Greater_Than_the Company_is_Really_Worth_or_Has_in_the_Bank⠀✐ Posted in Apple, Deception, Finance, Microsoft at 6:25 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz In the bizarre world of Ponzi_(Wall)_Street, rich-by-obfuscation companies like GAFAM can even exceed in debt their real worth; TWTR (Twitter) was one example of it because it’s worse than worthless now. Here’s Facebook: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇FB_debt_again⦈_ No wonder Sandberg et al left. So Facebook is in deeper debt than TWTR was in and it_is_running_low_on_cash (Microsoft’s debt is similar to what it claims_to_have_in_the_bank and Apple’s debt is twice_as_big_as_what_it_has_at_hand). Threads is also failing, just like Metaverse. Debt_economy is an economy wherein borrowings are gradually becoming like a “currency” rather than positive cashflow (buying one’s own shares is just plain embezzlement). Due to a name change some sites get_confused, but it would be funny if the following was true too: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇fb-debt⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇DB_debt_-_closer⦈_ Incorrect numbers Summary: The financial state of GAFAM (Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft) isn’t quite as the media makes it seem; there’s lots of debt in the mix and market valuations are faked, based upon speculations or “pump and dump” tactics, with “mergers and acquisitions” being a cover for passing debt around “Microsoft, the world’s most valuable company, declared a profit of $4.5 billion in 1998; when the cost of options awarded that year, plus the change in the value of outstanding options, is deducted, the firm made a loss of $18 billion, according to Smithers.” –The_Economist,_1999 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⢟⠟⢿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡟⡻⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢛⡛⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠻⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣬⣥⣿⣤⣿⣼⣿⣿⣮⣥⣬⣬⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣴⣦⣾⣧⣤⣧⣥⣤⣬⣧⣽⣿⣁⣀⣹⣧⣼⣼⣥⣬⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡆⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⡨⢼⢬⣬⣤⣧⣬⣬⣽⣯⣶⣶⣴⣬⣤⣯⣴⣬⣷⣥⣤⣥⣦⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣼⣧⣥⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣦⣧⣤⣼⣤⣥⣼⣬⣼⣤⣤⣦⣴⣮⣤⣷⣥⣤⣵⣧⣬⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⣦⢺⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣋⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣝⣍⣍⣻⣙⣋⣩⣙⣏⣙⣋⣯⣛⣫⣿⣫⣉⣍⣏⣛⣉⣭⣙⣿⣩⣉⣹⣹⣙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣭⡌⣽⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣥⣦⣦⣤⣽⣤⣤⣥⣧⣬⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣽⣯⡸⣭⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣯⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣉⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣍⣿⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣯⣍⣩⣙⣯⣩⣉⣏⣉⣉⣯⣏⣉⣹⣿⣩⣋⣉⣭⣉⣽⣉⣉⣙⣭⣉⣍⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣦⣥⢨⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣭⣦⣴⣼⣬⣥⣤⣦⣽⣧⣧⣤⣧⣴⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⡌⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣟⣉⣉⣍⣏⣉⣉⣏⣩⣉⣹⣙⣹⣹⣋⣉⣙⣟⣉⣉⣯⣋⣉⣯⣍⣍⣏⣉⣹⣹⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣹⣏⣏⣩⣹⣩⣍⣹⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣴⣷⣼⠰⣿⣿⣧⣦⣥⣧⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣭⣷⣥⣤⣵⣯⣦⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣬⣴⣿⣼⣇⢿⣿⣷⣭⣮⣧⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣏⣉⣹⣩⣉⣉⣭⣍⣍⣍⣍⣻⣉⣉⣹⣏⣯⣹⣹⣭⣉⣽⣩⣻⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣽⣉⣍⣏⣽⣉⣉⣉⣏⣙⣉⣝⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣙⣹⣛⣙⣉⡎⣙⣙⣻⣛⣭⣭⣩⣙⣉⣟⣹⣙⣯⣋⣉⣋⣍⣍ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢻⡟⠛⢻⢛⠛⠛⣛⡛⡛⡛⡛⢿⠛⠛⢻⡛⠛⠻⠛⢻⣟⡟⠛⢻⠛⡟⡛⡿⠛⢻⢻⡛⠛⢿⠟⠛⢻⣛⢛⢻⠻⢛⠛⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣭⣼⣯⣽⣯⣥⢡⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣏⣏⣹⣿⣽⣉⣝⣩⣹⣝⣉⣹⣉⣹⣩⣏⣏⣍⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢟⣛⣛⣻⣻⣛⣃⢻⣛⣛⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣻⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣟⣻⣛⣿⡜⣿⣟⣛⣻⣟⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⡶⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠶⡶⢶⢶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠶⠶⣶⠶⢶⠶⡶⠶⡶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣋⣹⣻⣟⣋⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣋⣟⣏⣿⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣽⡟⠳⠲⠳⠖⡒⢓⢚⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣦⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣋⣽⣿⣿⣄⣿⣏⣩⣏⣿⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣩⣏⣿⣿⣏⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣴⣶⣦⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣥⣮⣿⣼⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣿⣾⠶⠶⢶⡴⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⠶⠶⢶⢶⣶⣶⠶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⢶⡰⡶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⣦⢶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⡶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⢶⡶⣶⢶⠶⢶⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡏⣙⠛⢛⠙⡛⢛⠛⣻⠛⢛⡟⠛⠻⡏⡹⠛⣟⢛⣟⢛⡟⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⠟⡟⣟⠛⣿⠛⡟⠟⣛⡻⢛⣛⠛⢛⠻⡟⢟⢟⠟⣿⣟⠛⠛⣛⣻⠻⢻⢛⣻⠛⢻⡟⣟⣛⠻⢻⡻⢟⢻⢻⡟⣟⢻⠻⠛⡟⣿⠛⠛⢻⢟⢟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡟⡿⠿⠿⣿⣻⡿⠿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡟⠿⠿⠿⢻⡿⡿⠿⠟⣿⠻⢿⢿⠟⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡟⣻⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣟⢟⠟⡟⣿⠻⢿⣟⠟⠻⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣯⣵⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣧⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣬⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣨⣉⣸⣆⡉⢈⣙⣸⣇⣇⣀⣘⣀⣿⣊⣀⣀⣉⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡯⢏⣿⣋⣏⣍⣉⣿⣻⣏⣭⣥⣝⣍⣭⣏⣙⣹⣯⣉⣉⣉⣍⣭⣉⣯⣿⣉⣹⣯⣉⣉⣩⣏⣹⣍⣯⣭⣉⣉⣿⣏⣈⣁⣭⣹⣫⣥⣏⣽⣏⣙⣋⣹⣯⣿⣿⣈⣉⣽⣥⣩⣽⣍⣹⣥⣈⣫⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⢻⢻⡛⢿⠟⢛⣟⣿⡻⠛⡟⡻⠻⣛⠟⢛⣻⡻⠛⢻⣟⠛⣛⡟⢻⢛⡻⣟⠛⣛⢻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣤⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿⢿⠿⠻⠻⠿⢿⡿⡿⡿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡟⠿⡿⢿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠛⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡟⡟⠿⠿⠿⡟⠻⡿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠟⣿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⡻⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣧⣼⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣯⣶⣿⣾⣷⣦⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣸⣢⣒⣂⣏⣰⣺⣾⣇⣅⣇⣘⣰⣇⣂⣟⣻⣺⣎⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡯⢏⣿⣃⣯⣍⣉⣿⣾⣏⣭⣥⣝⣍⣭⣏⣙⣹⣇⣩⣭⣉⣸⣫⣯⣉⣁⣿⣍⣨⣽⣆⣉⣿⣼⡯⢫⣍⣹⣽⣿⣍⣛⣽⣎⣽⣷⣉⣉⣍⣽⣭⣉⣉⣍⣽⣠⣑⣅⣀⣿⣭⣼⣽⣎⣓⣉⣚⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢻⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡻⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢻⣻⢿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢿⡿⠟⣿⠟⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠟⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣯⣵⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣧⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣗⣘⣀⣐⣇⣿⣈⣀⣛⣟⣯⣹⣈⣿⣗⣓⣰⣇⣿⣘⣻⣷⣯⣺⣀⣺⣟⣁⣃⣈⣹⣿⣿⣍⣷⣸⣺⣂⣂⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2286 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/07/29/writing-about-github-and-gitlab-state-today/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ GitLab_the_Company,_Just_Like_GitHub_(Now_Part_of_Microsoft,_Going_Through Several_Rounds_of_Layoffs_This_Year,_Even_Office_Shutdowns),_is_Sinking_Deep Into_Debt_and_Showing_the_Risk_of_Outsourcing⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Finance, Free/Libre_Software, Microsoft, Servers at 12:44 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum f61ec70272c7d04fdf6f006ec21bc29a Serfs and Sharecropping With Git Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/outsourcing-to-failing-companies.webm Summary: ‘Free’ hosting for Git may not be a viable business plan; be wary and careful not to offload creative work to debt-saddled firms (that work being text, code, videos etc.) THIS post is related to the trend of digital sharecropping we often allude to in the context of social control media such as Twitter or Diaspora or the Fediverse. Many people still live in a fantasy land wherein the Web is full of ‘free’ services ripe for exploitation. As the old saying goes, there’s no free lunch* and anything that seems free may in fact be temporarily free (grace period, sometimes for market penetration and vendor lock-in). This post will focus on GitLab as an example, but we’re not singling out GitLab. There are many others like it, including Clownflare. “Git is Free software. Some of the Web interface suites are not.”Remember that Clownflare is not free. Clownflare is a trap. It’s also a cancer on the World Wide Web. Self-hosting isn’t a matter of “making a point”. It’s a principled and practical decision based on pragmatism. Some people will never learn until they’re betrayed time and time again, forced to restart from scratch over and over (ad infinitum**). Git is Free software. Some of the Web interface suites are not. Some are a hybrid of sorts. Some are purely proprietary, e.g. GitHub. Microsoft is trying to pull an E.E.E. on Git, with stuff like the github/gh command along with proprietary extensions at the Web level and editors’ level. Be sceptical of Trojan horses. Let’s examine the situation of GitLab as a company (not GitLab the software): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇gitlab-debt⦈_ Notice how quickly debt_is_growing 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GitLab_Net_Income_2021-2023⦈_ Income_in_the_red 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GitLab_shares⦈_ GitLab shares over-inflate the ‘worth’ of this company (not a unique problem) The short story is, GitLab took ~1,200 million dollar in debt this year while laying off staff. GitLab has a fictional market cap of 7.40B for a company in debt and which cannot make money (losing hundreds of millions each year; number of employees in 2023 is 2,170 and losses per head about $100,000 per annum). It’s like Twitter Junior. “GitHub had two rounds of layoffs so far this year.”It’s probably the same with GitHub’s losses (debt too), but Microsoft does not break down the numbers that way. GitHub had two rounds of layoffs so far this year. As per this report, published_months_ago: “investor one-year losses grow to 54% as the stock sheds US$1.4b this past week…” It says “GitLab didn’t make a profit in the last twelve months,” further complicating the prospect of a turnaround. No wonder they wanted to just raise more money instead of making money. No wonder GitLab wanted to shut down ‘inactive’ repos, but stopped only due to mass uproar, which people won’t forget (it’s not free hosting, it’s a trap). “We cannot help but wonder about sourcehut.”Just how much money does Microsoft lose on GitHub each year? Has Microsoft loaded debt onto its subsidiaries to hide deficits? Again, just as a reminder, this past February Microsoft GitHub laid off 10% and then it went further, closing_down_entire_offices and firing entire teams, even in India. GitHub is a money sink. With hiring freeze in place, maybe GitHub got rid of 30% of its staff since the start of this year. GitHub is not doing well. We cannot help but wonder about sourcehut. They too mass-deleted some Git repos and introduced new demands for payments (to keep some repos online). “That’s a smaller shop,” one reader explains. “Again there is a problem with growth of storage costs, like with YouTube or Wikipedia, but flat income.” So the take-home message is, if you use Git, roll out your own. Don’t rely on others to do it for you ‘for free’. They stand to lose money, so it won’t last forever. Some exchange control for ‘gratis’, or in other words take away your freedom/autonomy for a freebie. “The costs of running YouTube go up, not down, just like Twitter.”Now, to use the example of video, the other night we shared this_alarming_video about YouTube. YouTube is one of the next Twitters. It cannot make money. It can only put off both creators and audiences. So what will happen next? Mass layoffs? That did not work for Twitter. Rebrand? Also did not work for Twitter. What’s the “grand plan”? The costs of running YouTube go up, not down, just like Twitter. Bloat and data storage, more “moderation” staff etc. YouTube has not reported whether it makes money… since 2015. So we can safely assume something is very wrong. Because YouTube is not making money (same as GitHub/GitLab). So it’s hiding that and only talks of “revenue” (while defrauding the advertisers… clickfraud and such). As a last resort, courtesy of new management who realise they cannot make money, now they “steal” from creators. What message does that send? A critic with bad experiences (learning from mistakes made in the past) can promptly point out the importance of self-hosting. Separation is also worthwhile (the video above mentions examples). The bug-tracking is integrated into some of the above Web interfaces, but that is a complexity that might make it worth separating, not outsourcing. For tracking of issues/bugs/incidents/ wishlists one can use RT, Mantis, Bugzilla, Trac, Landscape, OTRS and maybe even Jira (I once installed it on a home machine from the 1990s and it worked, albeit slowly). I’ve had hands-on experience with most of these, also as the administrator. They’re simpler to manage than Git. The learning curve is worthwhile. █ ____ * A related_saying is: “If you’re not paying for the product, you are the product!” ** One could point out the folly of building digital structures on properties which can vanish overnight because they are owned by and controlled by others and probably without overlapping priorities. ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⢸⣿⣯⣽⣻⣛⣻⣿⣋⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣻⣛⣟⣻⣻⣛⣋⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⢛⣟⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣷⣥⣯⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠟⠛⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣧⣵⣼⣿⣷⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣮⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣥⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣦⣤⣧⣵⣼⣿⣭⣤⣧⣭⣾⣿⣬⣴⣴⣭⣼⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣩⣙⣉⣿⣹⣉⣩⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣉⣏⣹⣉⣿⣿⣉⣏⣹⣍⣽⣩⣹⣉⣉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣵⣬⣽⣭⣷⣯⣯⣽⣽⣽⣽⣥⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣹⣥⣹⣍⣉⣫⣉⣹⣉⣻⣉⣭⣉⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⣻⡛⣟⣛⢻⢛⣛⣛⣟⣿⣛⣛⣛⡛⣻⣻⢛⠻⣻⣛⣿⣟⣛⢿⣟⣛ ⣿⢟⡟⢛⠻⠛⡛⡟⢛⠛⡟⠛⢛⡿⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠛⡿⠟⢻⠻⠻⠛⡟⡛⠿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣙⣽⣉⣋⣟⣙⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣮⡷⡷⢾⢷⠦⣷⡶⢶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣧⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣦⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣶⡶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⠶⢾⣶⣶⣶⢶⣷⣷⣶⣶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢿⡶⢿⡾⢶⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⢾⣿⣿⣷⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣵⣧⣴⣬⣥⣮⣧⣵⢥⣯⣬⣥⣿⣯⣭⣭⡭⣥⣿⣧⣤⢬⣼⣮⣼⣼⣿⣮⣭⣯⣷⣥⣼⣽⣽⣯⣭⣽⣮⣽⣼⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢸⣿⣿⣵⣦⣼⣦⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠟⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢻⠿⢿⡿⣟⣻⠻⢿⣟⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣦⣼⣦⣼⣴⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣴⣿⠛⣖⡚⠒⠊⠒⢓⢚⣳⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢻⠛⠟⡛⢻⠛⡛⡛⡟⡿⣛⣛⠛⡛⣻⢻⠛⠻⠻⢛⣿⡟⠛⢿⠟⡛ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⠿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⣿⣙⣛⣿⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠷⠷⠿⢾⢶⡾⡷⣷⢶⢷⠿⡞⠶⣶⢷⠿⡾⢷⠾⠷⠶⢿⡶⠷⡶⡷⢾⠷⠾⢗⠾⠶⠶⡶⠺⢿⡶⠷⠶⠖⣶⠶⠷⣷⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡛⢛⡟⠟⡟⣟⠻⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⡛⠛⡟⢳⡛⢛⢛⣻⠛⠻⢟⣟⠛⢻⠟⢻⠛⡟⡛⣿⢛⠛⢻⠛⠓⠛⡟⢻⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠶⡶⢶⡶⢷⢾⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⢶⢿⣶⣶⠶⢾⣷⣷⣶⡶⠶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢶⡶⢶⡶⣶⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⢾⣿⣿⠶⢾⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣻⣉⣹⣉⣏⣍⣽⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣴⣦⣼⣦⣾⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣦⣧⣼⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣉⣋⣉⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣫⣹⣋⣛⣍⣩⣍⣉⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣽⣏⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⠘⢨⠀⠿⠉⢹⠈⣿⢀⠃⠉⠁⢽⡇⢩⠉⠭⠩⢹⠉⡍⡋⢹⡧⠢⠱⢸⠀⢵⢸⣛⠕⢸⠰⡡⠠⠆⢸⡇⣿⠰⢰⡆⡆⠿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣼⣤⣤⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣈⣉⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣟⣙⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣟⣙⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣹⣙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡛⢻⣽⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣯⣏⣽⢯⢻⣿⣝⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2547 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_29/07/2023:_More_Backlash_Against_Google’s_“Web_DRM”_(WEI_API)⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 7:24 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Graphics_Stack o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Desktop_Environments/WMs # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o SaaS/Back_End/Databases o Programming/Development # Python o Standards/Consortia * Leftovers o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies # Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ 5_Best_CentOS_Replacement_Options_for_2023⠀⇛ CentOS Linux 7, the popular free and open-source Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, has set its end of life for June 2024. The enterprise operating system, loved by scientists, businesses and developers for its reliability, stability and security, has been a leading technology for web hosting, cloud computing, storage servers, networks and software development. As users consider whether to migrate to CentOS Stream 9, a new upstream distribution that is designed to be a rolling release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and is not considered a replacement for CentOS, other competitors stand out as good alternatives. o § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Mesa_23.2_Brings_OpenGL_3.1_&_OpenGL_ES_3.0 Support_on_Asahi,_New_RADV_Features⠀⇛ Highlights of Mesa 23.2 include OpenGL 3.1 and OpenGL ES 3.0 on Asahi, support for new Vulkan extension on the Radeon Vulkan driver (RADV), including VK_EXT_attachment_feedback_loop_dynamic_state, VK_EXT_dynamic_rendering_unused_attachments, VK_KHR_fragment_shader_barycentric, VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline, VK_EXT_depth_bias_control, VK_EXT_fragment_shader_interlock, and VK_EXT_pipeline_robustness, as well as support for extendedDynamicState3SampleLocationsEnable. As expected, Mesa 23.2 brings improvements for numerous video games, including Rise of the Tomb Raider on RDNA 3 GPUs, Blasphemous, Overwatch 2, Borderlands 2, The Long Dark on R600/R700, Elden Ring, Metro Last Light Redux, Trackmania 2020, Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus, and Heroes of Might and Magic 5. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 6_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Command-line_FTP clients⠀⇛ File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used to be a popular and time-honored method of transferring files to and from a remote network site. The need for FTP has declined significantly; many consider FTP to be an unfriendly protocol when it comes to accessing data. Further, it is an insecure protocol as it sends your credentials in plain text to the server. However, there are still occasions where transferring files via this protocol has been useful; the time to put FTP to bed has not yet come. SFTP and FXP are also supported by these clients. This article provides our pick of the best open source command line file transfer programs. The software featured here supports a number of different protocols, not just FTP. They offer shell-like command syntax, and are great for scripting purposes. Here’s our verdict captured in a legendary LinuxLinks.com chart. Only free and open source software is eligible for inclusion. # ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Getting_Started_With_Linux_Terminal⠀⇛ The Linux terminal could be intimidating. The dark screen with just commands to use. It’s easy to feel lost. The thing is that Linux command line is a vast topic. You can manage the entire system using just the commands. I mean that’s the role of sysadmins, network engineers and many other jobs. The aim of this tutorial collection is not to make you job-ready. It intends to give you the starting point of your Linux command line journey. It will give you enough to navigate the terminal and understand a few basic things like reading files and editing them. Since it’s just the beginning, most of the tutorials are in the ‘file operation’ category. That’s where most Linux books and courses begin. # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Best_Video_Editors_for_Linux_in_2023⠀⇛ Video editing software can indeed be expensive, particularly the more advanced options like Adobe Premiere Pro. However, the good news is that plenty of free and open-source video editors are available. These alternatives offer excellent functionality without the price tag. Here, we’ve compiled a list of ten such free video editors for Linux that could be of great help for your specific needs. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Fix_526_Invalid_SSL_Certificate_Error⠀⇛ In today’s digital landscape, securing sensitive information and maintaining user trust is paramount for any website owner. SSL certificates play a crucial role in encrypting data and providing a secure connection between the user’s browser and the web server. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ Mastering_Array_Length_in_PHP⠀⇛ Arrays are fundamental data structures in PHP, serving as containers to store multiple values in a single variable. As a PHP developer, mastering array manipulation is crucial for writing efficient and optimized code. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_MongoDB_on_Debian_12⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MongoDB on Debian 12. MongoDB, a robust NoSQL database, has gained immense popularity for its scalability and flexibility, making it a go-to choice for modern applications. # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_install_and_uninstall_kernels_on_Linux Mint⠀⇛ With Update Manager you can update packages on Linux Mint, but you can also install or remove a kernel from your system. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_To_Enable_Server_Side_Includes_(SSI)_in Apache⠀⇛ Server Side Includes (SSI) is a simple interpreted server-side scripting language used almost exclusively for the web. It is utilized for managing web content through the inclusion of “directives” within web pages, which are parsed and executed by the web server. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Disable_ETags_in_Apache⠀⇛ Entity tags (ETags) are a mechanism that web servers and browsers use to validate cached components. The server generates and sends an ETag value, which is a token representing a specific version of a component, to the client when the component is initially sent. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Set_Environment_Variables_in_Linux⠀⇛ In Linux, environment variables play a crucial role in defining various system settings, user preferences, and executable paths. These dynamic variables can significantly impact the behavior of processes and applications running on the system. This comprehensive guide will provide a walk- through on setting environment variables in Linux. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_PHP_8.3,_8.2,_8.1_or_8.0_on Ubuntu_22.04_|_20.04⠀⇛ PHP, an acronym for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor,” is a widely-used open-source general-purpose scripting language suitable for web development. As an HTML-embedded scripting language, PHP allows you to do things such as create simple web pages, send and receive cookies, and interact with databases. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_ImageMagick_on_Debian_12⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install ImageMagick on Debian 12. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Asterisk_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Asterisk on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who didn’t know, Asterisk, a powerful open-source communications platform, has revolutionized the way organizations manage their phone systems. # ⚓ Grep_Command_in_Linux/Unix_|_Explained⠀⇛ In the world of Linux and Unix systems, the grep command stands as a powerful tool for searching and filtering text. Whether you’re a system administrator, developer, or an everyday user, understanding grep its various options will empower you to efficiently locate and extract specific content from files and directories. In this comprehensive guide, you’ll explore the ins and outs of the grep command, its usage, practical examples, and how to harness its full potential. What is Grep Command in Linux and Unix? The name “grep” is derived from the ed (Unix text editor) command “g/re/p,” which stands for “global/regular expression/print.” # ⚓ Hacking_Like_a_Pro:_Nmap_Firewall_Evasion_Techniques_in Kali_Linux⠀⇛ What is a firewall? Firewall is a software or hardware to protect private network from public network. # ⚓ ELinux ☛ MailScanner_fails_to_start_Can’t_locate_Sys/ Hostname⠀⇛ If you are trying to start MailScanner on CPanel/ WHM server and getting error Can’t locate Sys/ Hostname MailScanner fails to start with startup errors matching:  If a server is using either of these ConfigServer MailScanner installer/products below, with the listed versions or lower:  MailScanner Installer (msinstall) version 3.17 or lower MailScanner Front-End (MSFE) version 8.28… # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_uninstall_an_app_on_Debian_12⠀⇛ In this tutorial, you will learn how to uninstall an app from Debian 12. There are several ways to uninstall a package from your system. # ⚓ GNOME ☛ Christian_Hergert:_How_to_use_Sysprof_(again)⠀⇛ Every once in a while I take a moment to test GNOME OS on physical hardware. The experience today was quite a bit underwhelming. Fresh install, type a few characters into the search box, and things grind to a halt. Being the system profiler author I am, where would I consider spending time to make this better? Here ya go, and please do help because I can make the tools but I need people like you to help go resolve them. I had to build Sysprof from source quick on GNOME OS until new GNOME OS builds are out (soon). # ⚓ MongoDB_Installation_and_Usage_on_Linux⠀⇛ MongoDB, a leading open-source document-oriented database management system, is a powerful “NoSQL” database that empowers businesses to effortlessly store and manage massive amounts of data. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Yay_on_Arch_Linux_and_Manjaro⠀⇛ Yay (Yet Another Yaourt) is a popular Arch User Repository (AUR) helper for Arch Linux and its derivatives, such as Manjaro, after the discontinuation of Yaourt and Packer. It is a command-line utility that simplifies the process of searching, installing, and managing packages from both # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_To_Setup_Apache_ModSecurity_on_Ubuntu_& Debian⠀⇛ ModSecurity is an open-source web application firewall (WAF) that is designed to protect web applications from various types of attacks. It is a module for the Apache web server that intercepts incoming web traffic and analyzes it for signs of malicious activity. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Disable_ETag_in_NGINX⠀⇛ NGINX is a powerful and versatile open-source software that can be used for various purposes such as HTTP server, reverse proxy, load balancer, and more. It is known for its high performance, stability, and rich feature set. # ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ How_to_safely_downgrade_your_Ubuntu installation⠀⇛ Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution, often impresses users with its stability and feature-rich updates. However, sometimes, an upgrade might not go as planned or new versions might not sit well with your current setup or specific applications. In such cases, downgrading to a previous version of Ubuntu might be the most viable solution. This guide provides detailed instructions on how to safely downgrade your Ubuntu installation to a previous version. # ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_PowerDNS_and_PowerDNS-Admin_on Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛ PowerDNS is a free and open-source authoritative nameserver written in C++. It supports several databases such as MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and Oracle to store zone files and records. In this post, we will explain how to install PowerDNS and PowerDNS admin on Ubuntu 22.04 server. # ⚓ Real Linux User ☛ How_to_use_Timeshift_to_backup_and restore_Linux_Mint_–_Linux_Mint_21.2_edition⠀⇛ o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ This Week in GNOME ☛ This_Week_in_GNOME/Felix_Häcker: #106_GUADEC_2023⠀⇛ During this year’s Annual General Meeting on Friday, the annual Community Appreciation Award (a.k.a. Pants of Thanks) was awarded to someone who cares deeply about GNOME, helps out app developers (almost every single day), plays the guitar (but just one song), holds controversial opinions (some even turn out to be right), and who is a climate advocate and activist … Tobias Bernard! A standing ovation was offered along with a flattering pair of red and blue plaid pajama pants. Congratulations, Tobias! * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ DevNation_Day:_Modern_App_Dev_videos_are_now available⠀⇛ Last month Red Hat Developer hosted DevNation_Day: Modern_App_Dev. This one-day virtual event brought together application developers, DevOps and platform engineers, enterprise architects, and application managers from across the globe. # ⚓ Welcoming_KubeVirt_v1.0⠀⇛ KubeVirt v1.0 was released earlier this week. Having gained features, maturity, trust, and adopters over the past years, this version 1.0 is a reflection of the status of the project with its mature codebase and healthy community. KubeVirt is a Kubernetes Operator with a virtualization API and runtime in order to run virtual machines on Kubernetes. KubeVirt is the foundation of OpenShift Virtualization and enables data center owners to modernize their infrastructure, converge on one platform, and unify their operations. Developers benefit as they can develop and automate containerized and virtual machine-based applications consistently on the very same platform. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_OpenShift_Service_on_AWS GovCloud_is_prioritized_for_FedRAMP®_High_JAB_Authorization⠀⇛ Public sector organizations run some of the most sensitive and mission critical workloads in the world, but the need for stringent security requirements doesn’t need to hinder their ability to adopt modern, transformative technologies. To help agencies minimize risk while also empowering them to scale cloud-native innovation, we are pleased to announce that Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS GovCloud is prioritized for Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP®) JAB Authorization. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Swiss_Federal_Railways_Drives_Cloud Migration_with_Red_Hat ⠀⇛ Red Hat, the world’s leading provider of enterprise open source solutions, today announced a collaboration with Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) to help complete an extensive IT migration project. Using Red Hat AMQ Streams, Red Hat Consulting helped move Apache Kafka services to SBB’s new cloud environment with minimal effects on uptime. The pressure of rising costs reached a significant level during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, SBB’s IT team decided to move their workloads to another cloud environment to increase flexibility and lower costs. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ It’s FOSS ☛ Understanding_Ubuntu’s_Repository_System⠀⇛ Let’s start with the essentials first. Understands the basic concept of the package manager and the repositories. This will build a foundation for you to understand how things work underneath. In simpler words, a package manager is a tool that allows users to install, remove, upgrade, configure and manage software packages on an operating system. Ubuntu provides the software through repositories. The repositories contain software packages of different kinds. They also have metadata files that contain information about the packages such as the name of the package, version number, description of package and the repository name etc. The package manager interacts with the metadata and creates a local metadata cache on your system. When you ask it to install a software, the package manager refers to this cache to get the information and then uses the internet to connect to the appropriate repository and downloads the package first before installing it on your system. # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Ubuntu_Touch_OTA-2_Rolls_Out_with_Support_for Fairphone_3,_F(x)tec_Pro1_X⠀⇛ Arriving exactly four months after the first OTA update, Ubuntu Touch OTA-2 is here with support for new devices, including Fairphone 3, F(x)tec Pro1 X, and Vollaphone X23 smartphones. This second Ubuntu Touch update based on the Focal Fossa series also brings various improvements to the System Settings app, including a more consistent layout for several pages, the ability to delete custom wallpapers, as well as a new option in Gestures to adjust the sensitivity of edge gestures for Lomiri. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ The_ESP32_Doesn’t_Need_Much⠀⇛ For those looking to add wireless connectivity to embedded projects or to build IoT devices, there is perhaps no more popular module than the ESP32. A dual-core option exists for processor intensive applications, the built-in WiFi and Bluetooth simplify designs, and it has plenty of I/O, memory, and interoperability for most applications. With so much built into the chip itself, [atomic14] wondered how much support circuitry it really needed and set about building the most minimalist ESP32 development board possible. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Is_Apple_CarPlay_or_Android_Auto_Better_for_Your Car?⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Can_Samsung’s_Galaxy_Watch_series_work_with_any Android_phone?⠀⇛ # ⚓ SlashGear ☛ Android’s_Guided_Access_Alternative:_What_It_Is And_How_To_Enable_It⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Turkey’s_tragic_earthquake_showed_that Android’s_early_warning_system_still_needs_work⠀⇛ # ⚓ SlashGear ☛ How_To_Turn_Off_Android_Auto_Completely⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Install_Firefox_Add-Ons_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ BMW_took_Android_and_slapped_it_on_a_round display_in_its_new_Mini⠀⇛ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ Android_14_Beta_4.1_Update:_Fixing_Pixel_Bugs and_Enhancing_Performance_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Can_Samsung’s_Galaxy_Watch_series_work_with_any Android_phone?⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL ☛ Timescale’s_2023_State_of_PostgreSQL_Survey Now_Open⠀⇛ Our love for PostgreSQL runs deep. We_built_our products_on_PostgreSQL, are_proud_members_of_the PostgreSQL_community, and_wouldn’t_exist_without_it and_the_extensibility_it_provides. In 2019, Timescale launched the first State of PostgreSQL report, advancing our desire to provide more significant insights into the specificities and features applicable to the PostgreSQL community. Thanks to your contribution, we have continually delivered this report. We are pleased to announce that the 2023 survey is now open for submissions! We are keen to learn more about how you use PostgreSQL for work and personal projects, how you deploy it, and how we can collectively improve it. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ How_to_use_For_Loops_in_Python⠀⇛ For loops provide a means to control the number of times your code performs a task. This can be a range, or iterating over items in an object. In this how to we will go through the steps to create your own projects using for loops. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Understanding_And_Using_Unicode⠀⇛ Computer engineer [Marco Cilloni] realized a lot of developers today still have trouble dealing with Unicode in their programs, especially in the C/C++ world. He wrote an excellent guide that summarizes many of the issues surrounding Unicode and its encoding called “Unicode is harder than you think“. He first presents a brief history of Unicode and how it came about, so you can understand the reasons for the frustrating edge cases you’re bound to encounter. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ UPS_&_Teamsters_Reach_Tentative_Deal,_Averting Strike⠀⇛ As the deal reached Tuesday goes out to union members for approval, Natalia Marques points out four things about the last-minute talks. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ OLED_Display_Lets_Vintage_PC_Engage_Turbo_Mode In_Style⠀⇛ Back in the 486 days, it was common to see a “Turbo” button on the front panel of many PCs, which was used to toggle between the CPU’s maximum speed and a slower clock rate that was sometimes necessary for compatibility with older software. Usually an LED would light up to show you were running at this higher speed, or if you’re machine was very fancy, it might even have a numerical display that would show the current CPU frequency. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ California_Senator_Nancy_Skinner_Falls_For_Junk Science_Moral_Panic;_Makes_Blatantly_False_Claims_In_Support Of_Social_Media_Addiction_Bill⠀⇛ What you see below is part one of a two parter about a terrible bill in California. It started out as a single post, but there was so much nonsense, I decided to break it up into two parts. Stay tuned for part two. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Lawmakers_Propose_$45M_to_Fight_U.S. Stillbirth_Crisis⠀⇛ Members of Congress on Thursday introduced sweeping legislation that aims to reduce the country’s stillbirth rate, tackling gaps in research, data and awareness as well as authorizing tens of millions of dollars in new funding. If passed, the Stillbirth Health Improvement and Education (SHINE) for Autumn Act of 2023 would be the most comprehensive federal stillbirth law on record. Rep. Young Kim, R-Calif., who introduced the bill in the House, called it “the first step in the right direction” to help prevent stillbirths and ensure healthy pregnancies. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Food_aid_cut_for_millions_due_to_lack of_funding:_UN⠀⇛ The United Nations has been forced to cut food, cash payments and assistance to millions of people because of “a crippling funding crisis” as acute hunger hits record levels. Carl Skau, deputy executive director of the World Food Program (WFP), says at least 38 of the 86 countries where the program operates have already seen cuts or plan to cut assistance soon — including Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen and West Africa. # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ One_More_COVID_Summer?⠀⇛ A mid-year wave might be brewing for the fourth year in a row. Will it always be like this? # ⚓ Reason ☛ Biden_White_House_Pressured_Facebook_To_Censor_Lab Leak_Posts⠀⇛ “Can someone quickly remind me why we were removing—rather than demoting/labeling—claims that Covid is man made,” asked Meta’s president for global affairs. o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ ChatGPT_and_other_generative_AI_could_foster science_denial_and_misunderstanding_–_here’s_how_you_can_be on_alert⠀⇛ This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Until very recently, if you wanted to know more about a controversial scientific topic – stem cell research, the safety of nuclear energy, climate change – you probably did a Google search. Presented with multiple sources, you chose what to read, selecting which sites or authorities to trust. # ⚓ Microsoft_Internal_Polls_Leak_Exposes_Employee_Discontent With_Culture_And_Leadership:_‘It’s_Not_Right’⠀⇛ The company’s Daily Signals polls show that the percentage of employees witnessing a positive change in Microsoft’s workplace culture fell from 62% in January to 40% in July. Confidence in the effectiveness of organizational leaders also took a hit, dropping from 75% in January to 59% in July. “Here employees take pay cuts as our company and leadership make record profits,” one employee wrote in response to CEO Satya Nadella‘s thank you note for a “landmark” fiscal year. o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_UK_Government_Is_Very_Close_to Eroding_Encryption_Worldwide⠀⇛ Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash By Joe Mullin / Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) The U.K. Parliament is pushing ahead with a sprawling internet regulation bill that will, among other thing […] o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Half_a_bil_per_aerial_truck_for_the Royal_Australian_Air_Force_–_what’s_the_scam?⠀⇛ It’s not often the Australian Government acquires the same type of aircraft, from the same company, to perform a similar role across a span of 66 years. The Albanese Government’s purchase of new transport aircraft provides an interesting insight into the eye-watering costs of defence procurement. What’s the scam? In 1957, the Menzies Government acquired 12 new C130A Hercules transport aircraft from the Lockheed Corporation for the Royal Australian Airforce. The total cost of the project was £14.681 million. That’s approximately $520.9m in 2022 value (using the Reserve Bank Inflation Calculator), or $43.4m for each aircraft. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ 70_Years_Later,_The_Korean_War_Must_End⠀⇛ A fragile ceasefire halted the Korean War 70 years ago. With nuclear tensions rising and the environment under threat, it’s time to end it for good. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ A_Story_More_Provocative_Than_Oppenheimer?⠀⇛ Academy Award nominated director Steve James and esteemed journalist David Lindorff join Scheer Intelligence to discuss their new film [...] # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Could_Europe’s_Next_War_Start_Here?⠀⇛ With tensions between Serbia and Kosovo reaching dangerous levels, Declassified visited disputed towns in northern Kosovo to see if another war could break out, which would likely draw in British t… # ⚓ NYPost ☛ ‘Exiled’_Russian_mercenary_boss_Prigozhin_hails Niger_coup,_touts_services⠀⇛ A voice message on Telegram app channels associated with Wagner that they said was Prigozhin did not claim involvement in the coup, but described it as a moment of long-overdue liberation from Western colonizers and made what looked like a pitch for his fighters to help keep order. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Soldiers_declare_Niger_general_as head_of_state_after_he_led_a_coup_and_detained_the president⠀⇛ Mutinous soldiers in Niger have declared the general who led a coup as the head of state. The announcement on state television Friday came hours after Gen. Abdourahmane Tchiani defended the takeover and asked for support from the nation and international partners. Concerns are growing that the political crisis could set back the country’s fight against jihadists and boost Russia’s influence in West Africa. Various factions of Niger’s military have reportedly wrangled for control since members of the presidential guard detained President Mohamed Bazoum on Wednesday. He was elected two years ago in Niger’s first peaceful, democratic transfer of power since independence from France. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Keen_to_Boost_Multifaceted_Ties_With Africa:_Putin⠀⇛ He noted that Western countries were “obstructing the supply of Russian grain and fertilizers,” while “hypocritically” accusing Moscow of creating a global food crisis. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ St._Petersburg_Hosts_the_Russia-South_Africa Business_Dialogue⠀⇛ The event was dedicated to the development of long- term business relations between both nations. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia-Africa_Forum_Analyzes_Urban_Infrastructure Development⠀⇛ Participants discussed the issues of modernisation and improvement of infrastructure and the introduction of innovative approaches⁠ # ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ Ukraine’s_baby_factories_rake_in_record profits_amid_chaos_of_war⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Explosion_reported_at_oil_refinery_in_Russian_city of_Samara_—_Meduza⠀⇛ State Duma Deputy Alexander Khinshtein reported that an explosion occurred at the Kuybyshevsky Oil Refinery in the Russian city of Samara. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Rostov_governor_reports_missile_explosion_in center_of_Taganrog_—_Meduza⠀⇛ An explosion rocked the city of Taganrog in Russia’s Rostov region on Friday, local media reported, citing witnesses. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Hong_Kong_courts_convict_10_people_of_riot_in_2019 anti-extradition_bill_protest⠀⇛ Ten people were convicted by two different Hong Kong courts Wednesday for unrest that took place on November 18, 2019 during the anti-extradition bill amendment protest. One case before Deputy District Judge Amy Chan involved four defendants, each with a count of riot. # § War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Parliament’s_Upper_Chamber_Approves Bill_Raising_Maximum_Age_For_Mandatory_Military Service⠀⇛ Russian parliament’s Federation Council on July 28 approved a bill raising the maximum age for mandatory one-year military service for men to 30 from 27. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kyrgyzstan_Prolongs_Detention_Of_Two_Russian Anti-War_Activists⠀⇛ The Kyrgyz State Committee of National Security (UKMK) says that the detention of Russian activists Alyona Krylova and Lev Skoryakin, who face extradition, has been extended. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘They’re_coming_here_and_telling_us_we’re the_occupiers’:_A_protest_against_Russian_tourists_in_a Georgian_coastal_city_ended_with_their_cruise_ship leaving_ahead_of_schedule_—_Meduza⠀⇛ On the morning of July 27, the cruise liner Astoria Grande arrived in the Georgian resort town of Batumi. The ship was carrying more than 800 people, most of whom were tourists from Russia. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_point_is_to_scare_viewers’:_TV_Rain Editor-in-Chief_Tikhon_Dzyadko_speaks_to_Meduza_about joining_the_ranks_of_Russia’s_‘undesirable’ organizations_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russia’s Prosecutor General has declared television news network TV Rain “undesirable” in Russia. The prosecutor’s office believes that the network “discredits” the Russian authorities, disseminates “fakes” about the war, supports “foreign agents,” and cites material from other “undesirable” organizations — like Meduza. After the announcement, TV Rain said that it would stop receiving donations from Russia and would cancel active subscriptions for Russian nationals, so as not to expose them to the risk of criminal prosecution. Meduza spoke to TV Rain’s editor-in-chief, Tikhon Dzyadko, about what comes next for the network. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_missile_attack_hits_residential building_and_Ukrainian_Security_Service_building_in Dnipro_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russia launched a missile strike on a high- rise residential building in Dnipro, report Ukraine’s Minister of Internal Affairs Ihor Klymenko and the People’s Deputy of Ukraine Oleksandr Bakumov. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Europe_Vowed_to_Make_Russia_Pay_for the_War._It’s_Not_That_Easy.⠀⇛ Confiscating Russian state assets frozen by the United States and Europe could breach international law and set a dangerous precedent, experts say. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ 2_Ukrainian_Fighters_Take_a_Break From_the_War_to_Marry_Each_Other⠀⇛ Their wedding was hosted by a charity group that provides uniforms, boots and other essentials to female soldiers, but because of demand recently started to organize such celebrations. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Baltics_need_more_self-reflection,_not_self- righteousness_–_opinion⠀⇛ As the Baltic states continue to resist Russia’s historical narratives and falsifications, self-reflection would be more productive than self-righteousness, writes Violeta Davoliūtė, a professor at the Vilnius University Institute of International Relations and Political Science (TSPMI). # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Court_Rejects_Appeals_Of_Crimean Tatar_Leader,_Co-Defendants_Against_Prison_Terms⠀⇛ A court in Russia has rejected appeals filed by Crimean Tatar leader Nariman Dzhelyal and two activists — brothers Aziz and Asan Akhmetov — against prison terms handed to them in September on a sabotage charge that Kyiv and rights groups call politically motivated. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Offensive_Aims_for_Better Shot_at_Russian_Targets⠀⇛ Ukraine is hoping that mile-by-mile gains could bring its weapons closer to Russian supply lines, if its forces can overcome Russia’s heavy defense. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine_Launches_Missile_Strikes_in Russia,_Moscow_Says⠀⇛ Kyiv did not take responsibility for the attacks, which could be a bid to broaden a war that has mostly rained ruin and death on Ukraine. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Explosion_Hits_Oil_Refinery_In_Russian_City Of_Samara⠀⇛ An explosion hit a major oil refinery in the Volga River city of Samara. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian,_Belarusian_Players_Denied_Entry_To Prague_Women’s_Tennis_Event⠀⇛ Czech police stopped an unnamed female Russian tennis player from entering the country ahead of the WTA Prague Open, organizers said, as a new government resolution banning athletes from Russia or Belarus caused the event to scratch other competitors. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia-Africa_Summit_Ends_With_Signing_of Final_Declaration⠀⇛ The final declaration commits to adopting coordinated approaches to the role for the development of Russian-African cooperation and efforts in the international arena, presidential aide Yury Ushakov said. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Sets_the_Age_of_Military_Service Between_18_and_30_Years⠀⇛ The increase in the maximum age was justified by the argument that it compensates for the reduction in the number of citizens who can be drafted. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Russian_embassy_staff_in_Helsinki_flees_in large_numbers_after_spy_expulsion⠀⇛ While Finland expelled nine embassy staff in June over espionage concerns, an exceptional number more have left Helsinki this summer according to a report by the Finnish News Agency STT. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Brazil_Declines_to_Extradite_Accused Russian_Spy_to_U.S.⠀⇛ Analysts had seen the Russian as a potential candidate in a prisoner swap with Russia, which holds two Americans on spying charges, Evan Gershkovich and Paul Whelan. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_accuses_Ukraine_of_missile_attack_in Rostov_region_after_explosion_rocks_Taganrog_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The city of Taganrog in Russia’s Rostov region was hit by an explosion on Friday. Local media and Telegram outlets reported that the blast shattered windows in multiple nearby buildings. Shortly after the explosion occurred, Governor Vasily Golubev reported that a “missile” had “presumably exploded” near a cafe on the city’s Lermontovsky Lane. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukraine’s_offensive_in_the_south,_Russia’s offensive_in_the_north_Meduza_shares_an_updated_combat map_with_the_latest_developments_in_Bakhmut,_Velyka Novosilka,_and_Orikhiv_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Since the start of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Meduza has adopted a consistent antiwar position, holding Russia responsible for its military aggression and atrocities. As part of this commitment, we regularly update an interactive map that documents combat operations in Ukraine and the damage inflicted by Russia’s invasion forces. Our map is based exclusively on previously published open-source photos and videos, most of them posted by eyewitnesses on social media. We collect reports already available publicly and determine their geolocation markers, adding only the photos and videos that clear this process. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukrainian_armed_forces_say_they_lack ammunition_for_air_defense_against_Russian_attacks_on grain_infrastructure_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Ukrainian army lacks the means to counter Russian strikes on grain infrastructure, which have become more and more frequent after Russia’s withdrawal from the grain deal, Natalia Humeniuk, spokesperson for operational command South, said. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_administration_originally_against keeping_lower_draft_limit_18,_but_Defense_Ministry convinced_president_more_soldiers_needed_—_Meduza⠀⇛ According to independent outlet Verstka, citing its sources, the political bloc of the presidential administration was originally against keeping the lower end of the draft age at 18, but the Defense Ministry convinced Vladimir Putin that the army did not have enough soldiers. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ullman_in_United_Press International_on_finding_a_way_to_end_the_war_in Ukraine⠀⇛ On July 26, Atlantic Council senior advisor Harlan Ullman published an op-ed in United Press International on how the United States must identify possible resolutions to Russia’s war in Ukraine. # ⚓ France24 ☛ 🔴_Live:_Zelensky_visiting_Ukrainian special_forces_near_Bakhmut⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said Saturday he was visiting “advanced positions” of Ukraine’s special forces near Bakhmut, the eastern city that Russian forces seized in May. The toll from a Russian missile strike on Friday in the city of Dnipro rose to nine people injured, including two children, Ukraine’s State Emergency Service said. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ EU_Sanctions_Russian_Companies_For_Spreading War_Propaganda⠀⇛ European Union countries have placed sanctions on seven Russian individuals and five entities over a “digital information manipulation” campaign. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Zelenskiy_Visits_Eastern_Front_Line_In Ukraine_As_Surge_Of_Fighting_Reported_In_South⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has visited the front line near the embattled eastern city of Bakhmut as heavy fighting continued in the country’s south. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Counterattack_or_ploy?_Kyiv_vigilant despite_heavy_Russian_shelling_of_northeast_region⠀⇛ Russian troops have mounted fierce assaults in Ukraine’s northeastern Kupiansk region, located at the northern end of the country’s 600-mile front line. While Moscow’s troops have reportedly gained some ground, military experts caution against calling this a full- blown offensive. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Ukraine_legislature_extends_martial_law_and general_mobilization_through_November⠀⇛ Ukraine’s Parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, approved bills on Thursday that extends martial law and general mobilization in the country for an additional 90 days. The move marks the eighth extension since the start of the war in Ukraine. # ⚓ LRT ☛ ‘Like_day_and_night’:_long-time_Ukrainian residents_feel_less_welcome_in_Lithuania_than refugees⠀⇛ More than 70,000 Ukrainian refugees have arrived in Lithuania since the full-scale Russian invasion. However, around 14,000 Ukrainians lived in Lithuania even before the war broke out. Those who have been living here for years do not call themselves refugees but see a big difference in attitudes to them and their recently arrived compatriots. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.S._Says_Russia’s_Shoigu_Looking_For_Weapons In_North_Korea⠀⇛ Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on July 29 that the United States believes Russia’s defense minister is in North Korea to secure supplies of weapons to aid the stalled invasion of Ukraine. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Swordswoman_Allowed_To_Compete Again_At_World_Championships_After_Disqualification⠀⇛ Ukrainian multiple saber fencing world champion Olha Kharlan was set to compete later on July 29 in the team event at the world championships in Milan, after originally being disqualified for refusing a handshake with a Russian opponent in the individual event. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Fencer_Invited_To_Olympics_After Refusing_To_Shake_Russian’s_Hand⠀⇛ The International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 28 awarded Ukrainian fencer Olha Kharlan a place in the Paris Olympics after she was disqualified at the World Fencing Championships for refusing to shake her Russian opponent’s hand. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ African_Union_Chairman_Says_Putin’s_Grain Offer_Is_Not_Enough,_Calls_For_Cease-Fire_In_Ukraine⠀⇛ The chairman of the African Union said on July 28 that proposals by Russian President Vladimir Putin to provide grain to Africa were insufficient. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_Says_It_Shot_Down_Two_Ukrainian Missiles_Over_Russian_Territory⠀⇛ The Russian Defense Ministry said on July 28 that it shot down a Ukrainian missile over the city of Taganrog in the Rostov region that borders Ukraine. # ⚓ Helsinki Times ☛ Finnish_Immigration_Service witnesses_decrease_in_reception_centre_demand⠀⇛ The Finnish Immigration Service has observed a decline in the need for reception centre capacity as fewer Ukrainians have arrived in the country compared to the previous year, and many have left the reception system. Consequently, several reception centres will be closed, aligning the capacity with the reduced demand. The Finnish Immigration Service is responsible for coordinating, planning, and overseeing the reception system, which depends on the number of individuals seeking international and temporary protection upon arriving in Finland. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Taxi_Driver_Gets_18_Years_In_Prison For_Setting_National_Guard’s_Headquarters_On_Fire⠀⇛ A Russian court sentenced a taxi driver to 18 years in prison on July 28 for setting the entrance of the National Guard’s headquarters in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur on fire in June last year. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Brazil_Rejects_U.S._Request_To_Extradite Alleged_Russian_Spy_Sergei_Cherkasov⠀⇛ Brazilian authorities said they have rejected a request by the United States to extradite Sergei Cherkasov, who Washington alleges collected information on the war in Ukraine while posing as a graduate school student. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russia_Strikes_Ukrainian_Grain Terminal,_Kyiv_Says⠀⇛ President Volodymyr Zelensky has promised to build up defenses around his country’s southern coast, but Kyiv must make tough decisions about where to put its resources. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_Odesa,_Attacks_Stoke_Hatred_of Russia⠀⇛ President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia views Odesa as a culturally important part of his nation. But many in the Ukrainian city reject the connection and view the country that has been attacking it with loathing. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ In_Other_News:_Data_Breach_Cost Rises,_Russia_Targets_Diplomats,_Tracker_Alerts_in Android⠀⇛ Weekly cybersecurity news roundup that provides a summary of noteworthy stories that might have slipped under the radar for the week of July 24, 2023. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Apple_rejects_new_name_‘X’_for_Twitter iOS_app_because…_rules⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ As_the_U.N._Warns_“The_Era_of_Global Boiling_Has_Arrived,”_Biden_Resists_Declaring_a_Climate Emergency⠀⇛ July is on pace to be the hottest month ever recorded, and the impact of the soaring temperatures is being felt across the globe in massive heat waves, wildfires, flooding and more. On Thursday, U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said the world has entered the “era of global boiling,” and President Joe Biden gave a major speech to unveil new measures to combat the crisis but resisted calls to declare a climate emergency. David Wallace-Wells, an opinion writer for The New York Times and a columnist for The New York Times Magazine, says the world is not moving quickly enough to phase out fossil fuels, and even some of the progress that has been made is easily erased by massive wildfires like those burning in Canada right now. We also speak with Dharna Noor, fossil fuels and climate reporter at The Guardian US, who wrote an exposé on “Project 2025,” a right- wing plan to dismantle environmental policies and many regulatory protections if a Republican takes the White House in the next election. She calls the document’s drafters “a who’s who of the far right.” # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Tesla_Lied_About_EV_Range,_Then_Created_A Team_Built_Specifically_To_Undermine_Customer_Attempts To_Get_Help⠀⇛ Elon Musk’s companies are routinely heralded for unbridled innovation, but when it comes to very basic customer service, most of them are an incompetent nightmare. Starlink customers looking for refunds after being on waiting lists for years are routinely ghosted. Tesla Solar customers often have it even worse; shelling out huge sums of money only to be jerked around for months or years on end. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Chopper_crash_overshadows defence_talks,_missile_deal⠀⇛ A helicopter crash and the desperate search for the four personnel on board have overshadowed top-level strategic talks between Australian and United States officials. Foreign Minister Penny Wong and Defence Minister Richard Marles met their US counterparts in Brisbane on Saturday morning to discuss security, stability and the progression of a major defence deal. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ IAEA_experts_detect_explosions_near Zaporizhzhia_NPP_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have detected explosions near the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, says Oleh Korikov, Chief State Inspector for Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Ukraine. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Protect_This_Place:_World-Renowned Elwha_River_Threatened_by_State_Logging⠀⇛ o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ignoring_Warnings_of_Mass_Job_Loss,_Fed_Hikes Rates_to_Highest_Level_in_Decades⠀⇛ “The dangerous reflex to hike rates, no matter the causes of inflation, is both a policy failure and a failure to imagine a world in which workers are anything other than expendable,” […] # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Billing_Russia’s_billionaires:_How_Ukraine_is going_after_Mikhail_Fridman_and_Roman_Abramovich’s_sanctioned wealth_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Mikhail Fridman and Roman Abramovich are among Russia’s most prominent oligarchs. But outside of Russia, their billions are tied up due to international sanctions imposed in response to Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The Ukrainian authorities are seeking to seize these assets, both at home and abroad, to help fund Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction, which is already slated to cost hundreds of billions of dollars. However, a lack of legal precedent has complicated international efforts to transfer Russian funds to Ukraine. Meduza special correspondents Elizaveta Antonova and Svetlana Reiter go behind the scenes of Ukraine’s attempts to seize Fridman and Abramovich’s frozen wealth. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Insight Hungary ☛ Romanian_and_Slovak_Foreign_Ministry summons_Hungarian_ambassador_over_Orbán’s_comments⠀⇛ The Slovak Foreign Ministry summoned the Hungarian ambassador after Viktor Orbán’s speech in Băile Tuşnad, Romania on Saturday. The nationalist prime minister spoke about Slovakia as a “partitioned part of [Hungary]“, Slovak news outlet Napunk reports. “Czechoslovakia (and later Slovakia) or Hungary are successor states to Austria-Hungary. They could therefore not secede anything from present-day Hungary,” the Slovak Foreign Ministry said in a statement. “Any direct or indirect questioning of the territorial integrity or sovereignty of Slovakia is absolutely unacceptable to us,” they added. # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Giant_‘X’_logo_on_Twitter_building ruffles_feathers⠀⇛ The city of San Francisco has opened a complaint and launched an investigation into a giant “X” sign installed on top of the building formerly known as Twitter headquarters. The sign was installed on Friday as owner Elon Musk continues his rebrand of the social media platform. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ralph_Nader:_Open_Letter_to_Members_of Congress:_Crises_Demand_More_Time_Shorter_Vacation⠀⇛ “US Congress 02” by Bjoertvedt is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. By Ralph Nader / Nader.org The Congress is about to embark on the longest of its numerous annual  “recesses” – some w… # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Ex-Twitter_Resorts_To_Threatening_Companies_It Will_Take_Away_Their_Verification_If_They_Don’t_Start_Buying More_Ads⠀⇛ It’s no secret that Elon Musk is desperate for advertisers to return to the platform. He just recently admitted that the company is still cashflow negative and that around 50% of advertisers have left (other reports say the number is bigger). This is despite his earlier claims that the company would break even on a cashflow basis in Q2 (not to mention, despite not paying a bunch of bills). # ⚓ Quartz ☛ Meta_admits_more_than_half_of_Threads_users_have already_stopped_using_the_app⠀⇛ Threads has lost more than half of its users, according to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, just weeks after attracting more_than_100_million_signups to the text-based social media launched to rival X, the app formerly known as Twitter. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ ‘Eco-Fraud’:_Influential_Motorcycle_Lobby Group_Promotes_Climate_Science_Denial⠀⇛ A well-connected motorcycle lobby group is denying climate science and telling bikers that climate change is an “eco-fraud” that will “cost you your freedom”, DeSmog can reveal.  The Motorcycle Action Group (MAG) is one of the UK’s largest motorcyclist associations, and claims to have some 50,000 members. It met with the government in June, when it lobbied ministers to halt the proposed phase- out of conventional cars with internal combustion engines.  o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Government_Needs_Both_the_Ability_to_Talk_to_Social Media_Platforms_and_Clear_Limits,_EFF_Argues_in_Brief_to Appellate_Court⠀⇛ “Government co-option of the content moderation systems of social media companies is a serious threat to freedom of speech,” the brief notes, although “there are clearly times when it is permissible, appropriate, and even good public policy for government agencies and officials to non-coercively communicate with social media companies about the user speech they publish on their sites.”  EFF filed the amicus brief to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Missouri v. Biden, a lawsuit brought by Louisiana, Missouri, and several individuals alleging that federal government agencies and officials illegally pushed social media platforms to censor content about COVID safety measures and vaccines, elections, and Hunter Biden’s laptop, among other issues.    Judge Terry A. Doughty of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana sided with the plaintiffs, issuing a broad preliminary injunction July 4. The appellate court has stayed the injunction temporarily.   # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives,_organization dedicated_to_helping_conscripts_and_mobilized_men,_announces termination_of_its_work_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Council of Mothers and Wives, which was organized by relatives of mobilized men and conscripts, announced the cessation of its work, due to its declaration as a “foreign agent.” # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ As_Book_Bans_Sweep_the_US,_Incarcerated_People Face_the_Worst_Censorship⠀⇛ The freedom to read for everyone requires an end to prisons. # ⚓ Reason ☛ Another_Internet_Sleuth_/_“True_Crime”_Podcast Libel_Lawsuit,_Here_About_Kiely_Rodni_Case⠀⇛ From the Complaint in Robertson v. Upchurch (M.D. Tenn.), just filed today (paragraph numbers and some paragraph breaks deleted); recall, of course that these are all just the plaintiffs’ allegations: Ryan Upchurch is a media personality, musician, and prolific “YouTuber” who has approximately 3,110,000 subscribers on YouTube as of the date of this filing. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ After_Investigation,_PA_Lawmakers_Rethink Funding_for_Child_ID_Kits⠀⇛ Two months after Texas lawmakers stripped millions of dollars from a company that supplies child identification kits, a bill to fund a similar program in Pennsylvania is facing key opposition. In March, two Pennsylvania senators filed legislation that called for purchasing and distributing child identification kits for all of the state’s first graders. The kits, which would cost the state about $350,000, needed to use “inkless” fingerprinting technology, according to the bill. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Texas_Rep._Greg_Casar_on_Why_He_Undertook “Thirst_Strike”_to_Demand_Heat_Protections_for_Workers⠀⇛ As nearly half of Americans face heat advisories, President Biden announced new steps Thursday to provide relief, and Texas Congressmember Greg Casar held an eight-hour thirst strike Tuesday on the steps of the U.S. Capitol to highlight the need for a federal workplace heat standard, including mandatory water breaks for workers. This comes as Texas Governor Greg Abbott recently signed legislation overturning local rules for mandatory workplace water breaks. “It is a slap in the face. It is dangerous. It will get people killed. But most of all, it’s disrespectful to working people,” says Casar. “I’m outraged, but, unfortunately, not surprised.” At least 2,000 workers in the United States die every year from heat exposure, and the risk is likely to increase as the planet continues to warm due to the climate crisis. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Teamsters’_Proposed_Agreement_With_UPS_Is a_Great_Victory_by_and_for_the_Workers⠀⇛ Six days before their national contract with the United Parcel Services was set to expire—the moment US labor law officially removes complex pro- employer barriers banning workers from waging a strike—the Teamsters announced that they had reached a Tentative Agreement (TA) in their national negotiations with UPS. Teamster members will have from August 3 to August 22 to read, celebrate, debate—and ultimately vote to ratify or reject the proposed TA. While at press time full details aren’t yet available, we’ve known for almost a month that important issues at the top of the workers’ demands had already been achieved before the talks broke down on July 5. Teamsters President Sean O’Brien had announced some of these key provisions with justified fanfare as each significant breakthrough was won in late June. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Emmett_Till’s_Cousin,_Rev._Wheeler_Parker Jr.,_Welcomes_New_National_Monument_for_Lynched_Teenager⠀⇛ On what would have been Emmett Till’s 82nd birthday, President Joe Biden designated a new national monument in Mississippi and Illinois honoring Emmett Till and his mother, Mamie Till- Mobley. Emmett Till was just 14 years old when a white mob abducted him from his great-uncle’s home in Money, Mississippi, in 1955 before torturing and lynching him. His mother’s decision to hold an open-casket funeral revealing his mutilated body shocked the country and served as a galvanizing moment in the civil rights movement. This comes amid efforts to suppress such history from being included in school textbooks, led by Florida governor and Republican presidential candidate Ron DeSantis. We speak with Emmett Till’s cousin, Reverend Wheeler Parker Jr., who was Till’s best friend and witnessed his abduction. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ American_Character⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ How_Stan_Lee_Became_the_Face_of_an Exploitative_Industry⠀⇛ In early June, there was an intense outpouring of grief from the many friends of the cartoonist Ian McGinty, known for his work on winsome manga- inflected children’s comics such as Welcome to Sideshow and Adventure Time, who passed away unexpectedly at the age 38. Private mourning can sometimes explode into public anger when a death is resonant with larger problems. The world of comic books and graphic novels, like Hollywood and television in this era of labor strife, is one of many cultural industries where anger at shoddy working conditions has made nerves raw. As Chris Kindred reported in The Daily Beast, an angry tweet by fellow cartoonist Shivana Sookdeo provoked debate that “soon took on a life of its own as industry novices and veterans alike began commiserating over the labor conditions that colleagues have speculated contributed to McGinty’s passing. Their stories of long hours, frequent burnout, and chronic illness were filed under the hashtag #ComicsBrokeMe, illuminating for the wider public how dangerous the comics industry has become.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sinéad_O’Connor_Always_Knew_That_Black_Lives Mattered⠀⇛ Sinéad O’Connor explained the point of her career in her 2021 memoir: “Everyone wants a pop star. See? But I am a protest singer.” # ⚓ Michael West Media ☛ Say_her_name:_inquiry_reminded_of women_who_have_died⠀⇛ A public hearing into missing and murdered First Nations women and children has finished with a list of Aboriginal women who have died in custody and a poignant reminder: say her name. Latoya Rule, from the Jumbunna Institute for Indigenous Education and Research, read out some of the names of Aboriginal women who have died in custody to the senate inquiry in Sydney. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Federal_Court_Accepts_Arizona_AG’s_Admission_Of Defeat,_Blocks_‘No_Recording_Cops_Within_8_Feet’_Law⠀⇛ One of a long series of laws written to limit police officer accountability has been not only rejected by a federal judge, but also the cops it was supposed to “protect” and Arizona’s top prosecutor. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ California_Lawmakers_Say_It’s_Time_To_Regulate The_Internet_The_Same_Way_China_Does⠀⇛ Here’s Part Two of my two parter about the Satanic Panic-level moral panic that has befallen the disconnected-from-reality California legislature (in a bipartisan way) as they seek to destroy the internet “to protect the children). o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Browser_developers_push_back_on Google’s_“web_DRM”_WEI_API⠀⇛ o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Korean_Royalty_Collecting_Society_Fined For_Acting_Like_Racketeering_Thugs⠀⇛ Copyright royalty collection societies don’t exactly have a stellar reputation for operating on the ethical up and up. Our pages are filled with these collection societies pulling all sorts of bullshit. Some of my favorites are things like when one society insisted on collecting royalties from a bar that was shut down due to COVID, all the stories about these groups failing to pay artists what they’re supposed to, or the collection society that wanted children to pay up for playing music at high school graduation parties. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4567 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_Links_29/07/2023:_Communications_Secretaries_and_Godwin’s_Law⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:02 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Politics_and_World_Events o Technology_and_Free_Software # Internet/Gemini * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ Random_Fooding⠀⇛ Blueberries that are accidentally mashed and put in a jar with some water will need stirring now and then to help oxygenate the mix. Also be sure to use blueberries right off the bush; these have a fine powder on them that is the natural yeast. # ⚓ Communications_Secretaries⠀⇛ Suppose you had enough money to be ridiculous. Here’s something great you could do: Hire a few full-time Communications Secretaries, to live and travel with you. They could work in shifts, so you’d have 24/hr coverage, and they wouldn’t get worn out. Build quarters for them, so they could be comfortable and have privacy yet be close at hand; and, so their families could be near them, if they have families and want them nearby during work shifts. And pay them fantastically well, more than they could make at any sensical job. # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_AHIKOWR_Wordo:_FOSSE⠀⇛ o § Politics and World Events⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Kids_Online_Safety_Act_S.1409⠀⇛ Senator Richard Blumenthal introduced S.3663 last year, the Kids Online Safety Act, and re-introduced it as S.1409 this year. In the next couple days, it will get marked up in the senate, and continue on its merry way. The act is stupid, as most acts of congress are. The name of the act is a manipulation of elemental protective feelings–as most act names are. In reality, they could call this act and so many others, the Give Government Control of Your Life Act. Government doesn’t care about children, or humans in general–the evidence of that truth is depressingly overwhelming. # ⚓ A_friend_in_jail⠀⇛ A friend of mine recently started serving a six- year prison sentence. The full story is long, as they usually are, but in brief he accepted a plea deal related to some images that he had on his Google drive. He may have some chance of getting out in three years, if all goes well. I’ve been in touch with him through Securustech.net. It’s $0.25 for a “digital stamp” to send him an emessage (plus another $0.25 to send him a return stamp so he can reply.) We’ve also chatted on the phone, also through Securus; I believe that was about $0.65 for 10 minutes. The charges are understandable, when you consider the fact that some employee has to read my email to search for… I’m not sure, something illegal I suppose. And, some employee has to listen in on our phone call as well. Time is money, after all. # ⚓ the_truth⠀⇛ this bullshit ufo congressional hearing shit where the bullshit ufo “whistleblower” has described the conspiracy from the x files before congress has popped up in the middle of an x files rewatch and now im inspired to write about it. not about the bullshit hearing, which is just bullshit, and obvious bullshit, but about the x files and its complicated relationship with the “truth” underlying conspiracy theories. so here goes nothing. this is going to spoil how the show ends without, in my opinion, actually spoiling anything, so if you care about spoilers for a 30 year old series youve been warned, but again, for complicated reasons ill get into i dont think its *actually* a spoiler. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ 2023-07-28⠀⇛ I have been enjoying the Old Computer Challenge phlog posts. I was thinking about participating with an old MDD G4 PowerMac but I pretty much realized that I’m more in love with the idea of the OCC rather than actually participating. To be more specific, I adore old operating systems and UIs and hyper-efficient software and command lines…but the hardware part? not so much. The fact that we all connect to SDF to use gopher and links and irssi is already a pretty fulfilling “retro” computing style for me. I feel like if I had some version of Unix with a useable version of SSH, then I would be 90% able to do everything I need on a daily basis with one very big exception…youtube. # ⚓ Mac_Classic_Expansion_Card⠀⇛ I bought a Macintosh Classic sometime early pandemic for nostalgia. I got a terminal emulator loaded up and connected to a Raspberry Pi, so I use it for writing or browsing the small web. A few weeks ago, I started getting gray, horizontal lines on boot. I opened it up- and the mainboard on this thing is so strange. There’s the main board with ports and what looks like a processor- then *another* board of similar size with another with a Motorola chip and RAM. The two boards are only mounted together by a socket that overlaps the processor, and very flimsy. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Blog_Log_No._277⠀⇛ I just cannot keep this blog updated, can I? I write so much but never on here. I think sometimes this just turns into a journal and not a blog and that’s a little too personal for my taste. Even though I don’t know any of you. And, as always, you can’t write back. # ⚓ I_am_alive!⠀⇛ Someone on the Fediverse asked me why I am talking about using Gopher while I am silent here on my Gopherhole. Yes, I haven’t posted for a longer while. But it isn’t mean that I stopped using Gopher. I am alive and I am browsing Gophersphere daily. I for sure was reading [Old Computer Challenge Gopher Hole]. But this Phlog is intended for my Gopher research, and I haven’t had anything interesting to add to that topic. I’ve been experimenting with Offpunk, but I’ve come across some problems with it. And during summer days I haven’t found time for that. But the proper time will come in the future. Cheers! P.S. The latest news on the Gophersphere is [GitHub proxy]. A nice thing, and it’s something new. # ⚓ Godwin’s_Law:_Gaiden⠀⇛ this is a minor one, and will likely be a short one. this is in the genre of “using twitter drama as a jumping off point to complain about something”. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4803 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_Links_29/07/2023:_All_Software_is_Made_for_the_First_Time,_Disk Failure⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 5:33 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Politics_and_World_Events o Science o Technology_and_Free_Software * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ Saturday.._in_a_post.._I_think_it_was_the_29th_of_July⠀⇛ My wife led three female-centric-themed songs, I led a couple Beatles, and then the host said, “Y’all got one more in you?” The right song came immediately to mind. Given we were the final performers, I felt that although we’d only played it only once together, that one time was just a few hours before at the senior living facility. So I said, “As a matter of fact, we do!”, and got us going on KC and the Sunshine Band’s “Get Down Tonight”. # ⚓ A_Dying_Profession⠀⇛ o § Politics and World Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Hitchens_and_the_Myth_of_Socrates⠀⇛ He correctly realizes that it’s worthwhile to discuss the philosophy of Socrates without getting bogged down in the historicity of the guy. Yet when it comes to the lilies parable in Matthew 6 a few centuries later (which is the verse he quotes), he gets hung up on census data and specific time and date. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Bible_and_climate_change⠀⇛ We need to recognize that for the past three hundred years we’ve headed down a dangerous path—the fossil-driven economy—that’s dangerous to stay on and difficult to get off of. There’s nothing in recorded human history and scripture, in the past ten thousand years or so, that can prepare us for this situation. Clinging to old commandments like being fruitful and multiplying is something we need to think twice about. The United States is, per capita, one of the worst greenhouse emitters on the planet and part of the reason for that is, of course, conservatism. A short-sighted and cruel ideology that aims to gilt the prison bars. From Buckley’s racist “don’t immanentize the Eschaton” to today’s senate-floor snowball-throwers, it’s the politics of molasses, of getting stuck in the quicksand as the tide is coming in. They’ll have the least immanentized Eschaton on the cinder. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ keyboard_with_a_screen⠀⇛ The other day I started poking at the old code I had for drawing stuff on the screen my keyboard has built into it. I’d had a basic, control the pixel with some buttons and it’ll leave a trail, but I’d left it with a bug preventing sleeps less than a second. Which made it really annoying to fiddle with. I figured that out and promptly threw most of it out anyway. Then I wanted to be able to use the screen as a tiny display that could do terminal stuff. Using some of the code from #g15stats and #hackvr_term I was able to get a program, which I named #g15term, that let me pipe stuff from stdin to the screen. Which works good enough for me. (While writing this, I found that menelkir wrote their own thing named g15term. I should probably pick a different name.) # ⚓ All_Software_is_Made_for_the_First_Time⠀⇛ One of the things I like about working as a developer is that all of the problems are being solved for the first time. Outside of the realm of writing software for educational purposes, very rarely is a piece of software written to do exactly the same job as an existing program; the client will just go download the existing one instead. The marginal cost of distributing software is so small that it doesn’t even come close to even a few hours of dev time. This means that the majority of devs are working on interesting, novel problems; very little development work is grunt work. It makes everything more interesting for sure. There are some downsides, though. Most pressingly, it is very difficult to know how long any given task will take. It is very often the case that it is impossible to say whether a bug can be fixed in just a couple of hours or will take a few weeks or more. This is inevitabling creates some friction between the developer team and the rest of the org who, somewhat rightfully, demand more concrete timelines. # ⚓ Disk_failure⠀⇛ This week I had ran into a proper disk failure, which was an interesting experience. This was actually the first time I’ve had to deal with a failing disk in a RAID1 array and I don’t recall encountering other disk failures with BTRFS before this one either. But yeah, I keep a RAID1 array of 2 hard drives for storing my livestream VODs. It started out as my general video production array back when I was still doing YouTube, but these days it pretty much just stores livestreams I’ve done over the years. # ⚓ Players_creating_quests_for_players⠀⇛ # ⚓ nostalgia-land⠀⇛ This machine is almost 30 years old (and it’s still working!), yet it runs a current version of OpenBSD, even software that I wrote for my usual workstation. I like this a lot. Judging by the performance of this old machine, I might not need to replace my current workstation (which is already over a decade old) for another 10 or maybe 20 years … ? Crazy. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4999 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.29.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_29/07/2023:_Thunderbird_115_on_Flathub,_FSF_Blasts_“Web_Environment Integrity”_(DRM)⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Server o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o New_Releases o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Licensing_/_Legal o Programming/Development # Python * Leftovers o Science o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Pseudo-Open_Source # Openwashing o Security # Fear,_Uncertainty,_Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Overpopulation o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies # Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Leveraging_Linux_OS_for_Strategic_Business_Advancements_in the_Internet_Sector⠀⇛ In the rapidly evolving world of the internet sector, businesses are constantly seeking innovative strategies to gain a competitive edge. One such strategy that has been gaining traction is the strategic utilization of Linux Operating System (OS). Linux, an open-source operating system, has emerged as a powerful tool for businesses looking to maximize growth and efficiency in the internet sector. Linux OS offers a plethora of advantages that make it an attractive choice for businesses. Its open- source nature means that it is free to use, modify, and distribute, providing businesses with significant cost savings. This is particularly beneficial for startups and small businesses operating on tight budgets. Moreover, Linux is renowned for its stability and security, making it a reliable choice for businesses that handle sensitive data. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Creator_of_the_Unix_Sysadmin_Song explains_its_origins_•_The_Register⠀⇛ o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Christian Haschek ☛ SSH_based_comment_system⠀⇛ In 2015 I read an article (hn discussion) that was using SSH as a sort-of 2fa for websites where you needed to SSH into a server, which gave you a link with a token that allowed you to sign into the site. I wondered if I could make a comment system for this blog using SSH. # ⚓ Julia Evans ☛ Why_is_DNS_still_hard_to_learn?⠀⇛ I write a lot about technologies that I found hard to learn about. A while back my friend Sumana asked me an interesting question – why are these things so hard to learn about? Why do they seem so mysterious? For example, take DNS. We’ve been using DNS since the 80s (for more than 35 years!). It’s used in every website on the internet. And it’s pretty stable – in a lot of ways, it works the exact same way it did 30 years ago. But it took me YEARS to figure out how to confidently debug DNS issues, and I’ve seen a lot of other programmers struggle with debugging DNS problems as well. So what’s going on? Here are a couple of thoughts about why learning to troubleshoot DNS problems is hard. # ⚓ OSTechNix ☛ A_Beginner’s_Guide_To_Dual_Booting_Windows_And RHEL⠀⇛ Windows and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) are two of the most popular operating systems in the world. Windows is known for its ease of use and compatibility with a wide range of software, while RHEL is known for its stability and security. If you’re looking for a way to get the best of both worlds, dual booting Windows and RHEL is a great option. # ⚓ IT Pro ☛ How_to_run_graphical_Linux_applications_in_Windows [Ed: Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is an attack on GNU/ Linux. Do not use it. Instead, dual boot, use a virtual machine, or just get rid of Windows. WSL is meant to prevent people from doing so.]⠀⇛ Windows is by far the most popular operating system in the world – but for developers and power users, it’s often helpful to be able to switch to a Linux environment. In the past, this meant dual-booting or installing your chosen distribution in a virtual machine. But since 2016 there’s been a better way: the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is an optional OS component that provides a fully working, officially supported Linux environment right inside Windows. The major limitation of WSL, when it was first introduced, was that it was a text-only interface. You could run scripts and command-line programs, but graphical applications were off the menu. That’s no longer the case. All desktop editions of Windows 10 and 11 now support WSLg – an updated version of WSL, where the “g” stands for GUI. It enables you to run graphical Linux applications directly on the Windows desktop, with minimal configuration. It’s a huge boon for anyone who works across multiple platforms, or who just wants to try out applications and tools that aren’t available for Windows. # ⚓ AddictiveTips ☛ How_to_use_Google_Bard_from_the_Linux terminal⠀⇛ To use Google Bard in your Linux terminal, you must install a few things. First, you’ll need to install the Google Bard API. You need this API to interact with Google Bard. To install the Bard API, start by opening up a terminal window. Once the terminal window is open and ready to use, it’s time to install the Google Bard API with the pip install command. # ⚓ AboutChromebooks ☛ How_to_install_Google_Earth_Pro_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Earlier this morning, I received an email question from a reader, asking how to install Google Earth Pro on a Chromebook. Yes, there is a web version as well as Google Earth for Android that runs on ChromeOS. But the most fully featured version is Google Earth Pro for desktops. And since there’s a version for Linux, you can easily install Google Earth Pro on a Chromebook. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ For_Honor_from_Ubisoft_gets_an_anti-cheat update_–_now_Playable_on_Steam_Deck⠀⇛ Nice to see more bigger publisher jumping in to get their games working on Steam Deck and desktop Linux. Ubisoft has now upgraded For Honor to support Easy Anti-Cheat on Deck. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Nate Graham ☛ This_week_in_KDE:_Sounds_like_Plasma 6⠀⇛ Excellent progress was made this week towards the goal of full sound theme support in Plasma 6, among other topics–including some important performance work for KWin! Significantly reduced cursor latency under heavy load in the Plasma Wayland session! System Settings gained a page to let you configure which sound theme you want to use! # ⚓ Try_KDE_Gear_23.08_Beta_on_KDE_neon⠀⇛ KDE Gear is our bundle of apps which we release three times a year. Next month’s release just got a beta for testing so there’s now dozens of apps needing tested. You can download the KDE neon testing ISO or try the KDE neon container with Distrobox to give them a try. Try out the new KTuberling. Do not try out KFloppy, it has finally ended its long and happy life. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ LWN ☛ Systemd_254_released⠀⇛ Systemd 254 has been released. As usual, there is a long list of changes, including a new list-paths command for systemctl, the ability to send POSIX signals to services, a “soft reboot” feature that restarts user space while leaving the kernel in place, improved support for “confidential virtual machines”, and a lot more. o ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ On_the_future_of_free_long_term_support for_Linux_distributions⠀⇛ To date, this public good has broadly been provided for free for various periods of time by Debian developers, Red Hat, Canonical, and so on. Red Hat’s switch from ‘CentOS’ to ‘CentOS Stream’ and now their change to how Stream works marks Red Hat ceasing to provide this public good for free; it’s now fairly likely to be a more or less private, for pay thing. Canonical has never provided this public good beyond five years (and in practice only to a limited extent), and now there are signs they’re going to limit this in various ways (also). Debian has sort of provided this only semi-recently, in the form of non-official five year support (and extended paid support). I’m not sure about the practical state of openSUSE but see their lifetime page for the current claims. o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Independent_Distro_4MLinux_43.0_Released_with Linux_6.1_LTS,_Thunderbird_115⠀⇛ 4MLinux 43.0 is here about three and a half months after 4MLinux 42.0 and sticks with the long-term supported Linux 6.1 LTS kernel series. However, it brings the newer Mesa 23.1 graphics stack, the latest LibreOffice 7.5 office suite, and the recently released Firefox 115.0 and Chrome 115.0 web browsers. Other updated components in this release include AbiWord 3.0.5 word processor, GIMP 2.10.34 image editor, Gnumeric 1.12.55 spreadsheet editor, Mozilla Thunderbird 115.0 email and calendar client, Audacious 4.3.1 audio player, VLC 3.0.18 and SMPlayer 23.6.0 media player, and Wine 8.12. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Latest_version_of_Canonical’s_Wayland compositor_arrives⠀⇛ Canonical is still working away on its own Mir display server, used in several of its IoT product lines. Version 2.14 gains more functionality useful for full desktop environments. Mir is a complex project which has undergone some big changes over its more than a decade of existence, and it has several subprojects now, including the Lomiri desktop, which not only natively runs on Debian but is included as part of Debian 12. Mir 2.14 – that’s version 14 of Mir 2, not version two-point-one-four – is out, and supports a larger range of Wayland functionality. The announcement says this release brings support for Wayland screenlockers (the ext-session-lock-v1 Wayland extension protocol), and support for Drag ‘n Drop, which also means that “attached” windows can be “restored”” by a drag gesture. It has improved nVidia hardware support, and fixes an evdev handling bug. Since version 2.0, Mir has been a pure Wayland compositor, although the fondleslab version still uses the older Mir 1.8, because that also supports the older mirclient APIs. In fact, it’s not so much a Wayland compositor; as lead developer Alan Griffiths told The Register: “Mir is a set of libraries for building Wayland compositors.” He went on to say: “There are a number of projects that use these libraries, the most significant being Ubuntu Frame, Lomiri and Miriway.” o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ 12_Euros_ESP32-S3-DevKit-LiPo_board_runs Linux_6.3⠀⇛ Olimex ESP32-S3-DevKit-LiPo is a new open-source hardware ESP32-S3 board with 8MB flash, 8MB PSRAM, as well as LiPo battery and JTAG support that can run Linux 6.3, or the more traditional Arduino or MicroPython firmware. The board is based on the ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N8R8 module, features two USB-C ports for power, programming, and JTAG debugging, plenty of expansion with two rows of I/Os plus a pUEXT connector, Reset and Boot buttons, and a couple of LEDs. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ [Repeat] Andrew Hutchings ☛ Amiga_3000:_Restoration_Part 4⠀⇛ Of course, the day I started the vapour retrobrighting technique, the dark clouds rolled over, and we had rain for most of the day. So, the box was brought into my workshop and left near a window. The process was still working regardless, this is how it looked after the first 24 hours. # ⚓ Pete Warden ☛ Accelerating_AI_with_the_Raspberry_Pi_Pico’s dual_cores⠀⇛ The summary is that I was able to get approximately a 1.9x speed boost by breaking a convolution function into two halves and running one on each processor. The longer story is that I actually implemented most of this several months ago, but got stuck due to a silly mistake where I was accidentally serializing the work by calling functions in the wrong order! I was in the process of preparing a bug report for the RPi team who had kindly agreed to take a look when I realized my mistake. Another win for rubberducking! # ⚓ DanTheMan ☛ Big_Dan_the_Blogging_Man⠀⇛ This was one of those last minute decisions which was not well thought out. I found the component I wanted on mouser which had a foot print available for Kicad. I designed the PCB without actually seeing the component. I had worked on this for so long I wanted to get the PCB ordered without waiting to see get the actual component in hand. Its not like I’ve never seen a Micro USB socket before, but when I finally got them in the mail and looked at the size of the pins, my thought was “OH WOW how am I going to solder that???” # ⚓ Solar_Powered_Conways_Game_of_Life⠀⇛ The device hangs on a wall a few feet from the window. Around 9am on bright summer days I will see the first new generation being born for the day. By that time the small drawdown from the ultra low power core of the esp32 will have been replenished by the solar panel and the battery voltage will have recovered to 3.3v. Each time that happens the ULP will wake up the main core to calculate the next generation based on the previous one which is stored in RTC memory. Then it will turn on the display driver board and push the next set of pixels to be drawn before writing this new generation to memory and entering deep sleep again. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Supply_Improves._Here’s_Where to_Buy_One_Now.⠀⇛ Getting your hands on a Raspberry Pi is now much easier than 2022 or even than it was a few weeks ago. Raspberry Pi stock levels are improving, with some units remaining in stock for hours, rather than minutes. In a December 2022 blog post, Raspberry Pi LTD’s CEO Eben Upton wrote about how he saw stock levels in 2023. This data was then refined a few months ago to provide more clarity. Now, more than half-way through the year, we can take a look at home Raspberry Pi stock levels have improved, and more importantly, tell you where you can buy a Raspberry Pi. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ [Old] Logikal Solutions ☛ Medical_Device_Companies_Using_Qt⠀⇛ Since this is a blog, we can start out with the cheap shot. Unless you are talking about the dudes looking to kick your ass in a bar fight, 4 is not a big number. According to an entity which monitors such things, as of the start of 2023 there were 933 medical device manufacturers in the United States. o ⚓ OMG! Linux ☛ Thunderbird_115_is_Now_Available_on_Flathub⠀⇛ What’s changed is that the Thunderbird Flatpak on Flathub is now packaged and maintained by the Thunderbird team directly. o § Licensing / Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Modern_Samizdat_Libraries⠀⇛ Samizdat (“self-publishing” in Russian) was the practice of illegally copying and distributing books, manuscripts, and other materials to evade Soviet censorship. While samizdat initially started with Russian literature and expanded to politically focused materials, it was also reimagined for hacker culture. When Bell Labs made UNIX source code illegal to distribute, the book A Commentary on the UNIX Operating System (which contained an annotated version of the source code) was retracted. Illegally copying and distributing the book was known amongst hackers as samizdat. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Syncpup ☛ Erlang,_the_Unix_way⠀⇛ With this as a guide, it should be easy to have a client module do any number of nasty work. I’m going to use this scaffolding to run some massively parallel file IO work so that I don’t have to attempt the same in C/Unix. No way. # ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_issue_with_control_flow_in interpreters_using_the_‘eval’_pattern⠀⇛ The ideal situation for an ‘eval()’ style interpreter is where you’re evaluating expressions and you only have to return a simple result (a number, a boolean answer, or the like). Life gets a bit more complex if you need to return a multi- option result where there are rules for combining the options together; for example, you might have a DSL where the result of an expression could be ‘yes’, ‘no’, or ‘we have to defer this because DNS isn’t cooperating’. When you have such a multi- option situation, every non-terminal Eval() method may need to specifically handle the third option in some way that makes sense (and may be domain specific). # ⚓ Earthly ☛ Building_a_CLI_Application_With_Argparse⠀⇛ A Command-Line Interface (CLI) is a method of interacting with a computer program by entering text commands. It provides a way of controlling programs, executing tasks, and manipulating system resources through a terminal or command prompt. To build programs that accept input through the command line, the Python library offers the argparse module. The module simplifies the process of building command-line interfaces by providing the functionality to define command-line arguments, parse arguments, validate user input, and generate help messages. In this tutorial, let’s explore using the argparse module by building a ToDo application that will be operated through the Command-Line. This project will serve as an example to introduce the various concepts of argparse and demonstrate their practical use. Therefore, throughout the tutorial, we will build the application incrementally while exploring the different features of the argparse module. The ToDo application will allow users to manage tasks by providing commands to add tasks, view the task list, mark tasks as done, and delete tasks. # ⚓ Earthly ☛ Designing_Extensible_Software_with_Go Interfaces⠀⇛ In this article, you’ll learn how to use interfaces in Go to design extensible, modular software. Moreover, you’ll learn how to use interfaces to promote code reusability, flexible architecture, and an improved development experience. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ No-GIL_mode_coming_for_Python⠀⇛ The Python Steering Council has announced its intent to accept PEP 703 (Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython), with initial support possibly showing up in the 3.13 release. There are still some details to work out, though. # ⚓ Seth Michael Larson ☛ Security_Developer-in-Residence –_Weekly_Report_#5⠀⇛ I’ve continued working on having the Python Software Foundation registered as a CNA. We have at this point submitted our registration containing a list of contacts, a disclosure policy, location of advisories and an advisory database. We’ve received an onboarding meeting date (August 21st) where we’ll meet with the CNA partner team to ask questions about the process and fill out some example CVE records. The Python Steering Council have approved having Python scoped under the PSF CNA! 🥳 * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Creator_of_the_Unix_Sysadmin_Song_explains_he just_wanted_to_liven_up_a_textbook⠀⇛ In 1991 he cowrote “Guide to Unix” with the utilities pioneer Peter Norton, and this reignited his interest in open source. He went on to write five books on the topic, including the 1995 tome that includes the infamous song – latterly using his beloved Dvorak keyboard. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Friendly_AI_chatbots_will_be_designing bioweapons_for_criminals_‘within_years’⠀⇛ Anthropic, founded by former OpenAI employees, prides itself on being safety-oriented and is best known for its large language model (LLM) chatbot Claude. Over the past six months the startup has reportedly been working with biosecurity experts to study how neural networks could be used to create weapons in the future. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Would_We_Recognize_Extraterrestrial_Technology If_We_Saw_It?⠀⇛ There’s a common critique in science fiction series like Star Trek about the extraterrestrial species not looking ‘alien’ enough, as well as about their technology being strangely similar to our own, not to mention compatible to the point where their widgets can be integrated into terrestrial systems by any plucky engineer. Is this critique justified, or perhaps more succinctly put: if we came across real extraterrestrial life with real extraterrestrial technology, would we even notice? Would an alien widget borrowed of an alien spacecraft even work with our own terrestrial spacecraft’s system? o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Color_Can_Triple_QR_Code_Capacity⠀⇛ Recently [mit41301] wondered about increasing the data capacity of QR codes, and was able to successfully triple the number of bits using color. He chose the new rectangular micro QR code (rMQR) standard which was adopted last year as ISO/IEC 23941:2022. This rectangular-shaped QR code is designed to be used on narrow spaces, with an aspect ratio similar to that of a traditional 1D bar code. There are quite a few variations of rMQR, but the largest can hold 361 bytes. The basic idea is to generate three different rMQR codes, coloring them as red, green, blue, and merging the result. Decoding is performed by separating the color image into its RGB components and then decoding the resulting three images. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Splitting_3D_Prints_Into_Parts_Can_Add Strength⠀⇛ One of the great things about 3D printers is their ability to make a single part all at once. Separating a part into multiple pieces is usually done to split up objects that are too big to fit on the 3D printer’s print bed. But [Peter] at Markforged (manufacturers of high-end 3D printers) has a video explaining another reason: multi-part prints can benefit from improved strength. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Cracking_down_on_SUVs⠀⇛ I couldn’t have put it better than Not Just Bikes when he said that the freedom to swing your fist ends at our faces, and SUV drivers are a selfish punch to everyone else in urban environments. Their size, pollution, and negatively-reinforced driving habits are antithetical to every climate, financial sustainability, and accessibility goal we have for our cities. They’re also hideous, though I think that of regular cars too. # ⚓ El País ☛ Chatting_with_strangers:_Why_the_practice_is dying_out_and_why_that_matters⠀⇛ On his daily commute to work, the professor observed what happens on the subway in any city in the world: people don’t look at each other, they don’t smile, and they never talk to each other except in an extreme emergency. We prefer to immerse ourselves in the depths of our cellphone, protected by headphones. Wearing headphones is a great shield that exempts us from social contact — just pointing to one of our ears is enough to dissuade any daring stranger from attempting the slightest interaction. A gesture that a decade ago would have been considered rude is today widely accepted. # ⚓ [Old] El País ☛ Disconnecting_from_social_media_for_a_week can_improve_mental_well-being:_It’s_time_to_do_a_‘digital cleanse’⠀⇛ Maybe you’re on vacation and your cellphone has no signal, or you forgot to charge your phone and now you’re sitting in a waiting room, anxious to see what’s happening on Twitter or what your friends are doing on Instagram. Feeling uncomfortable when you don’t have your phone in your hand, as if something is missing, is a warning sign: it’s time to disconnect. In most cases, you don’t need to disconnect completely and forever. A week-long break from social media is enough to yield significant improvements in well-being, according to a study published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking in May 2022. o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ Microsoft_laid_off_thousands_of_employees_in the_fiscal_year_2023⠀⇛ Microsoft, one of the world’s largest tech brands, has recently made headlines with its huge layoffs during its fiscal year 2023. These layoffs have broken the company’s previous records and have had a huge impact on various depts within the company. Microsoft, known for its software products and services, has been a major player in the tech industry for decades. However, like any other brand, it faces issues and must make strategic decisions to ensure its long-term success. One such decision was the layoff of 11,000 staff during its fiscal year 2023. # ⚓ Health3PT_Releases_Blueprint_for_Third_Party_Risk Management_to_Fix_the_Ineffective_Cyber_Risk_Assessment Process_for_the_Healthcare_Industry⠀⇛ The Health 3rd Party Trust (Health3PT) Initiative today announced the release of the Health3PT Recommended Practices & Implementation Guide, a key deliverable in its mission to solve the third party cyber risk problem in the healthcare industry. The Health3PT Recommended Practices & Implementation Guide is the result of collaboration among a council representing the nation’s leading healthcare organizations and provides an instructional framework of actionable steps organizations can take to ensure due diligence and due care throughout the healthcare ecosystem—while improving effectiveness, reducing inefficiencies, and leading the way for standardization in Third- Party Risk Management (TPRM). # ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ N2WS_Backup_and_Recovery_enhancements strengthen_AWS_workload_protection⠀⇛ In a significant move toward enhancing business continuity and data security for enterprises, N2WS has launched the latest version of N2WS Backup and Recovery. [...] The N2WS version 4.2 instance is deployed on Ubuntu 22, With this latest release, customers can choose to upgrade the underlying Ubuntu instances to Ubuntu Pro by using AWS License Manager. # ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ Senator_Blasts_Microsoft_for_Negligence_in 365_Email_Breach⠀⇛ In a letter to the DoJ, FTC, and CISA, Oregon’s Wyden also called for Microsoft to be held accountable in the sprawling SolarWinds breach. # ⚓ NPR ☛ What_my_$30_hamburger_reveals_about_fees_and_how companies_use_them_to_jack_up_prices⠀⇛ This is what’s known as stealth inflation. Basically, a price hike lurks, shark-like, just beneath the surface, waiting for you to click on that tantalizing $200 airfare deal or order that refreshing $4 iced coffee. Then it strikes: one fee, another fee, a 20% tip. Before you know it, you’ve just paid 30 bucks for a hamburger. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Researchers_Poke_Holes_in_Safety_Controls of_ChatGPT_and_Other_Chatbots⠀⇛ In a report released on Thursday, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh and the Center for A.I. Safety in San Francisco showed how anyone could circumvent A.I. safety measures and use any of the leading chatbots to generate nearly unlimited amounts of harmful information. Their research underscored increasing concern that the new chatbots could flood the internet with false and dangerous information despite attempts by their creators to ensure that would not happen. It also showed how disagreements among leading A.I. companies were creating an increasingly unpredictable environment for the technology. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ FBI_warns_of_broad_AI_threats_facing tech_companies_and_the_public⠀⇛ Officials on Friday warned of the likely increase in “targeting [sic] and collecting against US companies, universities and government research facilities for AI advancements,” including the transfer of “AI information including algorithms, data expertise and computing infrastructure through a multitude of technology acquisition methods,” both illegal and legal, such as through foreign commercial investments. # § Windows TCO⠀➾ # ⚓ [Repeat] IT Wire ☛ US_Senator_seeks_federal_action over_Microsoft_Azure_breach⠀⇛ He made the request in a letter sent to Jen Easterly, director of CISA; Lina Khan, chair of the FTC; and Merrick Garland, US attorney- general. Wyden, a Democrat from Oregon, was referring to a recent breach of Microsoft’s Azure platform. The email account of US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo was one of the more prominent accounts to have been breached during the attack which was blamed on Chinese attackers whom Microsoft has named Storm- 0588. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Hawaiʻi_Community_College_pays_ransom to_attackers⠀⇛ The university does not say how much it agreed to pay and it did not name the attackers in its announcement, but the listing on the NoEscape dark web leak site was removed. Although the NoEscape ransomware gang first appeared under that name in June of this year, they are believed to be a rebrand of the Avaddon threat actors. They appear to be just another group using the double-extortion model that leaks the data of victims who don’t pay. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ ALPHV_ransomware_adds_data_leak_API in_new_extortion_strategy⠀⇛ The ALPHV ransomware gang, also referred to as BlackCat, is trying to put more pressure on their victims to pay a ransom by providing an API for their leak site to increase visibility for their attacks. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Health_data_of_more_than_8_million people_accessed_by_MOVEit_hackers:_US_govt_contractor⠀⇛ The relevant section of Maximus’ SEC filing of July 26 reads: [...] o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ Venture Beat ☛ Hugging_Face,_GitHub_and_more_unite_to defend_open_source_in_EU_AI_legislation [Ed: Slashdot still_publishing_Microsoft_propaganda. Microsoft does not speak for Open Source, Microsoft attacks Open Source (while bribing OSI), and GitHub is proprietary (promoted by OSI for those bribes).]⠀⇛ o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Friday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (kernel and libmail-dkim-perl), Fedora (openssh), and SUSE (kernel). # ⚓ Kaspersky_launches_specialized_solution_for_Linux-based embedded_devices [Ed: Do not use proprietary software for security, not just because it's Russian]⠀⇛ Kaspersky introduces support for Linux in their Kaspersky Embedded Systems Security product. This adaptable, multi-layered solution now provides optimized security for embedded Linux-based systems, devices and scenarios, in compliance with the rigorous regulatory standards so often applicable to these systems. The product provides optimum protection for every device it secures – whatever its power level – against the latest cyberthreats directed at today’s Linux systems. # ⚓ Data Breaches ☛ Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_notifying 645,000_Medicare_members_about_MOVEit_breach⠀⇛ The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) has posted a notice on its site about a data breach at one of its contractors, Maximus Federal Services, Inc. Maximus was one of hundreds of victims of a 0day attack on MOVEit file transfer software by the Clop ransomware gang. Maximus detected unusual activity on May 30 and reported the incident to CMS on June 2. CMS estimates that approximately 645,000 Medicare numbers had their information caught up in the attack. # ⚓ USDOJ ☛ SSNDOB_Marketplace_Admin_Pleads_Guilty_To_Charges Related_To_His_Operation_Of_A_Series_Of_Websites⠀⇛ July 25 — Tampa, Florida – United States Attorney Roger B. Handberg, along with Special Agent in Charge Kareem Carter for the IRS – Criminal Investigation Washington D.C. Field Office, and Special Agent in Charge David Walker for the FBI – Tampa Division, announces that Vitalii Chychasov (37, Ukraine) has pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit access device fraud and trafficking in unauthorized access devices relating to his administration of SSNDOB Marketplace, a series of websites that operated for years and were used to sell personal information, including the names, dates of birth, and Social Security numbers belonging to individuals in the United States. The SSNDOB Marketplace has listed the personal information for millions of individuals in the United States, generating more than $19 million in sales revenue. On June 7, 2022, seizure orders were executed against the domain names of the SSNDOB Marketplace, effectively ceasing the website’s operation. # ⚓ Lebanon_students_to_finally_receive_grades_from_June_after cyberattack_delay⠀⇛ Middle and high school students in the Lebanon School District are expected to receive their grades for the academic year that ended in June next week. The delayed release comes after some of the district’s key systems were taken offline as a precaution following a June cyberattack. PowerSchool, a student information database where students and families can go to see grades, is expected to be back online for families on Friday, Aug. 4, according to Superintendent Amy Allen, a former assistant superintendent in Manchester who started work in Lebanon on July 1. Report cards for elementary school students were sent home at the end of the school year, but older students have yet to receive their grades. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Axis_Door_Controller_Vulnerability_Exposes Facilities_to_Physical,_Cyber_Threats⠀⇛ An Axis network door controller vulnerability can be exploited to target facilities, exposing them to both physical and cyber threats. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Data_of_more_than_8m_stolen_from_US_govt contractor_Maximus⠀⇛ A spokesperson for Maximus’ Australian operations told iTWire: “MAX, part of Maximus, does not use the MOVEit platform in Australia, and as a result, no MAX customers were impacted.” Cl0P now appears to have delisted Maximus from its web site, one of 11 companies whose names have been removed after being listed, according to ransomware threat researcher Brett Callow. {loadposition sam08}Set up in 1975, Maximus has more than 39.000 employers and its annual revenue is claimed to be US$4.25 billion (A$6.3 billion). # ⚓ Quartz ☛ The_SEC_is_giving_companies_four_days_to_report cyberattacks⠀⇛ The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) wants public companies to be more transparent and forthcoming about “material cybersecurity incidents,” the federal agency said yesterday (July 26). # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Companies_Required_by_SEC_to_Disclose Cybersecurity_Incidents_in_4_Days⠀⇛ The SEC has adopted new rules requiring public companies to disclose cybersecurity breaches that have a material impact within four days. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Code_Execution_Vulnerability_Impacts_900k MikroTik_Devices⠀⇛ Over 900,000 devices are impacted by an arbitrary code execution vulnerability in MikroTik RouterOS. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ SEC’s_breach_disclosure_rule_raises concerns_about_tipping_off_hackers_to_flawed_systems⠀⇛ New rules require publicly traded companies to disclose cybersecurity breaches within four days of them being deemed material. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Top_FBI_officials_warn_of_‘unparalleled’ threat_from_China_and_AI⠀⇛ Director Christopher Wray said “AI will enable threat actors to develop increasingly powerful, sophisticated, customizable, and scalable capabilities.” # ⚓ Best_VPN_for_Linux [Ed: This seems to be partly promotional, not objective]⠀⇛ The best virtual private networks (VPNs) for Linux mask your IP address and encrypt your data to provide an enhanced level of privacy when working on the operating system, particularly when you’re connected to a public network. They also allow you to watch geo-blocked content and bypass censorship to access websites that might be disallowed due to your home IP address. Some even go a step further to provide firewall, antivirus, anti-rootkit and tripwire services. This review looks at the best Linux VPN clients for hiding your traffic from prying eyes and gaining access to additional content, or both. Read on to learn more about these services, including how they work and how to set them up. # ⚓ Securing_Your_Linux_VPS:_15_Essential_Tips_and_Best Practices⠀⇛ One thing stands as an unbroken fact in the broad digital ecosystem where data flows continuously and cyber dangers abound – the critical significance of protecting your Linux Virtual Private Server (VPS). # ⚓ StackRot_(CVE-2023-3269):_Linux_kernel_privilege_escalation vulnerability⠀⇛ A flaw was found in the handling of stack expansion in the Linux kernel 6.1 through 6.4, aka “Stack Rot”. The maple tree, responsible for managing virtual memory areas, can undergo node replacement without properly acquiring the MM write lock, leading to use-after-free issues. An unprivileged local user could use this flaw to compromise the kernel and escalate their privileges. # ⚓ LWN ☛ Exploiting_the_StackRot_vulnerability⠀⇛ For those who are interested in the gory details of how the StackRot vulnerability works, Ruihan Li has posted a detailed writeup of the bug and how it can be exploited. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Hacker News ☛ GameOver(lay):_Two_Severe_Linux Vulnerabilities_Impact_40%_of_Ubuntu_Users [Ed: Talking point from a firm that came from Microsoft (Wiz). The severity is not high.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Dark Reading ☛ Ubuntu_Linux_Cloud_Workloads_Face Rampant_Root_Take_Takeovers [Ed: Is Wiz eager to distract from the Microsoft breach it spoke of this month?]⠀⇛ The flaws — tracked as CVE-2023-2640 and CVE- 2023-32629 and dubbed “GameOverlay” by Wiz researchers — are found in the OverlayFS module of Ubuntu Linux and are the result of changes Ubuntu made to the module in 2018, which, at the time, posed no threat, researchers from cloud security firm Wiz revealed in a blog post. # ⚓ Milioni_di_utenti_Ubuntu_vulnerabili_al_bug_di sicurezza_del_modulo_OverlayFS⠀⇛ # ⚓ GameOver(lay):_Easy-to-exploit_local_privilege escalation_vulnerabilities_in_Ubuntu_Linux_affect_40% of_Ubuntu_cloud_workloads [Ed: The media has mostly copy-pasted this dramatisation from Microsoft-connected firm (created by a Microsofter)]⠀⇛ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ The_CPTPP:_trading_away_your privacy_rights⠀⇛ The Government have recently announced the UK accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). This trade agreement will contribute to a whopping 0.08% of the national gross domestic product over a period of ten years, but under a seemingly inconsequential move lies a very tangible risk: the agreement includes clauses that could force the UK to remove protections to personal data when transferred to foreign jurisdictions—mostly countries of the Asia- Pacific region. Before this, the UK joined the Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum, an international data transfer regime based on the weak Asia- Pacific privacy framework. Meanwhile proposals in the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill are outspokenly meant to position the UK as the data-laundering hub of Europe. In other words, the Government are setting the stage to make your personal data their bargaining chip during trade negotiations. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ France_claims_Apple_abusing_market_position in_collecting_data_for_ads⠀⇛ The French competition authority has accused Apple of abusing its dominant position in the market to implement “discriminatory, non- objective and non-transparent conditions” to mine user data for advertising purposes. # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Has_Liberty_Died_in_Our_Hearts?⠀⇛ Nevertheless, every encroachment upon personal freedom – here the natural human right to be left alone – when unchecked, forms a small precedent, and becomes another step on the stairway to totalitarianism. It makes the next encroachment easier for the zealots in the government to accomplish and to justify. If Americans believe that the Bill of Rights means what it says, then all rational persons – except the zealots in the deep state and the quislings in Congress – should be demanding that the Congress and the FBI conform to and abide by the restraints imposed upon them by the Constitution they have sworn to uphold. Here is the backstory. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ Japan_says_North_Korea_threat_more_serious_than ‘ever_before’⠀⇛ Japan said Friday that North Korea posed a more serious threat to its national security than “ever before”, as nuclear-armed Pyongyang rattles its neighbours with repeated missile tests and belligerent rhetoric. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_national_security_police arrest_man_and_woman_over_alleged_foreign_collusion_and sedition_conspiracy⠀⇛ A man and a woman were arrested by the national security police on Thursday morning for allegedly conspiring to collude with foreign forces and commit seditious acts. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Taiwanese_businessman_allowed_to_leave_China_for Japan_‘relieved’_to_be_free⠀⇛ Lee Meng-chu promised state security police he would delay his homecoming until after Taiwan’s presidential poll. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_parents_who_abducted_children_linked_to anti-state_movement⠀⇛ The family who kidnapped their children after they were taken into care are linked to the so-called movement of sovereign citizens, Lithuania’s intelligence service, the State Security Department (VSD), said on Wednesday. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Chengdu_steps_up_security_measures_after_post_calls for_protests_at_University_Games⠀⇛ A post on GitHub calls for ‘white paper revolutionary action’ to call for Xi Jinping’s resignation at the event. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Florida_man_accused_of_hoarding_America’s secrets_faces_fresh_charges⠀⇛ The celebrity defendant, a 77-year-old jack-of-all- trades, spent four long years occupying the White House after more than a decade as a reality TV host. On Thursday he faced three new charges [PDF] that may complicate his plan to re-establish residency in America’s capital come January 2025. The charges include: attempting to destroy evidence (obstruction of justice); attempting to induce others to destroy evidence; and a further Espionage Act violation related to the unlawful retention of a top secret document about Iran. # ⚓ The Age AU ☛ Australia_lagging_in_protecting_teens_from ‘dark_rabbit_holes’_on_TikTok⠀⇛ Rising numbers of adolescents are picking up dangerous self-harming trends on popular social media apps, say mental health experts, who are pushing for Australia to strengthen its online content moderation policies. Monash Health child psychiatrist, associate professor Michael Gordon, said TikTok was the standout app of concern and that usage in teenagers had soared during the pandemic. Gordon said there was a trend on TikTok where people filmed themselves being injured, while others were “showing off” wounds inflicted through self-harm. # ⚓ RTL ☛ Last_surviving_Luxembourg_veteran_remembers_fallen friend⠀⇛ This week marks the 70th anniversary of the historic armistice signed between North and South Korea. 92-year-old Léon Moyen is the last surviving veteran from Luxembourg who fought in the historic conflict. # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ Trump_Tried_to_Delete_Mar-a-Lago_Security Footage_to_Thwart_Investigators⠀⇛ In the new superseding indictment, Carlos de Oliveira, a maintenance worker at Trump’s Mar-a- Lago resort, joins Trump and his aide Walt Nauta as a defendant in the case brought by the Justice Department in June. The new charges against the former president and his employees include “Corruptly Altering, Destroying, Mutilating or Concealing a Document, Record, or Other Object,” as well as “Altering, Destroying, Mutilating, or Concealing an Object.” # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Seventy_years_on,_the_Korean_War_still resonates⠀⇛ Commemorations in South Korea yesterday, and elsewhere around the world, marked the 70th anniversary of the signing of the Korean War armistice at Panmunjom on 27 July 1953. Today, amid the war in Ukraine and tensions in East Asia that could flare into hostilities, the lessons of the Korean conflict are worth close re-examination. # ⚓ RFA ☛ China’s_coal_use_increased_to_a_record_high_in_2022, IEA_says⠀⇛ China’s coal consumption grew by 4.6% in 2022 to a new all-time high of 4.5 billion metric tons, dragging with it global coal demand offsetting declines in Europe and North America, a new report by an energy watchdog said. The coal market globally rose by 3.3% to hit a fresh new record of 8.3 billion metric tons in 2022, and will stay near that record level this year due to solid growth in Asia for both power generation and industrial applications, said the Paris-based organization International Energy Agency. The news comes as climate monitors warn of global temperatures reaching record highs in July, and coal is a major source of the emissions that cause global warming. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Nature ☛ Warning_of_a_forthcoming_collapse_of_the_Atlantic meridional_overturning_circulation⠀⇛ The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a major tipping element in the climate system and a future collapse would have severe impacts on the climate in the North Atlantic region. In recent years weakening in circulation has been reported, but assessments by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) model simulations suggest that a full collapse is unlikely within the 21st century. Tipping to an undesired state in the climate is, however, a growing concern with increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Predictions based on observations rely on detecting early-warning signals, primarily an increase in variance (loss of resilience) and increased autocorrelation (critical slowing down), which have recently been reported for the AMOC. Here we provide statistical significance and data-driven estimators for the time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around mid-century under the current scenario of future emissions. [...] Computer code (Matlab and R) can be found in the following repository: [...] # ⚓ NPR ☛ Why_it’s_so_important_to_figure_out_when_a_vital Atlantic_Ocean_current_might_collapse⠀⇛ To determine how close that tipping point might be, Ditlevsen analyzed ocean temperature records near Greenland over the past 150 years and ran a statistical analysis to track the fluctuations in temperature. He and his co-author found increasing variability in temperatures, which they say is a sign the AMOC is weakening. Based on their analysis, they estimate the AMOC could collapse between 2025 and 2095. That’s decades earlier than other studies have found. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Saguaro_Cacti_Collapsing_in_Arizona_Extreme Heat,_Scientist_Says⠀⇛ Cacti need to cool down at night or through rain and mist. If that does not happen they sustain internal damage. Plants now suffering from prolonged, excessive heat may take months or years to die, Hernandez said. # ⚓ Poll:_SUV_drivers_in_Paris_to_be_charged_higher_parking fees,_should_Australia_follow?⠀⇛ Paris has announced plans to impose higher parking fees for bigger cars from January 2024 – in an attempt to discourage the ownership of SUVs and larger petrol and diesel vehicles. # ⚓ News AU ☛ Calls_for_SUV_drivers_to_pay_higher_parking_fees to_fight_pollution⠀⇛ Announcing the measures, deputy mayor David Belliard said SUVs were “incongruous in an urban environment” and the measure aimed to tackle “the inexorable growth in the weight and size of vehicles circulating in our cities”. He hoped more expensive parking would encourage people to buy lighter vehicles. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Tesla’s_Dieselgate⠀⇛ The fundamental laws of physics don’t care about this bullshit, but people do. The comsat lie convinced a bunch of people that pulling fiber to all our homes is literally impossible – as though the electrical and phone lines that come to our homes now were installed by an ancient, lost civilization. Pulling new cabling isn’t a mysterious art, like embalming pharaohs. We do it all the time. One of the poorest places in America installed universal fiber with a mule named “Ole Bub”: [...] # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Burning_ship_off_Dutch_coast_has more_e-cars_than_thought⠀⇛ A freight ship that caught fire off the Dutch coast and has been burning since, as fire extinguishers try to figure out ways to tackle the incident, has been carrying nearly 500 electric cars, far more than previously reported, the company that chartered the ship said. Initial reports said that the ship was carrying 25 electric cars. The Fremantle Highway vessel, which has burning for a fourth day off the Dutch coast, was chartered by Japanese transportation company K Line. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Worldcoin_[cryptocurrency]_already under_scrutiny_in_Europe⠀⇛ Less than a week after its launch, the Worldcoin [cryptocurrency] project of OpenAI chief executive Sam Altman is already under scrutiny by European regulators over its reliance on an eye scan to verify a user’s identity, France’s data protection agency said Friday. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ İstanbul_breaks_daily_water_consumption record_amid_heatwave⠀⇛ According to İSKİ data, the average fill rate of the 10 dams supplying drinking and utility water to İstanbul is currently at 38%, whereas it was over 71% in July last year. (AÖ/VK) # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Thames_Water_to_datacenters:_Cut water_use_or_we_will⠀⇛ The objective then was to work with datacenter operators to reduce their overall water usage and discourage them from using drinking water for purposes such as cooling. At the time, the southern part of the UK was experiencing a heatwave that followed on from a period of unusually low rainfall. It appears that Thames Water is now moving beyond that and seeking to bring in measures such as putting flow restrictors onto supply pipes and charging more for water during periods when demand is high. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trump_Faces_New_Charges_in_Mar-a-Lago Classified_Documents_Case⠀⇛ The office of the special counsel accused the former president of seeking to delete security camera footage at Mar-a-Lago. The manager of the property, Carlos De Oliveira, was also named as a new defendant. # ⚓ Special_security_zone_declared_in_Şırnak⠀⇛ Citizens and opposition MPs question the successive declarations of special security zones in the southeastern provinces, resulting in the hindering of the economic activities of the villagers. # ⚓ CBC ☛ Threads_has_lost_half_its_users_since_launch, Zuckerberg_tells_staff⠀⇛ Meta Platforms executives are heavily focused on boosting retention on their new social media app Threads, after it lost more than half of its users in the weeks following its buzzy launch, CEO Mark Zuckerberg told employees on Thursday. # ⚓ NPR ☛ New_study_shows_just_how_Facebook’s_algorithm_shapes conservative_and_liberal_bubbles⠀⇛ Still, the research sheds light on how Facebook’s algorithm works. The studies found liberals and conservatives live in their own political news bubbles more so than elsewhere online. They also show that changing the platform’s algorithm substantially changes what people see and how they behave on the site — even if it didn’t affect their beliefs during the three-month period researchers studied. “The insights from these papers provide critical insight into the black box of algorithms, giving us new information about what sort of content is prioritized and what happens if it is altered,” said Talia Stroud of the University of Texas at Austin, who is co-leading the research project. # ⚓ New Statesman ☛ The_risible_origin_story_of_“X”⠀⇛ If we want to guess at how users will respond to this change, which abandons almost two decades of brand recognition and a verb – “tweet” – that’s entered the public lexicon, we can look to history. This isn’t the first time Musk has tried to make X.com a reality. In 1999 he launched on online bank with the same name. It eventually merged with Confinity, a company founded by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin that made a product called PayPal. Musk became the CEO of the combined company, and immediately started making a series of bad decisions. He sought to rewrite PayPal’s code base to align with X.com, losing millions in the process as development on new features came to a halt, and began the process of rebranding PayPal as X-PayPal with the goal of phasing out the old name altogether. But Musk faced an internal revolt. Focus groups told the company they trusted the PayPal brand but not X. They perceived the latter as a seedy name and said it reminded them of porn – not the associations you want for a bank and payment processor. But Musk charged forward anyway, until the board replaced him with Thiel while he was on his honeymoon. In the following months the X.com financial services were wound down and the entire company was renamed PayPal. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Report:_Biden_should_prioritize_cyber capacity_building_for_allies⠀⇛ More than a year into Russia’s largely failed invasion of Ukraine, Kyiv has been fairly successful in repelling Russian cyberattacks — in part thanks to assistance from partner nations and corporations. Now a new report is urging the Biden administration to build on that success and and prioritize cyber capacity building for allies and partners. Thursday’s report from the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, a Washington think tank, includes a set of eight recommendations for the Biden administration to ensure that cyber capacity building makes up a key part of its forthcoming international cybersecurity strategy. # ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ Beware_the_Righteous⠀⇛ All of the worst atrocities in human history have been perpetrated by people convinced they were in the right. People act according to the mores of their era and group. There is nothing more dangerous that the inability to see that it is reasonable for others to have a different view or interest. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ VOA News ☛ No,_Mr._Putin,_Europe_Didn’t_Ban_RT_for Telling_the_Truth⠀⇛ That is false. While some journalists and academics have opposed banning the Russian media outlets on free speech grounds, RT and Sputnik have systematically spread falsehoods and disinformation about Russia’s war in Ukraine. # ⚓ BBC ☛ False_claims_that_heatwave_is_bogus_spread online⠀⇛ False claims suggesting that the BBC has been misreporting temperatures in southern Europe have been spreading on social media. # ⚓ Greece ☛ Facebook’s_algorithm_is_‘influential’_but doesn’t_necessarily_change_beliefs,_researchers_say⠀⇛ Talia Stroud, the founder and director of the Center for Media Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin, and Joshua Tucker, a professor and co-founder of the Center for Social Media and Politics at New York University, who helped lead the project, said they “now know just how influential the algorithm is in shaping people’s on-platform experiences.” But Stroud said in an interview that the research showed the “quite complex social issues we’re dealing with” and that there was likely “no silver bullet” for social media’s effects. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Impartiality’s_not_an_issue_for_Hong Kong_broadcasters_when_only_one_opinion_is_permitted⠀⇛ There used to be a traditional English saying that it was no use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted. This of course dates back to the days when horse metaphors were instantly understandable. # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Azerbaijani_journalist_Vugar_Mammadov_sentenced_to_30 days_in_jail_over_interview⠀⇛ The court verdict, viewed by CPJ, referred to at least three interviews by Mammadov with former Colonel Elnur Mammadov, most recently on July 19, in which the ex-soldier criticized the state of the country’s military and accused Defense Minister Zakir Hasanov of poor management and corruption. Elnur Mammadov, who is not related to the journalist, was also jailed for 30 days on the same charges. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Hong_Kong_court_rejects_civil_ban_on_protest_anthem ‘Glory_to_Hong_Kong’⠀⇛ A court in Hong Kong on Friday rejected the government’s bid to impose an injunction on performances of and references to “Glory to Hong Kong,” the banned anthem of the 2019 protest movement, citing a “chilling effect” on freedom of expression. # ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ UK’s_Online_Safety_Bill_Likely_to Impact_American_User_Experience⠀⇛ The Online Safety Bill is the UK’s response to concerns about the negative impact of various internet platforms and applications. The core of the bill addresses illegal content and content that is harmful to children. It places a duty of care on internet sites, including social media platforms, search engines, and online shopping centers, to provide risk assessments for their content, prevent access to illegal content, protect privacy, and prevent children from accessing harmful content. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Report:_Six_African_Countries_Restricted Internet_Access_Due_to_Protests_or_Political_Crisis⠀⇛ Netherlands-based Surfshark said that is twice as many nations as during the same months of 2022. Surfshark recorded 42 new internet disruptions worldwide, nine of which occurred in Africa. Six countries — Ethiopia, Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal, Sudan and Tanzania — accounted for those nine shutdowns. # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Court_affirms_mentioning_officials’_names_doesn’t mean_‘targeting_them_for_terror_groups’⠀⇛ Two journalists who were put on trial based on a complaint by Akın Gürlek, a judge who presided over high-profile political cases in recent years and appointed as deputy justice minister after the May elections, were acquitted on June 13. Canan Coşkun, a reporter for the Diken news portal, Barış Pehlivan, a columnist for the daily Cumhuriyet, were facing charges of “marking anti- terror officials as a target for terrorist organizations” due to their coverage and articles related to one of Gürlek’s trials. The court acquitted Coşkun and Pehlivan, who faced up to three years in prison, citing that the act they were accused of was not defined as a crime in the law. It said the detailed ruling would be released at a later date. # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Muslim_nations_call_for_boycott_of_Swedish products⠀⇛ Sweden scrapped its blasphemy laws in the 1970s and now has some of the strongest legal predections for the freedom of expression in the world. But the country does not have a law that specifically prohibits burnings or desecrations of religious texts, including the Quran. Boyfield said that at a conference earlier this year, Swedish business leaders were already extremely concerned about the way in which the authorities were, in their view, failing to prosecute protestors who burned the Quran. However, he added that because Sweden imports most of its oil and natural gas from Norway and other countries outside of the Middle East, it was important to emphasize that Gulf states have very little in terms of leverage over the Nordic country. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Carr_asks_why_Albanese_not_pushing_for_Assange’s freedom⠀⇛ Former NSW premier Bob Carr has taken aim at Prime Minister Anthony Albanese over the delay in the US freeing WikiLeaks founder and publisher Julian Assange, questioning why, if a request has been refused, the PM has not asked the US a second time. # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Arrested_journalist_Fırat_Can_Arslan_put_in solitary_confinement⠀⇛ During a meeting with his lawyer, Arslan recounted that he was initially taken to the section where criminal detainees were held at Sincan Prison, and then, upon objection, prosecutors ordered his transfer to Sincan 1 Type F Prison, where political prisoners are held. The news report that led to his arrest was about a married judge and a prosecutor who presided over the same case, which was about 18 Kurdish media workers facing “terrorism”-related charges. The couple were reassigned to a different city after the first hearing of the trial on July 12, Arslan reported. # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Sri_Lankan_police_arrest,_beat_journalist_Tharindu Uduwaragedara⠀⇛ Officers pulled Uduwaragedara out of a rickshaw while he was leaving the protest and forced him into a police vehicle while he repeatedly identified himself as a journalist, according to Dehiaththage and video of the incident posted to Twitter. Two officers beat Uduwaragedara while en route to the Borella Police Station, where he remained detained without charge or access to medical treatment for a head injury as of Friday evening, Dehiaththage said. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Terence Eden ☛ Should_you_embed_alt_text_inside_image metadata?⠀⇛ But… People don’t always add alt text when they upload an image. They may not realise it is helpful, or they don’t know how to write a good description, or they may not have time to write something suitable. This leads to a frequently asked question: “Should I embed the alt text inside the image file? That way, whenever people share the image the alt text will automatically be attached!” Here’s my attempt to answer that. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Study:_Tibetan_prisons_shift_to_Xinjiang-like_long- term_detentions⠀⇛ When she was just 13, Ngawang Sangdrol was arrested for protesting Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rule in Tibet. She spent more than a decade in prison before international pressure led to her release in 2002. Now an activist at the International Campaign for Tibet, her mission to draw attention to human rights abuses in her homeland like what she endured is complicated, she said, by China’s tight control over information in and out the region. # ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Writers_Guild,_SAG-AFTRA_Threaten Legal_Action_Over_Radford_Picketing_Conditions⠀⇛ The Writers Guild of America, now on the cusp of marking its third month on strike against the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers, and performers organization SAG-AFTRA, which is two weeks into a work stoppage over its own contract dispute against the same studio association, both allege that Radford’s ownership has deprived them of their constitutional right to protest at the site safely and fairly. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Iranian_Parliament_Unveils_New,_Stricter_Hijab_Law Amid_Heavy_Criticism⠀⇛ The legislation also touches on the need for broader gender segregation in universities, administrative centers, educational institutions, parks, and tourist locations, and even in hospital treatment sections. It proposes severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines of up to 360 million Iranian rials ($720) for women who defy the mandatory hijab law. # ⚓ El País ☛ Neither_hippies_nor_nomads:_Unaffordable_rent_in the_US_forces_thousands_into_a_mobile_lifestyle⠀⇛ Homelessness in the United States is becoming an increasingly pressing issue. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, the number has risen by 35% since 2015, totaling almost 600,000 people across the country. Of these, 28% are complete families. Housing First is a bipartisan policy that offers permanent housing as quickly as possible to homeless people. But the 20- year-old policy has come under fire as the 2024 elections approach. Democrats have implemented stricter policies to tackle the issue of homelessness in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles. Meanwhile, Republicans aligned with Trump perceive these measures as exacerbating the problem. Republican Senator JD Vance from Ohio (author of the acclaimed memoir Hillbilly Elegy) says taxpayers are frustrated by programs that paradoxically lead to even more homelessness. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Amazon ☛ New_–_AWS_Public_IPv4_Address_Charge_+_Public_IP Insights⠀⇛ We are introducing a new charge for public IPv4 addresses. Effective February 1, 2024 there will be a charge of $0.005 per IP per hour for all public IPv4 addresses, whether attached to a service or not (there is already a charge for public IPv4 addresses you allocate in your account but don’t attach to an EC2 instance). o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Vivaldi ☛ Unpacking_Google’s_new_“dangerous”_Web- Environment-Integrity_specification⠀⇛ The spec in question, which is described at https:/ /github.com/RupertBenWiser/Web-Environment- Integrity/blob/main/explainer.md, is called Web Environment Integrity. The idea of it is as simple as it is dangerous. It would provide websites with an API telling them whether the browser and the platform it is running on that is currently in use is trusted by an authoritative third party (called an attester). The details are nebulous, but the goal seems to be to prevent “fake” interactions with websites of all kinds. While this seems like a noble motivation, and the use cases listed seem very reasonable, the solution proposed is absolutely terrible and has already been equated with DRM for websites, with all that it implies. It is also interesting to note that the first use case listed is about ensuring that interactions with ads are genuine. While this is not problematic on the surface, it certainly hints at the idea that Google is willing to use any means of bolstering its advertising platform, regardless of the potential harm to the users of the web. Despite the text mentioning the incredible risk of excluding vendors (read, other browsers), it only makes a lukewarm attempt at addressing the issue and ends up without any real solution. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google’s_browser_security_plan_slammed_as dangerous,_terrible,_DRM_for_websites⠀⇛ Google’s Web Environment Integrity (WEI) proposal, according to one of the developers working on the controversial fraud fighting project, aims to make the web “more private and safe.” Ben Wiser, a software engineer at the Chocolate Factory, responded on Wednesday to serious concerns about the proposal by insisting that WEI aims to address online fraud and abuse without the privacy harms enabled by browser fingerprinting and cross- site tracking. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Google_trying_to_corner_browser_market,_Norwegian firm_Vivaldi_claims⠀⇛ Norwegian firm Vivaldi, which produces a browser of the same name, has criticised Google for releasing a specification known as Web Environment Integrity which it claims would be toxic to the Web at large. # ⚓ FSF ☛ “Web_Environment_Integrity”_is_an_all-out_attack_on the_free_Internet⠀⇛ Read why “Web Environment Integrity” is terrible, and why we must vocally oppose it now. Google’s latest maneuver, if we don’t act to stop it, threatens our freedom to explore the Internet with browsers of our choice. Editorial note: For greater visibility, this article has been published here, on fsf.org. You can also find it on defectivebydesign.org, which also has other DRM-related articles and materials. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Variety ☛ Microsoft_Under_EU_Investigation_on_Possible Breach_of_Competition_Rules_Over_Teams_After_Slack Complaint⠀⇛ The investigation stems from a 2020 complaint submitted by Slack Technologies, which operates instant messaging program Slack, alleging that Microsoft illegally tied Teams to its dominant productivity suites. Microsoft includes Teams in cloud-based productivity suites for business customers – Office 365 and Microsoft 365. # ⚓ [Repeat] IT Wire ☛ Europe_opens_probe_into_Microsoft bundling_of_Teams_with_Office⠀⇛ “We must therefore ensure that the markets for these products remain competitive, and companies are free to choose the products that best meet their needs. This is why we are investigating whether Microsoft’s tying of its productivity suites with Teams may be in breach of EU competition rules.” The EC statement said: “The commission is concerned that Microsoft may be abusing and defending its market position in productivity software by restricting competition in the European Economic Area for communication and collaboration products,” the statement said. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ It’s_official:_EU_probing_bundling_of Teams_with_Microsoft_365⠀⇛ Updated The European Commission has officially launched a “formal investigation” into whether Microsoft flouted EU competition rules by bundling Teams with dominant productivity software suite Office 365 and Microsoft 365. It’s been a long time in the making: Teams was integrated into the Windows-maker’s software line- up in 2017, and Slack complained to the EU in 2020 that the move was anti-competitive as it forced the install on millions of customers, removal was blocked, and the true cost of the collaboration app was hidden. # ⚓ Computer World ☛ Microsoft_faces_EU_antitrust_probe_for bundling_Teams_with_M365⠀⇛ Microsoft is facing an antitrust probe in Europe for bundling Teams with Microsoft 365. The European Commission — the executive arm of the European Union that governs regulations for its 27 member nations — said it is looking into a complaint that claimed Microsoft’s bundling of Teams with Office 365 was unfair. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ That_Which_Copyright_Destroys,_‘Pirates’ Can_Save⠀⇛ There’s an interesting post on TorrentFreak that concerns so-called “pirate” subtitles for films. It’s absurd that anyone could consider subtitles to be piracy in any way. They are a good example of how ordinary people can add value by generously helping others enjoy films and TV programs in languages they don’t understand. In no sense do “pirate” subtitles “steal” from those films and programs, they manifestly enhance them. And yet the ownership-obsessed copyright world actively pursues people who dare to spread joy in this way. In discussing these subtitles, TorrentFreak mentions a site that I’ve not heard of before, Karagarga: [...] # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Italian_Pirate_IPTV_Customers_Risk_a 5,000_Euro_Fine_Starting_August_8,_2023⠀⇛ Italy’s brand new anti-piracy law has just received full approval from telecoms regulator AGCOM. In a statement issued Thursday, AGCOM noted its position “at the forefront of the European scene in combating online piracy.” The new law comes into force on August 8 and authorizes nationwide ISP blocking of live events and enables the state to issue fines of up to 5,000 euros to users of pirate streams . # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Sci-Hub’s_Alexandra_Elbakyan_Receives EFF_Award_for_Providing_Access_to_Scientific Knowledge⠀⇛ The Electronic Frontier Foundation will award Alexandra Elbakyan, founder of the ‘pirate’ library Sci-Hub, for her efforts to provide access to scientific knowledge. According to EFF, Elbakyan’s site is a vital resource for millions of students and researchers. Some medical professionals have even argued that the site helped to save lives. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 7343 ➮ Generation completed at 02:45, i.e. 156 seconds to (re)generate ⟲